Objective: To analyze the association between insufficient sleep and score of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a scientific reference for targeted early intervention measures of adolescents depressive symptoms. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 96 080 junior and senior high school students from 409 schools in 113 districts and counties in Shaanxi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the 2023 Shaanxi Provincial Common Student Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Survey Form, and their height and weight were measured. Propensity score (PS) matched (1∶1) analysis was used to match participants with insufficient sleep to those sufficient sleep students. Through the gradual correction of the confounders, three multilevel linear models were established to analyze the association between insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms score, and subgroup analysis was conducted afterward. Results: A total of 70 135 (73.00%) students had insufficient sleep. After PS matching, 25 894 pairs were matched. Before PS matching, after adjusting for gender, educational stage, region, adolescent characteristics, boarding status, smoking, alcohol consumption, outdoor activities and body mass index grouping, linear regression analysis results showed that compared with students who got adequate sleep, students who lacked sleep had an increase of 1.39 scores ( B=1.39, 95%CI =1.28-1.51) in depressive symptoms; after PS matching, students with insufficient sleep got an increase of 1.32 scores ( B=1.32, 95%CI =1.17- 1.45 ) in depressive symptoms score compared with those who had adequate sleep (both P <0.05). Conclusions The insufficient sleep is associated with the increase of the depressive symptoms score of junior and senior high school students. It is recommended that junior and senior high school students should keep a good sleeping habit, so as to reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Objective: To analyze the trends, gender, and age differences in the incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from 1990 to 2021 and predict future incidence trends, providing a scientific basis for disease prevention and public health policy. Methods: Incidence data of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess temporal trends, the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) model was used to predict incidence trends from 2022 to 2044. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population increased from 2.39/100 000 to 3.76/100 000, and the crude incidence rate rose from 1.71/100 000 to 4.85/100 000. The incidence rate in males was higher and increased more rapidly than in females. Higher incidence rates were prevalent among older populations, a rapid increase in incidence rates occurred during 2003 to 2012, and earlier birth cohorts showed overall higher risks. BAPC predictions indicated a continued rise in incidence from 2022 to 2044. During this period, male incidence stabilized while female incidence increased at a relatively faster rate. Conclusion The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population has revealed a continuous upward trend, particularly among males and older populations. Future prevention strategies should focus on these high-risk populations.

Objective:To evaluate the application of the reaming-irrigation-aspirator (RIA) technique in autologous bone grafting for non-union of lower limb fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the data of 16 patients with non-union of lower limb fracture who had undergone autologous bone grafting using the RIA technique at Department of Lower Limb Orthopaedics Ⅰ, Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital from July 2023 to March 2024. There were 12 males and 4 females with an age of (47.2±14.3) years. Sites of non-union: the femur in 14 cases and the tibia in 2 cases. Initial surgical fixation: intramedullary nail fixation in 5 cases, plate fixation in 10 cases, and intramedullary nail plus plate fixation in 1 case. The time for fracture non-union was (21.0±12.0) months. Intraoperatively, autologous bone reaming was conducted using a drill bit of RIA system, and simultaneous flushing using irrigation fluid. The bone debris carried out by the irrigation fluid was collected into a filtration device through negative pressure aspiration. After the filter was opened to squeeze out congestion, bone paste was taken out for standby. Internal fixation methods were adjusted according to the non-union condition of the fractures. Finally, the bone paste was implanted into bone defects. The time for autologous bone harvest, amount of bone harvested, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain at a donor site, fracture healing, functional recovery of a lower limb and occurrence of complications were recorded.Results:In 2 of the 16 patients, fracture of the RIA drill bit occurred when bone marrow was harvested from the tibia, and their operation was completed only after the drill bits were replaced. In the 16 patients, time for bone harvest was (31.4±6.1) min, bone harvest volume (42.6±9.5) mL, and intraoperative blood loss (815.6±238.6) mL. The incisions in this cohort healed primarily after operation, and 4-week follow-up revealed that no patients had pain symptoms at a donor site. The 16 patients were followed up for (8.0±2.0) months after operation. All patients achieved bone union after (4.4±0.5) months. Follow-ups showed that no patients had complications like delayed infection, donor site fracture, or loosening or fracture of an internal fixator. According to the rating scale for lower limb function at the last follow-up, the function of affected limb was evaluated as excellent in 7 cases, as good in 8 cases, and as fair in 1 case.Conclusion:Application of RIA technique for autologous bone grafting to treat non-union of lower limb fracture can lead to fine fracture healing and good lower limb function, but no long-term pain symptoms in the donor area for the patients.

Most adult cases of depression originate during adolescence.In recent years,the incidence and suicide rate of adolescent depression raised gradually,seriously endangering physical and mental health as well as the life safety of minors.Resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI)was a core tool for exploring neurocognitive and psychiatric-behavioral disorders.The progresses in rs-fMRI research of adolescent depression with suicidal thoughts or behaviors were reviewed in this article.

Based on CT scan data,a bionic model of lumbar spine injuries with high biofidelity is developed and validated through cadaver experiments.Decoupling the constraint system that affects occupants during collisions due to inertial forces and the subsequent pressure exerted by the seat upon returning to position,a simulated fall experiment is designed.The simulated outcomes are trained and predicted using deep learning algorithms,and the accuracy of the trained neural network prediction model is verified.Key parameters are analyzed for correlation using principal component analysis and cross-reverse methods.The results shows that the predicted lumbar spine injury model obtained from training has high reliability(R2>0.9).Comprehensive analysis reveals that after experiencing axial impact,the L4 vertebral body bears the highest impact load and can be used as a representative measure of lumbar spine injury.Among the environmental variables,the axial force on the L4 lumbar spine is mainly affected by torso mass and fall height,both of which have positive correlations.Torso mass,fall height,and posture angle all have positive effects on internal energy.Conversely,torso mass and fall height have negative correlations with stress.These research findings provide a scientific basis for further elucidating lumbar spine injury mechanisms in intelligent cockpit environments,devising corresponding safety protection measures,and evaluating occupant safety in automobiles.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane proteins in eukaryotes, with nearly 800 genes coding for these proteins. They are involved in many physiological processes, such as light perception, taste and smell, neurotransmitter, metabolism, endocrine and exocrine, cell growth and migration. Importantly, GPCRs and their ligands are the targets of approximately one third of all marketed drugs. GPCRs are traditionally known for their role in transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the cell's interior via the plasma membrane. However, emerging evidence suggests that GPCRs are also localized on mitochondria, where they play critical roles in modulating mitochondrial functions. These mitochondrial GPCRs (mGPCRs) can influence processes such as mitochondrial respiration, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By interacting with mitochondrial signaling pathways, mGPCRs contribute to the regulation of energy metabolism and cell survival. Their presence on mitochondria adds a new layer of complexity to the understanding of cellular signaling, highlighting the organelle's role as not just an energy powerhouse but also a crucial hub for signal transduction. This expanding understanding of mGPCR function on mitochondria opens new avenues for research, particularly in the context of diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role. Abnormalities in the phase conductance pathway of GPCRs located on mitochondria are closely associated with the development of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we examined the various types of GPCRs identified on mitochondrial membranes and analyzed the complex relationships between mGPCRs and the pathogenesis of various diseases. We aim to provide a clearer understanding of the emerging significance of mGPCRs in health and disease, and to underscore their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of these conditions.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum microRNA(miR)-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21 expression levels with disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Methods A total of 126 pa-tients with psoriasis vulgaris who visited Department of Dermatology in the hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were included as the research group(51 cases in the active phase,37 cases in the quiescent phase,and 38 cases in the degenerative phase).According to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)scoring method,the patients were assigned into 52 cases of mild piasis group and 74 cases of moderate to se-vere sis group.126 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the hospital were included as the control group.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21.The general clinical data of the research group and the control group were compared.The expression levels of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21 were compared among different groups.Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,miR-21 and disease activity(PASI score)in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21 for disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Results Compared with the control group,the serum miR-410 expression level in the research group was lower,while the serum miR-17-5p and miR-21 expression levels were higher(P＜0.05).The serum miR-410 expression level of patients with psoriasis vulgaris in different periods showed a decreasing trend and ser-um miR-17-5p and miR-21 expression levels showed increasing trends compared with the control group(P＜0.05).The serum miR-410 expression level in the moderate to severe group was lower than that in the mild group,while the serum miR-17-5p and miR-21 expression levels were higher than those in the mild group(P＜0.05).Serum miR-410 was negatively correlated with PASI score in patients with psoriasis vulgaris,while serum miR-17-5p and miR-21 were positively correlated with PASI score(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,miR-21,and their combined diagnosis for disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris was 0.790,0.843,0.795,and 0.969,respectively.The combination of the three was superior to their individual diagnosis.Conclusion The occurrence and development of psoriasis vulgaris are related to the expression levels of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p and miR-21,and the changes in the expression levels of three could evaluate the severity of the disease in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Objective:To compare the differences in chemical compositions before and after processing by different processing methods; To optimize the processing method of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma.Methods:Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma was processed by stir-frying with bran and treating with rice washing water. The volatile and non-volatile components of raw Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma, bran-fried Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma and rice washing water treated Atractylodes lancea Rhizome were qualitatively analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and the differences in chemical composition before and after processing were compared.Results:The volatile components of the three different products were determined to have 18 common components, such as agarospirol, β-eudesol, etc. In addition, 86 non-volatile components were determined. The peak area response value of atractylodin, the index component prescribed by pharmacopoeia, decreased after processing, but there was little difference in bran stir-frying and rice-washed water frying.Conclusions:Different processing methods have certain effects on the chemical composition of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma. Among them, the bran-frying method is superior in improving the quality of preparations, reducing production costs and improving production efficiency. The bran-fried product can be used as raw material for preparation production.

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest family of membrane proteins in eukaryotes,with nearly 800 genes coding for these proteins.They are involved in many physiological processes,such as light perception,taste and smell,neurotransmitter,metabolism,endocrine and exocrine,cell growth and migration.Importantly,GPCRs and their ligands are the targets of approximately one third of all mar-keted drugs.GPCRs are traditionally known for their role in transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the cell's interior via the plasma membrane.However,emerging evidence suggests that GPCRs are also localized on mitochondria,where they play critical roles in modulating mitochondrial functions.These mitochondrial GPCRs(mGPCRs)can influence processes such as mitochondrial respi-ration,apoptosis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.By interacting with mitochondrial signaling pathways,mGPCRs contribute to the regulation of energy metabolism and cell survival.Their presence on mitochondria adds a new layer of complexity to the understanding of cellular signaling,highlighting the organelle's role as not just an energy powerhouse but also a crucial hub for signal transduction.This expanding understanding of mGPCR function on mitochondria opens new avenues for research,particularly in the context of diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role.Ab-normalities in the phase conductance pathway of GPCRs located on mitochondria are closely associated with the development of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,diabetes,obesity and Alz-heimer's disease.In this review,we examined the various types of GPCRs identified on mitochondrial membranes and analyzed the complex relationships between mGPCRs and the pathogenesis of various diseases.We aim to provide a clearer understanding of the emerging significance of mGPCRs in health and disease,and to underscore their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of these conditions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Bai Ling Long Zao An Shen formula(BLLZ)in sleep improvement in an environmental stress-induced insomnia rat model and explore its underlying mechanisms.METHODS(1)Component analysis:the chemical constituents of the BLLZ extract were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS).(2)Eval-uation of the sedative and hypnotic effect:① Mice:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group,BLLZ-L group(5,10 and 20 g·kg-1)and diazepam group(DZP,3 mg·kg-1).After five days of intragastric administration,pentobarbital sodium-induced righting reflex and locomotor activity tests were performed.② Rats:8 SD rats were implanted with electrodes and allowed to recover for seven days before baseline EEG data was collected over 24 h.A crossover design(7 d washout period)was employed,with rats randomly assigned to the DZP(3 mg·kg-1)and BLLZ(20 g·kg-1)group.After five days of treatment,24 h EEG recordings were obtained.(3)Insomnia model and interventions:①8 SD rats were allowed to recover for seven days post-surgery,followed by 6 h(14:00-20:00)baseline EEG recording.A 3×3 crossover design was used to assign rats to model(environmental stress-induced insomnia),model+DZP,or model+BLLZ groups.After five days of treatment,insomnia was induced by frequent cage changes(14:00,16:00 and 18:00),and EEG changes were monitored.(4)Mechanistic study:32 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,model group,and model+DZP group.After five days of treatment,hypothalamic tissues were collected for biochemi-cal analysis.γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glutamate(Glu),and dopamine(DA)levels were measured using biochemical kits while γ aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABAA1),core clock proteins period circadian regulator 2(PER2)and circadian locomotor output cycles(CLOCK)protein expressions were assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS(1)Compared with the normal control group,the sleep latency of BLLZ 10 and 20 g·kg-1 and DZP groups was significantly shortened,and the locomotor activity of BLLZ 20 g·kg-1 and DZP groups was significantly reduced;BLLZ 20 g·kg-1 signifi-cantly increased the total sleep time,slow-wave sleep time,and average duration of sleep in normal rats,and significantly reduced the wakefulness time.(2)The total sleep time and slow-wave sleep time of the model group significantly decreased and the wakefulness time significantly increased compared with baseline.(3)Compared with the model group,the total sleep time and slow-wave sleep time of the model+BLLZ group and the model+DZP group were significantly increased,and the wakefulness time significantly shortened.(4)Compared with the normal control group,the Glu/GABA ratio,DA content and CLOCK protein expression were significantly increased and GABAA1 and PER2 protein expres-sion were significantly decreased in the model group;compared with the model group,the Glu/GABA ratio,DA content and CLOCK protein expression were significantly decreased,and the expression of GABAA1 and PER2 were significantly increased in the model+BLLLZ group and the model+DZP group.CONCLUSION BLLZ has sedative and hypnotic effects.It can prolong the total slow-wave sleep time by increasing the average duration of slow-wave sleep episodes,thereby increasing the total sleep time and improving environmental stress-induced insomnia.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of the Glu/GABA ratio and DA levels as well as the enhancement of GABAA1 expressions and the regulation of hypothalamic core clock protein expressions.