Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for rubella prevention and control. Methods: Data of rubella surveillance cases and laboratory tests were collected through the Chinese Measles Surveillance Information Report Management System. The temporal, regional and demographic distribution of confirmed rubella cases were analyzed using the descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 2 167 rubella surveillance cases were reported in Wuxi City from 2015 to 2023, including 154 confirmed rubella cases, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.25/105. All the confirmed cases were laboratory-confirmed, and the positive rate of laboratory testing was 7.11%. The main clinical symptoms were rash (96.75%) and fever (86.36%). The incidence of rubella peaked in 2015 and 2019, with sporadic cases in other years. Rubella incidence exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, and the prevalent months were from February to May. Xishan District and Huishan District had the higher reported incidences, at 0.44/105 and 0.42/105, respectively. There were 101 male confirmed rubella cases and 53 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.91∶1. The incidence was higher in males than in females (0.32/105 vs. 0.18/105, P<0.05). The majority of cases were aged 19 to <46 years, with 112 cases accounting for 72.73%. There were 43 workers (27.92%) and 27 housekeepers and unemployed individuals (17.53%). The rubella containing vaccine immunization rate among the confirmed rubella cases was 12.99%, which was lower than the 36.20% among the cases excluding measles and rubella (P<0.05). The majority of the individuals aged 19 years and above had unknown immunization histories. Conclusions The reported incidence of rubella in Wuxi City remained low from 2015 to 2023. The disease was prevalent in winter and spring, and the cases mainly distributed in Xishan District and Huishan District. Individuals aged 19 to <46 years, males and workers were key populations for prevention and control.

Renal metastasis of oral adenoid cystic carcinoma is rare. A patient with bilateral renal metastasis secondary to surgery for oral adenoid cystic carcinoma was reported. The left kidney was treated with radiofrequency ablation, and the right kidney was treated with radical nephrectomy. The creatinine was 74 μmol/L at 3 months after surgery. The multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment model adopted in this case provided diagnosis and treatment ideas for patients with bilateral renal secondary malignant tumors.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of chlorogenic acid and three other organic acids from Picris hieracioides L.with deep eutectic solvents using response surface methodology.Methods By comparing the extraction rate of organic acids in seven deep eutectic solvents,the best solvent combinations were identified,and the optimal extraction process of organic acids from Picris hieracioides L.was obtained by optimizing the liquid/feed ratio,extraction temperature,extraction time and other parameters using the response surface method on the basis of a one-way experiment.Results The deep eutectic solvent with 30%water content(choline chloride∶urea=1∶2)was effective in extracting organic acids from Picris hieracioides L.The optimal extraction process optimized by response surface method was:extraction temperature 30℃,extraction time 30 min,liquid-solid ratio 20∶1(mL·g-1),the extraction rate of organic acids under this condition was 1.092 9%.Conclusion The deep eutectic solvent optimized through response surface methodology is an efficient,green and eco-friendly extraction method.This study provides a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development and utilization of Picris hieracioides L..

Objective To evaluate the impact of intensified infection control measures on the incidence of health-care-associated infection(HAI)under the background of the reform of diagnosis-intervention packet(DIP)payment,and provide decision-making basis for HAI management under the reform of medical insurance payment.Methods The interrupted time series research design was used to collect the monitoring data of HAI in a tertiary first-class hospital from October 2021 to September 2024.The changing trend of HAI incidence was analyzed by piecewise li-near regression,and the intervention effect was evaluated by standardized infection ratio(SIR).Results From Oc-tober 2021 to September 2022,the incidence of HAI was 2.17％(95％CI:2.08％-2.26％),which dropped to 1.87％(95％CI:1.82％-1.92％)after the intervention.Piecewise linear regression analysis showed that the inci-dence of HAI decreased by 0.324％immediately after the intervention(95％CI:-0.481％--0.167％,P＜0.001),and the trend after the intervention changed significantly compared with that before the intervention(95％CI:-0.033％--0.009％,P=0.001).SIR analysis showed that the actual incidence during the entire intervention period was equivalent to 74.56％of the incidence in intervention period,gradually stabilized from 88.39％-93.81％at the beginning of the intervention to 67.03％-71.22％at the end of the study,and the intervention effect was sustained.Conclusion Intensified infection control measures under the background of the reform of DIP significantly reduce the incidence of HAI and improve the stability of infection control management,which provide new insights into the synergistic improvement of medical insurance payment and HAI management quality.

Nanophthalmos (NNO) is a hereditary, congenital, ocular developmental disorder characterized by shortening of the entire eyeball.It has a low incidence worldwide and is considered a rare disease.Genetic modes of nanophthalmos include autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, and sporadic cases have also been reported.Currently, at least six genes, including PRSS56, MFRP, TMEM98, MYRF, CRB1 and BEST1, have been reported to be associated with the onset of this disease.Common pathological phenotypes include short axial length, high hyperopia, and a high tendency to be complicated by angle-closure glaucoma and uveal effusion syndrome, etc.Different NNO genotypes show significant differences in clinical phenotypes.Studies on the correlation between NNO genotypes and phenotypes have provided an important basis for early clinical intervention.However, due to the limitated sample size of rare diseases, existing studies mainly focus on exploring the variant sites of different genotypes and the clinical phenotypes of patients.It is difficult to form a discussion on the overall correlation between the phenotypes and genotypes of NNO.This article collects and sorts out the research reports on NNO from 2010 to 2024, aiming to review the research progress on the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes of NNO from aspects such as gene mutation types and regional populations, in order to improve the understanding of NNO and provide more ideas and theoretical basis for studying its occurrence and development as well as gene therapy.

Nanophthalmos (NNO) is a hereditary, congenital, ocular developmental disorder characterized by shortening of the entire eyeball.It has a low incidence worldwide and is considered a rare disease.Genetic modes of nanophthalmos include autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, and sporadic cases have also been reported.Currently, at least six genes, including PRSS56, MFRP, TMEM98, MYRF, CRB1 and BEST1, have been reported to be associated with the onset of this disease.Common pathological phenotypes include short axial length, high hyperopia, and a high tendency to be complicated by angle-closure glaucoma and uveal effusion syndrome, etc.Different NNO genotypes show significant differences in clinical phenotypes.Studies on the correlation between NNO genotypes and phenotypes have provided an important basis for early clinical intervention.However, due to the limitated sample size of rare diseases, existing studies mainly focus on exploring the variant sites of different genotypes and the clinical phenotypes of patients.It is difficult to form a discussion on the overall correlation between the phenotypes and genotypes of NNO.This article collects and sorts out the research reports on NNO from 2010 to 2024, aiming to review the research progress on the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes of NNO from aspects such as gene mutation types and regional populations, in order to improve the understanding of NNO and provide more ideas and theoretical basis for studying its occurrence and development as well as gene therapy.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of chlorogenic acid and three other organic acids from Picris hieracioides L.with deep eutectic solvents using response surface methodology.Methods By comparing the extraction rate of organic acids in seven deep eutectic solvents,the best solvent combinations were identified,and the optimal extraction process of organic acids from Picris hieracioides L.was obtained by optimizing the liquid/feed ratio,extraction temperature,extraction time and other parameters using the response surface method on the basis of a one-way experiment.Results The deep eutectic solvent with 30%water content(choline chloride∶urea=1∶2)was effective in extracting organic acids from Picris hieracioides L.The optimal extraction process optimized by response surface method was:extraction temperature 30℃,extraction time 30 min,liquid-solid ratio 20∶1(mL·g-1),the extraction rate of organic acids under this condition was 1.092 9%.Conclusion The deep eutectic solvent optimized through response surface methodology is an efficient,green and eco-friendly extraction method.This study provides a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development and utilization of Picris hieracioides L..

Objective To evaluate the impact of intensified infection control measures on the incidence of health-care-associated infection(HAI)under the background of the reform of diagnosis-intervention packet(DIP)payment,and provide decision-making basis for HAI management under the reform of medical insurance payment.Methods The interrupted time series research design was used to collect the monitoring data of HAI in a tertiary first-class hospital from October 2021 to September 2024.The changing trend of HAI incidence was analyzed by piecewise li-near regression,and the intervention effect was evaluated by standardized infection ratio(SIR).Results From Oc-tober 2021 to September 2022,the incidence of HAI was 2.17％(95％CI:2.08％-2.26％),which dropped to 1.87％(95％CI:1.82％-1.92％)after the intervention.Piecewise linear regression analysis showed that the inci-dence of HAI decreased by 0.324％immediately after the intervention(95％CI:-0.481％--0.167％,P＜0.001),and the trend after the intervention changed significantly compared with that before the intervention(95％CI:-0.033％--0.009％,P=0.001).SIR analysis showed that the actual incidence during the entire intervention period was equivalent to 74.56％of the incidence in intervention period,gradually stabilized from 88.39％-93.81％at the beginning of the intervention to 67.03％-71.22％at the end of the study,and the intervention effect was sustained.Conclusion Intensified infection control measures under the background of the reform of DIP significantly reduce the incidence of HAI and improve the stability of infection control management,which provide new insights into the synergistic improvement of medical insurance payment and HAI management quality.

Renal metastasis of oral adenoid cystic carcinoma is rare. A patient with bilateral renal metastasis secondary to surgery for oral adenoid cystic carcinoma was reported. The left kidney was treated with radiofrequency ablation, and the right kidney was treated with radical nephrectomy. The creatinine was 74 μmol/L at 3 months after surgery. The multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment model adopted in this case provided diagnosis and treatment ideas for patients with bilateral renal secondary malignant tumors.

ObjectiveTo assess the implementation of insurance-based compensation for adverse reactions following immunization in Wuxi City，Jiangsu Province. MethodsData on basic insurance and supplementary insurance for adverse reactions following immunization from 2020 to 2022 in Wuxi City was collected， and a descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. ResultsA total of 2 272 cases were compensated for adverse reactions following immunization，with a total compensation amount of 5.255 9 million yuan， and an average of 2.3 thousand yuan per case. Basic insurance accounted for 0.62% of the total cases and 10.72% of the total compensation amount， while supplementary insurance accounted for 99.43% of the total cases and 89.28% of the total compensation amount. Compensation amounts for disability and third-degree damage in basic insurance accounted for 63.18% and 88.71%， respectively， while fourth-degree and lower damage in supplementary insurance accounted for 96.52%. The compensation rate for supplementary insurance was higher than that for basic insurance. The highest number of compensated cases was in the 0‒ year age group， and vaccines included in the Expanded Program on Immunization （EPI） accounted for the majority of the cases and compensation amounts， with a percentage of 70.11% and 73.84%， respectively. For basic insurance， the largest number of compensated cases involved the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin （BCG） vaccine. For supplementary insurance， the top three compensated cases for EPI vaccines were the measles-mumps-rubella （MMR） vaccine， the hepatitis B （HepB） vaccine， and the acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis （DTaP） vaccine. For non-EPI vaccines， the top three compensated cases were the 13 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate （PPCV13） vaccine， the acellular DPT-inactivated poliovirus-haemophilus influenzae type b combined vaccine （DPT-IPV/Hib）， and enterovirus 71 （EV71） inactivated vaccine. In basic insurance， thrombocytopenic purpura and BCG local abscess both accounted for 21.43% of the cases， while in supplementary insurance， respiratory system diseases accounted for 77.47% of the cases. The time intervals from reporting to submission of compensation materials （<31 d） and from submission to payment of compensation （≤14 d） were 71.43% and 57.14% for basic insurance， and 90.22% and 86.23% for supplementary insurance， respectively. ConclusionThe commercial supplementary insurance for adverse reactions following immunization in Wuxi City has largely compensated for the limitations of basic insurance in terms of coverage and efficiency. It is recommended to further promote commercial compensation insurance for young children and strengthen the monitoring and regulation of commercial supplementary insurance compensation.