To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Metabolic reprogramming， as one of the core hallmarks of malignant tumors， plays a key role in the occurrence， development and treatment of breast cancer （BC）. Abnormal changes in glucose metabolism， amino acid metabolism， lipid metabolism， as well as the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle and oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） pathways significantly influence the pathogenesis and progression of BC. Studies have shown that various active components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） （such as berberine， matrine， quercetin， curcumin， etc.） and their compound formulations （e.g. Xihuang pill， Danzhi xiaoyao powder， Yanghe decoction， etc.） can inhibit the proliferation and migration of BC cells and induce apoptosis by regulating key metabolic pathways such as glycolysis， lipid synthesis， and amino acid metabolism. TCM demonstrates multi-target and holistic regulatory advantages in intervening in BC metabolic reprogramming， showing significant potential in modulating key molecules like hypoxia inducible factor-1α， hexokinase-2， pyruvate kinase M2， lactate dehydrogenase A， glucose transporter-1， fatty acid synthase， and signaling pathways such as AKT/mTOR. However， current researches still focus predominantly on glucose metabolism， with insufficient mechanistic studies on lipid metabolism， amino acid metabolism， the TCA cycle， and OXPHOS. The precise targets， molecular mechanisms， and clinical translation value of these interventions require further validation and clarification through more high-quality experimental studies and clinical trials.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are drugs that target and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. By blocking the signaling pathway of VEGF and its receptor, they suppress tumor proliferation and play a crucial role in tumor treatment. However, their side effects, such as hypertension, proteinuria, hand-foot skin reactions, and myelosuppression, during treatment seriously affect patients' treatment compliance and quality of life. The development of intervention strategies for the side effects of VEGF inhibitors is of great importance for tumor treatment. This article reviews the clinical characteristics and toxic mechanisms of common side effects caused by VEGF inhibitors during tumor treatment and summarizes intervention strategies that combine traditional Chinese and Western medicines. Drug dosages were precisely monitored and adjusted to achieve antitumor treatment. Patients' discomfort symptoms are improved through prescriptions that act by tonifying qi and promoting blood circulation, strengthening the spleen, and tonifying the kidney. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicines is used to treat patients, thus providing a safe and effective treatment plan for patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant mechanism of Wenyang jieyu granules （WYJYG） via the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3）/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）/Caspase-1 pathway. METHODS A rat model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with single-housing for 42 consecutive days.The experiment set up blank group， model group， MCC950 （NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor） group （10 mg/kg）， fluoxetine group （positive control，2.08 mg/kg），low-dose WYJYG（3.78 g/kg） and high-dose WYJYG group （7.56 g/kg），with 10 rats in each group. From the 22nd day of the experiment， rats in the fluoxetine group， low-dose and high-dose WYJYG groups were intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs and intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of normal saline. Rats in the MCC950 group were intraperitoneally injected with MCC950 at the corresponding concentration and intragastrically administered with an equal volume of distilled water. Rats in the blank group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage and an equal volume of normal saline by intraperitoneal injection. All interventions were performed once a day for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were conducted once a week. After the last administration， the contents of ASC， ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba1）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and IL-18 in hippocampal tissues were detected. The protein expressions of NLRP3， cluster of differentiation 68 （CD68）， Caspase-1， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein were determined， and neuronal apoptosis was observed. RESULTS After the last administration， compared with the model group， the open-field activity time was significantly prolonged （ P ＜0.05）， and the latency to feed in a novel environment was significantly shortened （ P ＜0.05） in rats of the high-dose WYJYG group. In hippocampal tissue， the contents of ASC， Iba1， IL-1β， and IL-18， as well as the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and CD68， and the positive rate of neuronal apoptosis were all significantly decreased/downregulated （ P ＜0.05）. Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly upregulated （ P ＜0.05）， and the density of neuronal apoptosis-positive cells was significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS WYJYG play on antidepressant role by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway， reducing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation， and inhibiting hippocampal neurons apoptosis.

Objective To explore the predictive value of different degrees of delirium after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) for perioperative myocardial infarction (MI). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent OPCABG in the First Department of Cardiac Surgery at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between April 2018 and March 2024. Patients were divided into a mild delirium group, a moderate delirium group, and a severe delirium group based on the degree of delirium, and into a MI group and a non-MI group based on the occurrence of perioperative MI. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the predictive factors for secondary MI after OPCABG. The predictive value of different degrees of postoperative delirium for secondary perioperative MI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results A total of 436 patients were included, with 211 males and 225 females, and a median age of 51.00 (44.00, 57.75) years. Delirium occurred in 139 patients, with 52 in the mild delirium group, 29 in the moderate delirium group, and 58 in the severe delirium group. There were 101 patients in the MI group and 335 patients in the non-MI group. Logistic regression analysis showed that severe delirium was an independent predictor of secondary MI after OPCABG [OR=23.979, 95%CI (11.572, 49.691), P<0.001]. ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve for predicting perioperative MI by severe postoperative delirium was 0.709, with a sensitivity of 0.546 and a specificity of 0.964. Conclusion Severe postoperative delirium can be used as an indicator to predict secondary MI after OPCABG.

ObjectiveTo construct an evaluation index system for public health emergency response capacity within the healthcare-associated infection prevention and control systems using the Delphi method, and to provide a basis for infection control management in municipal hospitals. MethodsBased on literature analyses and theoretical researches, a preliminary evaluation index system for response capacity was constructed. The Delphi method was employed to conduct two rounds of consultation with 17 experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate the weights of the indicators. ResultsThe effective questionnaire return rates for both rounds of expert consultation were 100%. The expert authority coefficients for the first and second rounds were 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. Kendall’s W coefficients ranged from 0.31 to 0.58 in the first round and from 0.45 to 0.58 in the second round, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.01). After two rounds of expert consultation, the municipal-level hospital infection prevention and control system emergency response capacity evaluation index system was finalized, comprising 5 first-level indicators, 18 second-level indicators and 59 third-level indicators. ConclusionThe constructed public health emergency response capacity evaluation index system for municipal-level hospital infection prevention and control systems demonstrates strong scientific rigor, reliability, and practicality, providing a theoretical foundation and valuable reference for enhancing the infection prevention and control capacity of municipal-level hospitals.

Objective To develop and validate a machine learning model based on preoperative clinical characteristics, laboratory indices, and radiological features for the non-invasive prediction of spread through air spaces (STAS) in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Preoperative data from patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between January 2020 and August 2025 were retrospectively collected. The data included clinical characteristics, laboratory indices, and radiological features. Patients were divided into a STAS-positive and a STAS-negative group based on postoperative pathological findings. The dataset was randomly split into a training set and a testing set at a 7 : 3 ratio. Feature variables were selected using the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (mRMR) algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Five machine learning models were constructed: logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). The shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was employed to interpret the optimal prediction model. Results A total of 377 patients were included, comprising 177 (46.9%) males and 200 (53.1%) females, with a mean age of (63.31±9.73) years. There were 261 patients in the training set and 116 patients in the testing set. In the training set, statistically significant differences were observed between the STAS-positive group (n=130) and STAS-negative group (n=131) across multiple features, including age, sex, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), clinical T stage, and maximum solid component diameter (P<0.05). A final set of 10 feature variables was selected by combining mRMR and LASSO regression, and five machine learning models (LR, RF, SVM, LightGBM, XGBoost) were developed. The XGBoost model demonstrated optimal performance in both the training and testing sets, achieving AUCs of 0.947 [95%CI (0.920, 0.975)] and 0.943 [95%CI (0.894, 0.993)], respectively. DCA indicated that the XGBoost model provided a high net clinical benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities. SHAP analysis revealed that the vessel convergence sign, clinical T stage, age, consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), and MLR were the features with the highest contributions to STAS prediction. Conclusion The XGBoost model effectively predicts preoperative STAS status in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, exhibiting excellent discriminative performance and good clinical interpretability. Key predictors such as the vessel convergence sign, clinical T stage, age and CTR provide a crucial reference for preoperative risk assessment and the individualized selection of surgical strategies, ultimately benefiting patients.

Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus is a Chinese medicinal material used for clearing heat， detoxicifying， resolving phlegm， and dissipating nodules. It is derived from Cremastra appendiculata， Pleione bulbocodioides， or Pleione yunnanensis， as recorded in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China， with the former known as Maocigu and the latter two known as Bingqiuzi. Current antitumor studies mainly focus on polysaccharides， water-extracted alcohol-precipitated fractions， and purified extracts of C. appendiculata. Structurally characterized glucomannans suppress breast and liver tumor xenografts and exhibit immunomodulatory effects. The water-extracted alcohol-precipitated fractions inhibit tumor angiogenesis in hepatoma-bearing mice. A purified C. appendiculata extract standardized to five phenanthrene and bibenzyl constituents induces mitochondrial apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Reported pharmacological effects involve cell-cycle regulation， apoptosis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition， angiogenesis， autophagy， and the tumor immune microenvironment， with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR）， Wnt/β-catenin， and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathways being the major mechanism links. Quality evaluation of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus has progressed from single-marker assays to an integrated approach involving botanical authentication， chromatographic fingerprinting， multicomponent analysis， and evaluation of associations between blood-absorbed constituents and antitumor effects. Militarine and dactylorhin A can be used for botanical identification and batch evaluation， and in vivo exposure data from related orchids are concentrated on militarine. Quantitative associations between these constituents and antitumor effects remain to be established. Clinical evidence mainly focuses on formula-based applications and expert experience. Comparative antitumor data in hepatoma models are available for the commercial specifications of Maocigu and Bingqiuzi， whereas parallel evaluations of pharmacological effects， safety windows， and drug interactions among the three official botanical origins remain insufficient. The major limitations are the incomplete standardization of botanical origins and preparations and the lack of quantitative links among quality markers， systemic exposure， antitumor effects， and toxicity endpoints， which constrain reproducible pharmacological evaluation and clinical translation of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus/Pleiones Pseudobulbus.

Abstract: To study the protective effect of asiaticoside(AS) on Isoproterenol Hydrochloride(ISO)-induced myocardial injury in mice. Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control(CON) group, model group [ISO,ISO 10/(kg·d)], Low dose group [ISO+AS-L,ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 5 mg/(kg·d)], Medium dose group [ISO+AS-M, ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 10 mg/(kg·d)], High dose group [ISO+AS-H, ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 20 mg/(kg·d)]. Heart mass ratio was counted; changes were observed in electrocardiogram; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β and cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) in serum; Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis of mouse myocardial tissue; Western blot was used to detect the ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels(Bax/Bcl-2) and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and NLRP3 proteins in myocardial tissue; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels ofANP,BNP,β-MHC,TNF-α, IL-6, Type Ⅰ collagen(COLⅠ), and Type Ⅲ collagen(COLⅢ). Results: Compared with the CON group, the ISO group had an elevated heart-to-mass ratio(P<0.01), a lower heart rate(P<0.05), a prolonged QT interval(P<0.05), elevated expression of myocardial injury markers cTn-T,ANP,BNP, andβ-MHC(P<0.01); increased expression of IL-1β in the serum(P<0.01), increased expression ofTNF-αin the cardiac tissue and increasedIL-6expression(P<0.001), and NLRP3 protein expression was elevated(P<0.05); myocardium showed a large number of collagen fibers bluish staining(P<0.001),COLⅠ,COLⅢmRNA expression levels increased(P<0.001), and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio(P<0.001) and Caspase-3 expression were significantly elevated(P<0.05). Compared with ISO group, heart-to-mass ratio of mice in ISO+AS-L and ISO+AS-M groups decreased(P<0.05), heart rate increased, QT interval was shortened, cTn-T, ANP, BNP and β-MHC decreased(P<0.001), myocardial collagen fiber blue-staining decreased(P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels ofCOLⅠandCOLⅢdecreased(P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased(P<0.01). NLRP3, Caspase-3 protein expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased(P<0.05). The expression level ofIL-6in ISO+AS-M group decreased(P<0.01). The expression levels ofANP,BNP, andTNF-αmRNA expression were reduced in the ISO+AS-H group(P<0.001); the degree of myocardial fibrosis was improved(P<0.05), and the expression levels ofCOLⅠandCOLⅢmRNA were reduced(P<0.05). Conclusion AS has a protective effect against ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice by ameliorating cardiac fibrosis, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating myocardial tissue inflammatory response.

Background: Normalized creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (NCCR) was reported to approximate relative skeletal muscle mass and diabetes risk. However, the association between NCCR and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore their relationship in a large-scale prospective cohort. Methods: This study included 5,849 middle-age and older participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) enrolled between 2011 and 2012. The baseline NCCR was determined as creatinine (mg/dL)/cystatin C (mg/L)×10/body mass (kg). CMM was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of two or more of the following conditions: heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were employed to estimate the relationship between NCCR and CMM. The joint effect of body mass index and NCCR on the risk of CMM were further analyzed. Results: During a median 4-year follow-up, 227 (3.9%) participants developed CMM. The risk of CMM was significantly decreased with per standard deviation increase of NCCR (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.62 to 0.85) after adjustment for confounders (P<0.001). Further sex-specific analysis found significant negative associations between NCCR and CMM in female either without or with one CMM component at baseline, which was attenuated in males but remained statistically significant among those with one basal CMM component. Notably, non-obese individuals with high NCCR levels had the lowest CMM risk compared to obese counterparts with low NCCR levels in both genders. Conclusion High NCCR was independently associated with reduced risk of CMM in middle-aged and older adults in China, particularly females.