The 2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Meeting, two of the most prestigious events in oncology, have concluded sequentially. As the most authoritative annual gatherings in lung cancer and the entire oncology field, the WCLC and ESMO conferences brought together top oncology experts and scientists from around the world to share, discuss, and publish the latest cutting-edge advancements in oncology. In both conferences, lung cancer immunotherapy remained a hot topic of considerable interest. This article aims to summarize and discuss the important research progress on perioperative immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer reported at the two conferences.

The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held from January 23 to 25, 2025. Several significant studies on the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer were presented at the symposium, highlighting notable advances, particularly in the perioperative and advanced settings. Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant promise in the neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer, showing potential to become a standard treatment. Furthermore, the long-term survival benefits of combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced GEJ cancer were further validated. This article summarizes and interprets the researches presented at the symposium concerning perioperative and advanced treatments for esophageal and GEJ cancers.

The 2025 European Lung Cancer Congress (ELCC) convened in Paris, France, centering on the optimization and innovation of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Key topics at the congress included the application strategies for perioperative immunotherapy, breakthroughs in combination therapy models for advanced NSCLC, and the emerging roles of biomarkers in predicting diverse treatment outcomes. This paper integrates data from several key pivotal studies to systematically analyze the clinical value of neoadjuvant therapy within the perioperative setting, the potential of targeted combination regimens, and the challenges of managing drug resistance, thus offering new directions for clinical practice.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors for implementation of weight management services in primary medical and healthcare institutions, so as to provide references for implementing sustainable services of weight management. Methods: From May to June 2025, Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province was selected as the survey site. Personnel responsible for weight management in primary medical and healthcare institutions were selected as the survey subjects using a combined method of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Based on the five core domains of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), a semi-structured interview outline for weight management services in primary medical and healthcare institutions was designed. Original data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interview data was organized and analyzed using framework analysis. Factors affecting weight management services were quantitatively analyzed by referencing CFIR's structural rating criteria. Results: A total of 21 participants completed interviews, covering positions in nutrition, endocrinology, traditional Chinese medicine, general practice, maternal health, and public health. There were 9 males and 12 females. Fifteen participants (71.43%) were aged 35 years and above, 18 (85.71%) held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 15 (71.43%) were frontline medical staff. Fifteen factors affecting weight management services were identified across five domains: innovation, outer setting, inner setting, individuals, and implementation process. Six barrier factors were identified: difficulties in policy implementation, time-consuming interventions, limited incentive measures, lack of professional skills, unclear weight-loss plans and goal setting, and imperfect follow-up and evaluation mechanisms. Three neutral factors were identified: the development and refinement of policies and regulations, the implementation of weight management training, and the optimization of the referral process within integrated healthcare systems (medical alliances / communities). Six facilitating factors were identified: the relatively significant advantages of lifestyle interventions, collaboration and coordination across multiple departments, cooperative communication among different units within the institution, the inherent convenience of primary care settings, a strong sense of professional responsibility, and the establishment of multidisciplinary teams. Conclusions The delivery of weight management services in primary medical and healthcare institutions is influenced by a wide array of factors across multiple domains. It requires policy support, multi-department coordination, a practice-oriented training system, optimized team resource allocation, incentives, and improved professional skills of medical staff to jointly promote long-term implementation.

Objective To construct a Type 1 diabetes model in miniature pigs and explore postoperative care strategies for effectively prolonging the survival time of the model pigs.Methods Seven Banna miniature pigs were selected for pancreatectomy.Glucose,vitamins,and antibiotics were administered for 3-5 days after surgery to aid recovery.Blood glucose and urine glucose levels were measured twice a day in the morning and evening to adjust insulin supplementation accordingly.The model pigs were observed daily and records were kept,including orexis,psychosis,weakness,skin ulcer,and feces and urine.Body weight was measured weekly until the death of the model animals.Based on the model pigs'condition,glucose injection and Ringer's lactate solution were administered to supplement nutrition and correct electrolyte imbalances.Results All seven Banna miniature pigs showed typical symptoms of diabetes:random blood glucose levels higher than 11.1 mmol/L after pancreatectomy,far exceeding the average blood glucose level of 6.0 mmol/L in normal pigs;positive urine glucose;and progressive weight loss.These features indicated the successful construction of Type 1 diabetes model.Additionally,Type 1 diabetic pigs that survived more than 8 weeks showed progressive hair loss and skin ulceration.Euthanasia was performed on model pigs when they were unable to stand or even eat independently,and pathological examination and HE staining were conducted on tissues collected from affected organs such as the liver,kidneys,and skin.Pathological sections revealed liver congestion,massive glycogen accumulation,ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes,and progressive liver fibrosis,along with glomerular congestion,vacuolar degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells,proteinuria,dermal congestion,thinning of vascular walls,and varying degrees of parakeratosis and dyskeratosis in the liver,kidneys,and skin tissues due to prolonged hyperglycemia.The average survival time of the constructed Banna miniature pig diabetes model was 44 d,with a maximum survival time of 121 d.Conclusion Type 1 diabetes model can be constructed successfully in Banna miniature pigs through pancreatectomy.With meticulous postoperative care,a long-term Type 1 diabetes model with significant complications can be achieved,providing a stable large-animal model for Type 1 diabetes treatment strategies.

Objective To observe the drainage pathways of interstitial fluid(ISF)and substance clearance pattern in rat brain with fluorescence tracing imaging and treacer-based MRI.Methods Thirty-three male SD rats were randomly divided into fluorescence tracing group(F group,n=18)and treacer-based MRI group(MRI group,n=15),then further divided into thalamic,hippocampal and caudate nucleus subgroups,respectively.Evans blue was injected to rats in F group,and cardiac perfusion was performed after injection,then brain tissue was harvested,and frozen sections were made to observe the drainage pathways of IFS in different subgroups.MRI was performed on rats in MRI group before and after injection of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-DTPA)to observe signal intensity in ROI of brain regions in different subgroups,the signal unit ratio was calculated,and the changing trend was explored.Results ISF in thalamus,hippocampus and caudate nucleus had different dominant drainage pathways,and the time of tracer reached to adjacent brain regions and whole brain in F group were different.In MRI group,within 4 h after injection of Gd-DTPA,there were differences in direction and clearance rate among tracer in thalamus,hippocampus and caudate nucleus,mainly manifesting as the tracer in thalamus and hippocampus drained to the ipsilateral cortex and lateral ventricle,while the tracer in the caudate nucleus diffused to the cortex and midbrain,and there were differences of the peak time of tracer signal among adjacent drainage brain regions.Conclusion Fluorescence and MR dual-mode imaging showed that there were differences in the dominant drainage pathways of IFS and clearance rates of small molecule substances among hypothalamus,hippocampus and caudate nucleus of rats.

Objective:To investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FCN gene on the susceptibility of pre-eclampsia (PE) in Han nationality pregnant women.Methods:A total of 274 PE pregnant women (PE group) and 154 healthy pregnant women (control group) admitted to Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Affiliated Hospital to Southern Medical University from October 2020 to October 2022 were collected. The general information, medical history, reproductive history, blood pressure, body mass index and blood biochemical indicators before delivery were compared between the two groups. Twenty-three SNP loci of FCN gene family were genotyped by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the serum levels of ficolins (ficolin-1, -2 and -3) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the body mass index, mean arterial pressure, gestational age at delivery, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, albumin, and C-reactive protein in the PE group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The levels of N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), placental growth factor (PlGF) and human soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) were significantly different between the two groups (all P<0.05). (2) Among the 23 SNP loci in FCN gene family, 18 loci were in Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, including 5 loci in FCN1 gene, 10 loci in FCN2 gene, and 3 loci in FCN3 gene. Five loci that did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium were not included in the subsequent analysis. Compared with the control group, the genotype distribution of 3 loci of FCN2 gene (rs7872508, rs11103563, rs73664188) and 1 locus of FCN3 gene (rs3813800) in the PE group were significantly different (all P<0.05). After Bonferroni correction, only the genotype distribution of rs7872508 and rs73664188 in FCN2 gene were statistically different between the PE group and the control group (all P<0.05). Further analysis showed that for the rs7872508 locus of FCN2 gene, compared with GG genotype, genotype GT ( OR=3.025, 95% CI: 1.080-8.471) and TT ( OR=4.777, 95% CI: 1.758-12.979) both significantly increased the risk of PE (both P<0.05). For rs73664188 locus of FCN2 gene, compared with TT genotype, genotype TC ( OR=0.510, 95% CI: 0.334-0.778) significantly reduced the risk of PE ( P<0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the serum levels of ficolin-1 and ficolin-2 in pregnant women in the PE group were significantly reduced (both P<0.05), while the level of ficolin-3 showed no significant change ( P=0.271). Correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of ficolin-2 in pregnant women in the PE group were significantly positively correlated with PlGF level ( r=0.321, P<0.001), and significantly negatively correlated with sFlt-1 level ( r=-0.187, P=0.002) and NT-proBNP level ( r=-0.392, P<0.001). Further analysis revealed that the serum levels of ficolin-2 in pregnant women of the PE group with GT and TT genotypes at rs7872508 locus of FCN2 gene were significantly reduced (both P<0.05), while the serum level of ficolin-2 in pregnant women of the PE group with TC genotype at the rs73664188 locus were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The SNP of FCN2 gene in FCN gene family might be related to the susceptibility to PE and have an effect on serum ficolin-2 level in PE pregnant women.

Objective To explore the feasibility and rationality of advanced integrated two-stage laparoscopic simulation training course in standardized training of surgical residents.Methods From December 2019 to December 2021,the advanced integrated two-stage laparoscopic simulation training course was carried out among 2019-2020 surgical residents who received standardized training in our hospital.The course was divided into two stages.In the first stage,BEST(best essential surgical technology training)course,adopted Darwin? endoscopic training system,Tianyan? endoscopic training system,Microport? 3D laparoscopic training system and simple simulative models were used.The second stage,BEST PLUS course,same platform as that in BEST course and in vitro animal models were used.The questionnaire survey method(before and after class questionnaire)was adopted to evaluate the curriculum setting,such as curriculum form,simulators,teaching method,time arrangement,curriculum difficulty,training effect,curriculum satisfaction and so on.Results A total of 37 surgical residents completed the two-stage course training and the questionnaire survey.The overall satisfaction rate with the curriculum setting was 100%.There were 32 residents(86.5%)thought that first stage training course could significantly improve their clinical skills,35 residents(94.6%)thought that second stage training course could significantly improve their clinical skills,and 36 resident(97.3%)thought that the first stage curriculum could significantly help them improve performance in the second stage curriculum.Conclusions The trainees had a high degree of recognition and satisfaction for the advanced integrated two-stage laparoscopic simulation training course.The overall design of course was reasonable and feasible,and was attractive to trainees.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of personalized pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative di-abetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods In this retrospective case study,76 patients(86 eyes)diagnosed with PDR and re-ceiving PPV in the Department of Ophthalmology of Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from October 2019 to November 2022,were divided into the observation group(40 patients,46 eyes)and the control group(36 patients,40 eyes).Patients in the obseration group were treated with personalized PPV,while patients in the control group were treated with conventional PPV,After treatment,all patients were followed up for 12 months.The operation time,intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water resi-dues,proportion of scleral buckling,preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),retinal reattachment rate at 12 months after surgery,and the incidence of post-vitrectomy vitreous hemor-rhage(PVH),diabetic macular edema(DME)and neovascular glaucoma(NVG)were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time of patients in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(both P＜0.05).The incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water residues and the proportion of scleral buckling showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in BCVA preoperatively,3,6 and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).BCVA in the observa-tion group was better than that in the control group at 1 day,1 week and 1 month after surgery(all P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative value,BCVA increased in the observation group at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05);in the control group,BCVA increased slightly at 1 day and 1 week(both P＞0.05)and then increased significantly at 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05).The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in IOP at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal reattachment rate and the inci-dence of complications such as PVH,DME,and NVG between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Personalized PPV can shorten the operation time,reduce the intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,enhance the efficiency of the operation,and rapidly improve the visual acuity of PDR patients.

Objective:To analyze the evaluation of the application effect and deficiency of nurses acting as standardized parents in the graduation examination of standardized residency training of pediatrics and further improve and promote the level of standardized parents.Methods:A questionnaire survey was used to collect the scores of nurse standardized parents by students and examiners who took part in the graduation examination of standardized residency training of pediatrics in 2021. And the self-evaluation scores of standardized parents were collected. Counting data were represented by the number of cases and composition ratio. A Chi-square test was used to compare the rates.Results:A total of 125 questionnaires from students and 37 questionnaires from nurse standardized parents were collected, and the overall satisfaction (very satisfied + satisfied) of standardized parents reached 121 (96.80%). In the three dimensions of simulation ability, compliance with question-and-answer rules, and simulated attitude, students believed that the consistency between standardized parents and actual parents in simulated altitude was lower than that in the simulation ability and compliance with question-and-answer rules ( P=0.007, P=0.001). The overall satisfaction of standardized parents (very satisfied + satisfied) reached 87.38% (388/444). There were 26 (70.27%) nurse standardized parents who had the lowest satisfaction with their own performance ability, followed by 28 (75.68%) cases of imitation ability and 30 (81.08%) cases of adaptability. Conclusions:It is feasible to adopt nurse standardized parents in the assessment of standardized residency training of pediatrics, and both students and examiners have higher satisfaction. The next step is to improve the training of nurses standardized parents in the attitude of simulation and, at the same time, enhance the training of imitation ability and adaptability, so as to further expand the construction of standardized parents.