ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) combined with upper limb robot on upper limb dysfunction in patients with ischemic stroke. MethodsFrom January, 2023 to March, 2024, 56 inpatients with upper limb dysfunction after ischemic stroke were selected from Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, and divided into control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 28) randomly. All the patients received comprehensive treatment and upper limb robot training, while the control group received sham HD-tDCS and the experimental group received HD-tDCS, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after treatment. The cortical amplitude, cortical latency and central motor conduction time (CMCT) of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor-evoked potential (MEP) were recorded, and a correlation analysis was conducted. ResultsThe scores of FMA-UE, WMFT and MBI, and MEP cortical amplitude, cortical latency and CMCT improved in both groups after treatment (t > 3.177, P < 0.01), and they were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 3.610, P < 0.01). The scores of FMA-UE and WMFT negatively correlated with MEP cortical latency and CMCT, and positively correlated with MEP cortical amplitude (|r| > 0.448, P < 0.001). ConclusionHD-tDCS is effective on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living for patients with ischemic stroke, and can improve corticospinal motor conduction.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for improving HFMD prevention and control measures. Methods: Data on HFMD cases in Huzhou City from 2013 to 2023 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD cases were described. Results: A total of 61 093 HFMD cases were reported in Huzhou City from 2013 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 181.89/100 000, showing no significant trend (AAPC=1.855%, P>0.05). The peak incidence of HFMD was reported from May to July, with a second peak from October to December. The average annual reported incidence of HFMD in males was higher than in females (206.93/100 000 vs. 155.74/100 000, P<0.05). The majority of cases were children aged under 5 years, with 48 936 cases (80.10%). The highest average annual reported incidence was observed in the children aged 1 year (5 767.62/100 000). The majority of cases were scattered children, with 33 508 cases (54.85%). Anji County and Wuxing District had relatively high average annual reported incidences of HFMD, at 211.68/100 000 and 210.43/100 000, respectively. Among the 2 791 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases, 246, 600, and 1 945 cases tested positive for enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16, and other enteroviruses, respectively. Children aged under 5 years accounted for 87.39%, 75.67%, and 82.57% of the cases positive for the corresponding virus types, respectively. From 2013 to 2023, other enteroviruses had a relatively high positive proportion, while the positive proportion of EV71 decreased after 2014. Conclusions The reported incidence of HFMD in Huzhou City remained relatively stable. The peak incidence occurred from May to July. Males, children aged under 5 years, and scattered children were the key populations for prevention and control. Anji County and Wuxing District were high-incidence areas, and other enteroviruses were the predominant pathogens.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide a reference for the improvement of influenza prevention and control measures. Methods: The data of influenza cases in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population and regional distribution characteristics of influenza. Annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were used to analyze the trend of influenza incidence in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023. Results: A total of 83 277 influenza cases were reported in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 268.68/105. From 2014 to 2023, the reported incidence of influenza in Huzhou City showed an upward trend (AAPC=68.748%, P<0.05), with a slow upward trend from 2014 to 2021 (APC=31.055%, P<0.05) and a sharp upward trend from 2021 to 2023 (APC=308.782%, P<0.05). The average annual reported incidence of influenza was 270.72/105 in males and 266.54/105 in females, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average annual reported incidence of influenza in children aged 5-<15 years was 1 502.77/100 000. The reported incidences of influenza in Deqing county, Changxing county, and Anji county were 551.44/100 000, 370.47/100 000, and 175.31/100 000, respectively. From 2014 to 2023, the trends of reported influenza incidence in males, females, residents aged 5-<15 years, and 15-<25 years were consistent with the whole population. The reported influenza incidence in each district (county) from 2021 to 2023 was consistent with Huzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Conclusions The reported incidence of influenza in Huzhou City showed an overall upward trend from 2014 to 2023, especially from 2021 to 2023. There was no significant gender difference. The majority of the cases were aged 5-<15 years, and the high incidence areas were Deqing County.

Objective : To understand the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of respiratory infectious disease prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data pertaining to notifiable respiratory infectious disease in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022 were collected through the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious disease was analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. : Results Conclusions: A total of 31 314 cases of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases were reported in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 169.12/105. The reported incidence of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022 (P<0.05). The top six reported diseases in terms of case numbers were influenza (20 048 cases), tuberculosis (6 920 cases), COVID-19 (1 893 cases), mumps (1 413 cases), pertussis (475 cases) and scarlet fever (442 cases), accounting for 99.61% of the total cases. The incidence of influenza, COVID-19 and pertussis showed a tendency towards a rise, the incidence of mumps and tuberculosis showed a tendency towards a decline (all P<0.05), and scarlet fever remained at a low-level incidence (P>0.05). Respiratory infectious diseases were mainly reported in winter (January, February and December), with 14 644 cases accounting for 46.77%. There were 15 068 cases reported in schools and kindergartens, accounting for 48.12%. The incidence showed a U-shaped variation with age, with the highest incidence in residents at ages of 10 years and below (987.68/105), and showing a tendency towards a rise in residents at ages of 60 years and above. The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022 increased significantly. Influenza, tuberculosis, COVID-19, mumps and pertussis are key notifiable respiratory infectious diseases. Residents at ages of 10 years and below and 60 years and above should be given a high priority for respiratory infectious disease control.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating of prevention and control measures for OID. Methods: Data of OID in Huzhou City from 2013 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of OID cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 111 455 cases of OID were reported in Huzhou City from 2013 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 331.82/105, showing a decreasing trend (P<0.05). The peak incidence of OID was reported from July to August and from November to February of the following year, primarily due to bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively. Changxing County had the highest reported incidence of OID (660.62/105), while Anji County had the lowest (188.92/105). Among the reported cases, 58 259 were male and 53 196 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.10∶1. The highest incidence was observed in children aged under 1 year (4 545.70/105). The majority of cases were scattered children, with 36 933 cases (33.14%). There were 22 639 cases with clear pathogens, and rotavirus was the most common, with 16 953 cases (74.88%). Conclusions The overall incidence of OID in Huzhou City showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2023. OID peaked in summer and winter and was primarily observed in children aged 1 year below and scattered children. Rotavirus infection was the dominant etiology.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimizing infectious disease surveillance and control. Methods: Data of notifiable infectious disease cases in Huzhou City from 2005 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Trends in incidence were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). The population distribution and seasonal characteristics were descriptively analyzed. Results: From 2005 to 2023, a total of 504 283 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Huzhou City, with an annual crude incidence rate of 892.65/105 and a standardized incidence rate of 989.21/105. The incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Huzhou City showed an upward trend (AAPC=8.886%, P<0.05), of which there was an obvious upward trend from 2021 to 2023 (APC=95.996%, P<0.05). After the removal of COVID-19 incidence, the incidence trend was basically unchanged (AAPC=7.970%, P<0.05). From 2005 to 2023, the incidence rate of class A and B notifiable infectious diseases showed no obvious trend (P>0.05), and the incidence rate of class A and B respiratory infectious diseases showed an upward trend (AAPC=6.958%, P<0.05). After the removal of COVID-19 incidence, the two showed a downward trend (AAPC=-7.680% and -8.660%, both P<0.05). The incidence rate of class A and class B intestinal infectious diseases, blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases showed a downward trend (AAPC=-14.849% and -5.977%, both P<0.05), while the incidence rates of natural and insect-borne infectious diseases did not show a significant trend (P>0.05). The overall incidence rate of class C infectious diseases showed an upward trend (AAPC=13.058%, P<0.05). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of notifiable infectious diseases between males and females was 1.26 (95%CI: 1.25-1.27). A total of 204 043 cases under 10 years were reported, accounting for 40.46%. The peak incidence of class A and B respiratory infectious diseases was in January, May and June, while that of class A and B intestinal infectious diseases was from June to October. The peak incidence of class C respiratory infectious diseases was in January, March, April and December, while that of class C intestinal infectious diseases was from May to August and from November to December. Conclusions The incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Huzhou City showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2023, which was more obvious from 2021 to 2023. Men and children under 10 years were the high-risk population. The incidence of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases had obvious seasonal characteristics.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency in the treatment of overactive bladder(OAB).Methods:A prospective, multicenter, non-randomized controlled trial was conducted. Eligible patients were divided into test group and control group in Zhejiang Provincial People’Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2019 to June 2020. Inclusion criteria: patients diagnosed with OAB, and bladder capacity>100ml. Exclusion criteria: pregnant and lactating women; patients with secondary OAB symptoms such as urinary tract obstruction; patients with uncontrolled urinary tract infection within 1 week; patients in stable stage by using other treatment methods; patients implanted with any nerve stimulator, cardiac pacemaker or implantable defibrillator; patients with malignant tumors, serious cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, renal insufficiency or received BTX treatment in recent 12 months. The patients were allocated to test group and the control group in a ratio of 2∶1 according to the time sequence of the visit. The patients in the test group were treated with radiofrequency treatment. After entering the group, they were treated for 4 times at the 1st, 2nd, 7th and 8th week respectively. In the control group, the energy was turned off during the radiofrequency treatment. The patients were followed-up every week until the end of the 12th week. The treatment success rate [the average frequency of urination in 24 h was reduced more than 50% from the baseline or returned to the normal (≤8 times/day) or the average frequency of urgent urination in 24 h was reduced more than 50% from the baseline], the frequency of urination, urgent urination and nocturnal urination before and after treatment, the residual urine volume of the bladder, the quality of life (QOL) score and the occurrence of catheter related adverse events in two groups were compared.Results:114 patients were enrolled in the study, including 76 patients in the test group and 38 patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in the age [(44.2±12.8) vs. (41.7 ± 12.1) years old], male female ratio (13/63 vs. 4/34), average course of disease [2.0(1.2, 5.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) years], the frequency of urination[12.8 (10.6, 16.8) vs. 12.8 (10.3, 17.0) times], urgency urination [11.8(9.3, 15.8) vs. 11.8 (9.0, 17.0) times], nocturia [2.7 (1.3, 3.7) vs. 2.3(0.7, 3.3) times], residual urine volume of bladder [12.0 (3.0, 28.0) vs. 14.0 (3.7, 20.0) ml ] and the QOL score [5.0(4.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(4.0, 5.0)]before the treatment between the two groups ( P>0.05). The treatment success rate in the test group was 76.3% (58/76), while 26.3% (10/38) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). There were significant differences between the test group and control group in the frequency of urination [9.7 (7.7, 12.0) vs. 12.9 (9.6, 15.7) times], urgent urination [7.3 (5.0, 10.0) vs. 11.7 (7.3, 15.3) times], nocturia [1.3 (0.7, 2.0) vs. 1.7 (1.0, 3.0) times] and the QOL score of the patients[3.0(1.0, 3.0) vs. 4.0(3.0, 4.5)]after the treatment(all P<0.05). The frequency of urination, urgency urination, nocturia, the residual urine volume and the QOL score in the test group were significantly improved ( P<0.05) after the treatment.The frequency of urination, nocturia, residual urine volume and the QOL score in the control group were improved ( P<0.05) after the treatment. 13 (11.4%) patients had catheter related adverse events. In the test group and the control group, there were 7 cases of macroscopic hemorrhage caused by the placement of instruments (5/76 vs. 2/38), 5 cases of acute urinary tract infection within 3 days (3/76 vs. 2/38), and 1 case of instrument breakage (catheter breakage) (0/76 vs. 1/38). There were no significant differences in the adverse events between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions:Radiofrequency treatment of OAB can effectively improve the symptoms of patients, improve the QOL of patients, and has low incidence of adverse events, with good efficacy and safety.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of pertussis control measures. Methods: The data of reported pertussis cases in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2022 were collected through the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distributions of pertussis cases in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 499 pertussis patients were reported in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2022, with mean annual reported incidence of 1.508/105, and no death was reported. The reported incidence of pertussis remained at a low level in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, all below 1/105, and increased to 12.625/105 in 2022. The reported incidence of pertussis appeared an overall tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 (Z=-29.261, P<0.001). The incidence of pertussis peaked from June to July, and a relatively higher incidence rate of pertussis was reported in Deqing (6.359/105) and Anji counties (1.725/105), while higher incidence was found among children at ages of <1 year (30.566/105), 4 years (31.896/105) and 5 years (29.485/105). Conclusion The reported incidence of pertussis was at a low level in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and increased sharply in 2022. The incidence of pertussis peaked from June to July, was concentrated in Deqing and Anji counties and higher among infants under one year of age and preschool children at ages of 4 to 5 years.

Objective:To reveal the mechanism of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and its disassembled formula for improving the skin barrier function in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods:Sixty specific-pathogen free male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,whole formula group (WF),exterior-releasing formula group (ERF),interior-clearing for-mula group (ICF),and positive control group (PC).A mouse model of AD was established using the semi-antigen 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene induction method.The lesion scores,transepidermal water loss and pH,and skin histopathology of mice in each group were observed.The expressions of filaggrin,loricrin,and involucrin were detected by the streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemical method and western blotting,and their mRNA expressions were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:Mice in the WF,ERF,ICF,and PC groups showed reduced skin lesion performance,improved histopathology,decreased skin lesion score,transepidermal water loss and pH,and upregulated ex-pressions of proteins including filaggrin,loricrin,and involucrin,and their mRNAs.The most obvious regulatory effect was observed in the WF group,followed by the ICF,ERF,and PC groups,accordingly.Conclusions:Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and its disassembled formula can improve the skin barrier function in a mouse model of AD by upregulating filaggrin,loricrin,and involucrin,and their mRNA expressions,and the most optimal effect was noted in the WF group,followed by the ICF and ERF groups,which suggests that the effect of clearing heat and resolving dampness in improving the skin barrier function of AD is more obvious and is one of the key treatments for AD.