OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro antitumor activity and in vivo targeting of nanopolymers co-loaded with arse-nic trioxide(ATO),an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine arsenic,and photosensitizer(IR780)to activate the patient's own immune system in the treatment of brain glioma in synergistically with chemotherapy and phototherapy.METHODS PLGA/AI containing ATO and IR780 was prepared by volatilization with multiple emulsion solvent.The particle size,potential and polydispersity index(PDI)were determined by dynamic light scatterometer(DLS)at different feed ratios.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to detect the morphology of PLGA/AI.Fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to investigate the spectroscopic characteris-tics.UV-vis spectrophotometer was used to determine the drug loading and encapsulation rate of IR780.Under laser irradiation,the physiological release of ATO was measured by dialysis bag method.The uptake of PLGA/AI in GL261 cells was photographed by confo-cal microscopy(CLSM).The cell uptake mechanism of PLGA/AI was investigated by flow cytometry(FCM).3D tumor spheroid mod-el was constructed to simulate the deep penetration of PLGA/AI in solid tumors.The synergistic anti-tumor effects of PLGA/AI in vitro were studied by MTT assay and dying staining.DCFH-DA staining and FCM determination of the co-expression of CD80 CD86 co-stimulatory molecules verified the immune activation induced by PLGA/AI in vitro photochemotherapy.The in vivo targeting of PLGA/AI and the tissue distribution of the main organs were investigated by means of in vivo imaging of small animals after tail vein injection.RESULTS The optimal ratio of ATO to IR780 was 1∶10,its particle size was(134.11±2.19)nm,Zeta potential was(-7.02±0.649)mV,PDI was 0.254±0.059,and it was a uniform spherical shape under TEM.The fluorescence spectra showed that IR780 was successfully loaded onto PLGA,and the drug loading and encapsulation rate of IR780 in PLGA/AI were(2.53±0.02)%and(71.26±0.38)%respectively.The results of in vitro release experiments showed that ATO could be released in response to laser light by IR780-mediated photo-dynamics.Cell uptake experiments showed that the nano-polymer could effectively enter tumor cells under clathrin-mediated endocytosis.In vitro investigation of cell viability,ROS detection and dendritic cell maturation experiment showed that it could effectively kill tumor cells by inducing a large amount of ROS to generate and activate immune cells.In vivo targe-ting and biological distribution study confirmed that PLGA/AI could effectively penetrate BBB into tumor sites.CONCLUSION The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine arsenic,ATO and IR780,use PLGA as carriers to form nano-polymers through the volatilization of multiple emulsion solvents,which can cross the BBB and effectively accumulate at the tumor site.Based on"strengthe-ning the healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors"and combined with chemotherapy and photo-immune activation,it has the po-tential for long-term anti-glioblastoma treatment.

Objective·To explore the effects and potential mechanisms of emodin on Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods·Wild-type C57BL/6J mice and 3×Tg-AD mice were divided into 6 groups:Control group(C57BL/6J mice),AD group(3×Tg-AD mice),Emodin 25 mg/kg group(3×Tg-AD mice+Emodin 25 mg/kg),Emodin 50 mg/kg group(3×Tg-AD mice+Emodin 50 mg/kg),Emodin 100 mg/kg group(3×Tg-AD mice+Emodin 100 mg/kg)and Donepezil group(3×Tg-AD mice+Donepezil 3 mg/kg).The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of mice.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),glucose-regulated protein 78kDa(GRP78),and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α(IRE1α)was detected by immunohistochemistry.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 in brain tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blotting was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65,p38,and p-p38 proteins.Results·Compared with the control group,mice in the AD group showed impaired cognition,increased GFAP expression,elevated levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6,and increased expression of GRP78 and IRE1α,along with enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and p38.Compared with the AD group,emodin improved cognitive impairment of AD mice,inhibited astrocyte overactivation and neuroinflammation,and decreased the expression of GRP78,IRE1α,phosphorylated NF-κB p65,and phosphorylated p38 in brain tissue.Conclusion·Emodin can effectively improve cognitive impairment in AD mice,which may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuroinflammation in astrocytes.

Objective To investigate the effects of a continuous-dose administration versus different dosage regimens of polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution(PEG)taken in two doses with a 12-hour interval on bowel cleansing efficacy,with the goal of optimizing bowel preparation protocols and improving patient tolerability.Methods 232 patients who underwent painless colonoscopy and used PEG as a bowel cleanser from June 2024 to September 2024 were selected as study subjects.Participants were divided into three groups:the control group(3.00 L PEG continuous dose),experimental group A(0.75 L+2.25 L PEG),and experimental group B(1.50 L+1.50 L PEG).All patients underwent painless colonoscopy within 4～6 h after completing PEG intake.The interval between the two doses of PEG in group A and group B was 12 h.The bowel cleansing efficacy was assessed by using the Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS),and the rates of colon polyp detection,adverse reactions,sleep duration,and tolerability were recorded.Results There were no significant statistical differences in BBPS scores and colon polyp detection rates among the three groups(P>0.05).Experimental group B experienced the least adverse reactions,followed by experimental group A,while the control group reported the most significant adverse reactions(P<0.05).The timing of PEG administration did not have a significant impact on sleep duration among the three groups(P>0.05).Patients in experimental group B showed good tolerability to PEG and were willing to accept this bowel preparation regimen,followed by group A,while the control group exhibited the poorest tolerability,with significant statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The continuous administration and divided administration of PEG have no significant impact on the effectiveness of intestinal cleansing and the detection rate of colonic polyps.However,the divided PEG regimen with a 12 h interval results in fewer adverse reactions and better tolerance,especially the optimal regimen of taking 1.50 L PEG in two doses with a 12 h interval.

In October 2024, a 36-year-old female patient with botulinum toxin type A intoxication for 15d was admitted to the Department of Neurology of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital. Although type A botulinum antitoxin (BAT) therapy remained effective, the patient developed a serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) on day 4 of treatment after receiving eight consecutive desensitizing intramuscular injections of BAT. After stopping the injection of the drug and giving intravenous dexamethasone, the patient’s symptoms improved. On the 6th day after stopping the injection of botulinum antitoxin type A, the patient was followed up in the outpatient clinic and the skin symptoms had almost disappeared. This article analyzed the patient’s medical records and explored the association between BAT and SSLR, suggesting that medical personnel should be alert to the risk of adverse reactions when applying antitoxin therapy, and that they should identify and intervene in a timely manner in order to ensure the safety of the medication and therapeutic efficacy of the patients.

Objective To analyze the latent classes of social alienation in colorectal cancer patients and further explore the influencing factors and cumulative effects of risk factors across different classes,thereby providing a reference for individualized interventions.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select colorectal cancer patients hospitalized in the gastrointestinal surgery and oncology departments of 3 tertiary-level hospitals in Shandong Province from January to June 2023 as the study subjects.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Social Avoidance Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,UCLA Loneliness Scale,Sense of Coherence Scale,Family Cohesion Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale.Data analysis was performed using latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 292 questionnaires were distributed,with 270 valid responses collected,yielding a response rate of 92.47％.The results of the latent profile analysis indicated that social alienation among colorectal cancer patients could be categorized into 3 latent groups:the"low alienation group"(42.59％),the"high alienation-high social avoidance group"(14.08％),and the"moderate alienation-high social anxiety group"(43.33％).Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that employment status,stoma status,metastasis,sense of coherence,family cohesion,and social support were influencing factors across different categories.Moreover,a cumulative effect of sense of coherence,family cohesion,and social support on distinct categories was observed(P＜0.05).Conclusion Social alienation among colorectal cancer patients exhibits group heterogeneity.Healthcare professionals should identify the characteristic differences among patients,prioritise those with multiple risk factors,and develop targeted intervention measures to help them better integrate into society.

Objective·To explore the effects and potential mechanisms of emodin on Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods·Wild-type C57BL/6J mice and 3×Tg-AD mice were divided into 6 groups:Control group(C57BL/6J mice),AD group(3×Tg-AD mice),Emodin 25 mg/kg group(3×Tg-AD mice+Emodin 25 mg/kg),Emodin 50 mg/kg group(3×Tg-AD mice+Emodin 50 mg/kg),Emodin 100 mg/kg group(3×Tg-AD mice+Emodin 100 mg/kg)and Donepezil group(3×Tg-AD mice+Donepezil 3 mg/kg).The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of mice.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),glucose-regulated protein 78kDa(GRP78),and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α(IRE1α)was detected by immunohistochemistry.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 in brain tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blotting was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65,p38,and p-p38 proteins.Results·Compared with the control group,mice in the AD group showed impaired cognition,increased GFAP expression,elevated levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6,and increased expression of GRP78 and IRE1α,along with enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and p38.Compared with the AD group,emodin improved cognitive impairment of AD mice,inhibited astrocyte overactivation and neuroinflammation,and decreased the expression of GRP78,IRE1α,phosphorylated NF-κB p65,and phosphorylated p38 in brain tissue.Conclusion·Emodin can effectively improve cognitive impairment in AD mice,which may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuroinflammation in astrocytes.

Objective To investigate the effects of a continuous-dose administration versus different dosage regimens of polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution(PEG)taken in two doses with a 12-hour interval on bowel cleansing efficacy,with the goal of optimizing bowel preparation protocols and improving patient tolerability.Methods 232 patients who underwent painless colonoscopy and used PEG as a bowel cleanser from June 2024 to September 2024 were selected as study subjects.Participants were divided into three groups:the control group(3.00 L PEG continuous dose),experimental group A(0.75 L+2.25 L PEG),and experimental group B(1.50 L+1.50 L PEG).All patients underwent painless colonoscopy within 4～6 h after completing PEG intake.The interval between the two doses of PEG in group A and group B was 12 h.The bowel cleansing efficacy was assessed by using the Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS),and the rates of colon polyp detection,adverse reactions,sleep duration,and tolerability were recorded.Results There were no significant statistical differences in BBPS scores and colon polyp detection rates among the three groups(P>0.05).Experimental group B experienced the least adverse reactions,followed by experimental group A,while the control group reported the most significant adverse reactions(P<0.05).The timing of PEG administration did not have a significant impact on sleep duration among the three groups(P>0.05).Patients in experimental group B showed good tolerability to PEG and were willing to accept this bowel preparation regimen,followed by group A,while the control group exhibited the poorest tolerability,with significant statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The continuous administration and divided administration of PEG have no significant impact on the effectiveness of intestinal cleansing and the detection rate of colonic polyps.However,the divided PEG regimen with a 12 h interval results in fewer adverse reactions and better tolerance,especially the optimal regimen of taking 1.50 L PEG in two doses with a 12 h interval.

Purpose To investigate the expression of LAMB3 and ITGB4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and analyze their associations with clinicopathological features.Methods Bioinformatics was used to assess the expression of LAMB3 and ITGB4 in pan-cancer and ESCC.Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate their expression and distribution in ESCC tissues,and correlations clinicopathological features were analyzed.Follow-up data were collected to construct Kaplan-Meier survival curves,and Cox regression analysis was proformed to determine their prognostic significance.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that LAMB3 and ITGB4 were highly expressed in ES-CC tissues(P＜0.001).Immunohistochemistry confirmed that both proteins were localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells.High LAMB3 expression was significantly associated with poor differentiation(P＜0.001),lymph node metastasis(P=0.015),and T staging(P＜0.001).High ITGB4 expression was significantly correlated with poor differentiation(P=0.004)and advanced T staging(P=0.004).Cox regression analysis identified high ex-pression of LAMB3 and ITGB4 as independent prognostic factors for overall survival[HR=4.97(95％CI:2.73-9.02);HR=2.33(95％CI:1.36-3.99)].Conclusion LAMB3 and ITGB4 are highly expressed in ESCC.High LAMB3 expression is associated with tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis,and T staging,while high ITGB4 expression is correlated with tumor differentiation and T staging.Patients with high expression of LAMB3 or ITGB4 have poorer overall survival,suggesting that these proteins may serve as prognostic biomarkers for unfavorable outcome in ESCC.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) -empowered interprofessional collaborative learning model in nursing psychology practical teaching for undergraduate nursing students.Methods:From November to December 2024, 109 second-year nursing students from the Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University were selected as research subjects using convenience sampling. Two classes were randomly divided into an experimental group (55 students) and a control group (54 students) using a random draw method. Control group received a traditional teaching model based primarily on case discussion and scenario simulation teaching, while experimental group used the GAI-empowered interprofessional collaborative learning model on the basis of control group. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated using the Psychological Nursing Practice Competency Assessment Scale, Caring Ability Inventory (CAI), Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), and Satisfaction Survey Questionnaire.Results:After teaching, experimental group's practical course assessment scores, CAI total scores, and scores in each dimension were all higher than those of control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The RIPLS score of nursing students in experimental group after teaching was higher than that before teaching, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). 90.9% of nursing students supported the introduction of GAI into the classroom, and 90.9% of nursing students recognized the auxiliary role of GAI in achieving learning objectives, and the teaching satisfaction was 96.4%. Conclusions:This study validates the effectiveness of GAI-empowered interprofessional collaborative learning model in nursing psychology practical teaching for undergraduate nursing students, providing new ideas for nursing education reform.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of Gongxuening Capsules in reducing post-abortion bleeding following artificial abortion.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was conducted. From May 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023, 484 women who underwent vacuum aspiration abortion for early intrauterine pregnancy were enrolled in 11 centers and randomly assigned to control group and the study group at a 1∶1 ratio using a center-block randomization method. Control group were administered a placebo of Gongxuening Capsules for 9 d, while the study group received the actual Gongxuening Capsules for the same duration. The outcomes measured included vaginal bleeding volume, duration of vaginal bleeding, endometrial thickness, time to menstrual recovery, and complications.Results:1) A total of 484 subjects were enrolled, and 472 completed the study. Totally 450 subjects were included in the efficacy analysis set, with 224 in control group and 226 in the study group; 468 subjects were included in the safety analysis set, with 236 in control group and 232 in the study group. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable (all P>0.05). 2) The vaginal bleeding volume was lower in the study group [(13.30±12.14) mL] than in control group [(19.00±17.67) mL, P<0.001]. The proportion of subjects in the study group with bleeding days less than 4 d [29.65% (67/226)] was higher than that in control group [19.20% (43/224), P=0.010]. 3) No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of time to menstrual recovery and endometrial thickness (all P>0.05). 4) In the study group, 3 subjects experienced non-therapeutic-related complications, while 11 subjects in control group. The incidence of complications was lower in the study group [1.29% (3/232)] than in control group [4.66% (11/236), P=0.033]. Conclusion:The administration of Gongxuening Capsules to women following artificial abortion significantly reduced vaginal bleeding volume and was associated with good safety, with the treatment being well-tolerated by the subjects.