Objective To study the seasonal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City, and analyze the sources of PAHs pollution, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs in different seasons. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected regularly from January 2019 to December 2023, and 16 types of PAHs were determined by HPLC. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in different years and seasons. The source of PAHs was analyzed by characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA). Health risks were assessed using the BaP equivalent method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. Results The annual exceedance rates of PM_2.5 and BaP in Lianyungang showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023. PM_2.5, total PAHs and PAHs monomers (except Ace, Flu and Acy) all showed significant seasonal differences, with the highest concentration in winter (P<0.001). The average proportion of 4-ring PAHs was the highest and the average proportion of 2-ring PAHs was the lowest. The proportion of 5-6 ring PAHs was relatively high in winter and spring. PM2.5and PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, and were positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. PM_2.5 was negatively correlated with wind speed, while some PAHs monomers were positively correlated with wind speed. The characteristic ratio and PCA results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Lianyungang City were mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources and biomass combustion sources. The results of ILCR showed that the highest risk was found in adults, with males slightly higher than females. In Lianyungang, the maximum value of ILCR in winter was more than 10-6 in people over 9 years old. Conclusion The main sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City are mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources, and biomass combustion sources. Under the current exposure level of PAHs in PM_2.5, residents have a certain potential carcinogenic risk.

Objective To construct large medical model named by "Huaxi HongYi"and explore its application effectiveness in assisting medical record generation. Methods By the way of a full-chain medical large model construction paradigm of "data annotation - model training - scenario incubation", through strategies such as multimodal data fusion, domain adaptation training, and localization of hardware adaptation, "Huaxi HongYi" with 72 billion parameters was constructed. Combined with technologies such as speech recognition, knowledge graphs, and reinforcement learning, an application system for assisting in the generation of medical records was developed. Results Taking the assisted generation of discharge records as an example, in the pilot department, after using the application system, the average completion times of writing a medical records shortened (21 min vs. 5 min) with efficiency increased by 3.2 time, the accuracy rate of the model output reached 92.4%. Conclusion It is feasible for medical institutions to build independently controllable medical large models and incubate various applications based on these models, providing a reference pathway for artificial intelligence development in similar institutions.

OBJECTIVE: To explore, identify, and develop novel blood-based indicators using machine learning algorithms for accurate preoperative assessment and effective prediction of postoperative complication risks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including RA patients who underwent unilateral TKA between January 2019 and December 2024. Inpatient and 30-day postoperative outpatient follow-up data were collected. Six machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine, were used to construct predictive models. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1-score, accuracy, precision, and recall. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were employed to interpret and rank the importance of individual variables. RESULTS: According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 1 548 patients were enrolled. Ultimately, 18 preoperative indicators were identified as effective predictive features, and 8 postoperative complications were defined as prediction labels for inclusion in the study. Within 30 days after surgery, 453 patients (29.2%) developed one or more complications. Considering overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, the random forest model [AUC=0.930, 95% CI (0.910, 0.950)] and the extreme gradient boosting model [AUC=0.909, 95% CI (0.880, 0.938)] demonstrated the best predictive performance. SHAP analysis revealed that anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, interleukin-6, body mass index, age, and smoking status made significant contributions to the overall prediction of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION Machine learning-based models enable accurate prediction of postoperative complication risks among RA patients undergoing TKA. Inflammatory and immune-related blood biomarkers, such as anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor, interleukin-6, play key predictive roles, highlighting their potential value in perioperative risk stratification and individualized management.
Humans ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood* ; Machine Learning ; Postoperative Complications/blood* ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Preoperative Period ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis* ; Risk Assessment

An ideal dermal filler should integrate filling, repair, and anti-aging effects, with immediate tissue augmentation, slow degradation, and progressive stimulation of collagen regeneration. However, commonly used hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, while effective for rapid filling, suffer from limited duration of support, weak cell adhesion, and an inability to promote collagen regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein from silkworm cocoons, is known for its excellent cell adhesion and collagen-stimulating abilities. However, its limited gelation capability restricts its potential application as a standalone injectable hydrogel. Based on a complementary strategy, this study combines the rapid gelling properties of HA with the collagen regenerative properties of SF to create a co-crosslinked HA-SF hydrogel. The composite hydrogel merges HA's rapid filling effect with SF's strong tissue adhesion and collagen-stimulating abilities. The formulation, physicochemical properties, degradation, biocompatibility, and filling effects of the HA-SF hydrogel were systematically investigated. HA-SF hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties and ensures long-term support while maintaining injectability. Interestingly, after intradermal injection in the UVB-induced photoaging model, HA-SF hydrogel not only enhances hydrogel-cell interaction but also continues to stimulate collagen regeneration, especially type III collagen. This dual action achieves the biological effects of repair and anti-aging while maintaining the filling effect. Proteomic analysis confirms that repair and anti-aging effects are enhanced by the regulation of skin fibroblasts and modulation of amino acid and lipid metabolism. This composite hydrogel holds strong promise for clinical applications, offering a safer, long-lasting, and more natural injectable filler that combines filling, repair, and anti-aging into one system.

Sennoside A (SA), a typical prodrug, exerts its laxative effect only after its transformation into rheinanthrone catalyzed by gut microbial hydrolases and reductases. Hydrolases have been identified, but reductases remain unknown. By linking a photoreactive group to the SA scaffold, we synthesized a photoaffinity probe to covalently label SA reductases and identified SA reductases using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). From lysates of an active strain, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (B. pseudocatenulatum), 397 proteins were enriched and subsequently identified using mass spectrometry (MS). Among these proteins, chromate reductase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) phosphate (NADPH)-dependent flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reductase/oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase (nfrA) was identified as a potent SA reductase through further bioinformatic analysis and The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database screening. We also determined that recombinant nfrA could reduce SA. Our study contributes to further illuminating mechanisms of SA transformation to rheinanthrone and simultaneously offers an effective method to identify gut bacterial reductases.

Calcium-based biomaterials have been intensively studied in the field of drug delivery owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Calcium-based materials can also deliver contrast agents, which can enhance real-time imaging and exert a Ca²⁺-interfering therapeutic effect. Based on these characteristics, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a brunch of calcium-based biomaterials, has the potential to become a widely used biomaterial. Highly functional ACC can be either discovered in natural organisms or obtained by chemical synthesis However, the standalone presence of ACC is unstable in vivo. Additives are required to be used as stabilizers or core-shell structures formed by permeable layers or lipids with modified molecules constructed to maintain the stability of ACC until the ACC carrier reaches its destination. ACC has high chemical instability and can produce biocompatible products when exposed to an acidic condition in vivo, such as Ca²⁺ with an immune-regulating ability and CO₂ with an imaging-enhancing ability. Owing to these characteristics, ACC has been studied for self-sacrificing templates of carrier construction, targeted delivery of oncology drugs, immunomodulation, tumor imaging, tissue engineering, and calcium supplementation. Emphasis in this paper has been placed on the origin, structural features, and multiple applications of ACC. Meanwhile, ACC faces many challenges in clinical translation, and long-term basic research is required to overcome these challenges. We hope that this study will contribute to future innovative research on ACC.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and malignancy of red-patch like lesion(RPL)during cystoscopy,and to explore the significance of RPL biopsy.Methods Clinical data of patients who had RPL detected in our hospital during Jan.2019 and Jun.2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including gender,age,cause of examination,presence of scars,complications and biopsy pathology.The patients were divided into the benign and malignant groups,and their clinical and RPL characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 521 cases of RPL were enrolled including 416(79.8％)benign cases,and 105(20.2％)malignant cases.The averae age of the malignant group was higher than the benign group's[(66.8±12.2)years vs.(62.8±12.9)years,P=0.005].The malignant detection rate of RPL in postoperative follow-up patients,those with hematuria and those with lower urinary tract symptoms was 23.7％(92/389),19.6％(9/46),4.7％(4/86),respectively.According to direct observation and experience,the detection rate of pathological malignancy in the three groups of patients with high suspicion of RPL malignancy,mild suspicion of RPL malignancy and high probability of benign was 56.9％(37/65),37.0％(30/81)and 10.1％(38/375),respectively.Conclusion Once RPL is detected during cystoscopy,active biopsy should be performed.For elderly male patients undergoing postoperative follow-up,RPL biopsy is particularly important,especially when the lesion is located on or near the scar surface.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation process of sinomenine microemulsion and evaluate its pharmacodynamics.METHODS HPLC method for sinomenine content determination was established,and sinomenine microemulsion prescription was in-itially screened by solubility test and pseudo-ternary phase diagram.D-optimal mixing experimental design method was used to optimize sinomenine microemulsion prescription with particle size and drug load as investigation indexes,and its particle size,drug load and sta-bility were evaluated.Transdermal absorption was investigated by transdermal test in vitro,and the anti-inflammatory effect was evalua-ted by ear swelling test.RESULTS With methanol:0.1%phosphoric acid(40 ∶ 60)as the mobile phase,the detection wavelength was 262 nm,and the method was suitable for the determination of sinomenine.The optimal formula of microemulsion was obtained as castor oil(7.0%),PEG40 hydrogenated castor oil/anhydrous ethanol(69.0%),the optimal Km value was 3∶1,and distilled water(24.0%).The average particle size of the microemulsion was 18.76 nm,the PDI was 0.072 and the drug loading was 5.225%.The cumulative permeability of 1.0%sinomenine microemulsion at 12 h was 1.223 4 μg·cm-2,and the steady permeability rate was 0.0649 μg·cm-2·h-1,which was better than sinomenine solution.The inhibitory rate of sinomenine microemulsion was 65.07%,which was similar to dexamethasone.CONCLUSION The preparation of sinomenine microemulsion has the advantages of stable process,high drug loading,good transdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effect,which can provide reference for the development of sinomenine transdermal drug delivery preparation.

Objective:To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for bacteriophage D29 LysinB/Holin fusion protein and study its bactericidal efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) in a cell infection model. Methods:A recombinant plasmid pET32a-LysinB was constructed and induced to express LysinB. The polyclonal antibody against LysinB was prepared after the purification of LysinB. A recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+ )-LysinB/Holin was constructed and transfected into mononuclear macrophages RAW264.7. After the expression of the prepared polyclonal antibody was identified, a cell infection model was established and the bactericidal efficacy of LysinB/Holin fusion protein was measured by acid-fast staining and colony counting.Results:The polyclonal antibody against LysinB was successfully prepared. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+ )-LysinB/Holin could effectively express LysinB/Holin fusion protein in eukaryotic cells without inducing significant cytotoxicity. LysinB/Holin fusion protein was effective in killing Mtb in cells. Conclusions:The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+ )-LysinB/Holin has a better killing effect on intracellular Mtb without inducing obvious cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, showing a potential in the treatment of tuberculosis.

To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.