Xenotransplantation is an important approach to addressing the shortage of donor organs. However, it still faces numerous challenges, such as acute rejection and zoonotic diseases. Organoid-on-a-chip technology refers to a microcell culture device that simulates the physiological functions of human organs in vitro. In recent years, it has achieved a series of important results in the field of allotransplantation and has great application prospects in the field of xenotransplantation, bringing new opportunities for xenotransplantation research. Therefore, this article discusses the current research status and progress of organoid-on-a-chip technology, combined with the various problems faced by xenotransplantation, to explore the application of organoid-on-a-chip technology in solving the selection of immunosuppressive regimens, matching and viral reactivation in xenotransplantation. This aims to open up new avenues for solving the current problems in the field of xenotransplantation and promote its further development.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of pelvic floor optimization training of Yun-type with the aid of myoelectric biofeedback in the treatment of mild to moderate female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: Female SUI patients treated in our hospital during Jan.and Oct.2024 were included as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into the control group (n=47) and observation group (n=48) by random number method.The control group received conventional Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training，while the observation group received Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training assisted with myoelectric biofeedback.The total treatment course lasted for 12 weeks.The clinical efficacy，as well as the changes in international consultation on incontinence questionnaire for symptoms and impact (ICI-Q-SF)，incontinence quality of life (I-QoL)，female sexual function index (FSFI)，and pelvic floor electromyographic values before and after treatment were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.6%，which was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.2%，P<0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment，the ICI-Q-SF [(6.12±1.11) vs. (6.97±1.24)]，I-QoL [(85.05±4.51) vs. (82.14±4.60)]，and FSFI [(30.01±4.10) vs. (26.32±3.32)] scores of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment，the myoelectric values of the pelvic floor muscles of the observation group at the pre-rest stage，fast muscle (type Ⅱ muscle) stage，slow muscle (type Ⅰ muscle) stage，endurance test stage，and post-rest stage were significantly improved compared with those before treatment and were greatly enhanced compared with those of the control group (P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred in either groups during treatment and follow-up. Conclusion: The Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training assisted with myoelectric biofeedback can precisely enhance the therapeutic effects of the conventional Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training，and significantly improve the female sexual function index.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ionotropic purinergic receptor 4 (P2X4R)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway during spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods:Thirty-six clean-grade healthy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 210-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham surgery group (S group), SCI group, and SCI+ EA treatment group (SCI+ EA group). The SCI model was established by the Allen′s method in anesthetized animals. In group S, only the spinous processes and vertebral laminae were resected, but the spinal cord was not injured. On the 7th day after developing the model, EA of Jiaji, Dazhui, and Mingmen lasting 30 min was performed once a day for 7 consecutive days, with a depth of 2 mm, intensity of 12-15 mV, frequency of 2 Hz, in SCI+ EA group. The mechanical paw withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before developing the model and 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model, and the motor function was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score. The recovery of motor function was assessed using footprint analysis at 28 days after developing the model. After the final behavioral testing, the rats were sacrificed, and spinal cord tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes of the spinal cord tissues using hematoxylin-eosin staining, to detect the expression of P2X4R and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) (by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot) and to determine contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with the baseline measured at 1 day before developing the model, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after developing the model in SCI group and SCI+ EA group ( P<0.05). Compared with S group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after developing the model, the expression of P2X4R and p-NF-κB p65 in spinal cord tissues was up-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in SCI group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model, the expression of P2X4R and p-NF-κB p65 in spinal cord tissues was down-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage of spinal cord tissues was alleviated and footprints were reduced in SCI+ EA group. Conclusions:The mechanism by which EA alleviates SCI may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the P2X4R/NF-κB signaling pathway and the reduction in the inflammatory response in rats.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of perforator-based bilobed flaps in the treatment of stage 4 pressure ulcers.Methods:This retrospective observational study included 29 patients (21 males, 8 females) with stage 4 pressure ulcers admitted to the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery and Wound Repair at Xuzhou First People's Hospital from August 2021 to May 2023. The patients' ages ranged from 12 to 82 (61.3±15.7) years. For ischial tuberosity pressure ulcers, reconstruction was performed using a posterior femoral bilobed flap based on the first perforator of the deep femoral artery, combined with a small gluteus maximus muscle flap. Sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers were repaired using a bilobed flap based on the superior or inferior gluteal artery perforator. Post-operative follow-up lasted for 2-36 months, during which flap survival and complications were assessed.Results:All the 29 bilobed flaps were successfully rotated and provided for adequate coverage without the need for pedicle division or perforator vessel dissection. Primary healing was achieved in 26 cases, with suture removal occurring two weeks post-operatively. Three patients experienced partial wound dehiscence and marginal necrosis due to post-operative pressure, which healed after two weeks of debridement and dressing changes. During follow-up for 2-36 months, no pressure ulcer recurrence was observed. The flaps demonstrated excellent survival, with soft texture, good elasticity, and adequate blood supply. The donor sites healed with only linear scars, and no severe complications were reported.Conclusion:Bilobed flaps based on artery perforators demonstrate excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of stage 4 pressure ulcers.

Diseases caused by animal virus infection seriously restricts the healthy development of animal husbandry.In-depth study of the molecular mechanism of viral replication and pathogenesis will provide theoretical basis for screening vaccine and drug targets.N6-methyladenosine(m6 A)modification occurs extensively in viral and host transcriptomes and affects viral replication and pathogenicity by regulating gene expression,which acts as a novel regulator of gene expression in addition to DNA and protein modifications.Insight into the regulatory molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in virus infection is the research hotspots and frontiers.In recent years,there are re-ports of alternation of the m6 A modification-associated epitranscriptomes and related function a-nalysis during virus infection.Here,we summarize the alternation of the epitranscriptomes induced by African swine fever virus(ASFV),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus(PEDV),cestode virus(CSFV),porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV),Marek's disease virus(MDV),Newcastle disease virus(NDV),avian leukaemia virus(ALV)and duck hepatitis A virus(DHAV)infection,and the subsequent effects on viral replica-tion and pathogenicity.We also discuss the potential role and molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in animal virus replication and pathogenesis,which will contributes to the prevention and control for animal disease.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ionotropic purinergic receptor 4 (P2X4R)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway during spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods:Thirty-six clean-grade healthy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 210-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham surgery group (S group), SCI group, and SCI+ EA treatment group (SCI+ EA group). The SCI model was established by the Allen′s method in anesthetized animals. In group S, only the spinous processes and vertebral laminae were resected, but the spinal cord was not injured. On the 7th day after developing the model, EA of Jiaji, Dazhui, and Mingmen lasting 30 min was performed once a day for 7 consecutive days, with a depth of 2 mm, intensity of 12-15 mV, frequency of 2 Hz, in SCI+ EA group. The mechanical paw withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before developing the model and 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model, and the motor function was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score. The recovery of motor function was assessed using footprint analysis at 28 days after developing the model. After the final behavioral testing, the rats were sacrificed, and spinal cord tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes of the spinal cord tissues using hematoxylin-eosin staining, to detect the expression of P2X4R and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) (by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot) and to determine contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with the baseline measured at 1 day before developing the model, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after developing the model in SCI group and SCI+ EA group ( P<0.05). Compared with S group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after developing the model, the expression of P2X4R and p-NF-κB p65 in spinal cord tissues was up-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in SCI group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model, the expression of P2X4R and p-NF-κB p65 in spinal cord tissues was down-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage of spinal cord tissues was alleviated and footprints were reduced in SCI+ EA group. Conclusions:The mechanism by which EA alleviates SCI may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the P2X4R/NF-κB signaling pathway and the reduction in the inflammatory response in rats.

Diseases caused by animal virus infection seriously restricts the healthy development of animal husbandry.In-depth study of the molecular mechanism of viral replication and pathogenesis will provide theoretical basis for screening vaccine and drug targets.N6-methyladenosine(m6 A)modification occurs extensively in viral and host transcriptomes and affects viral replication and pathogenicity by regulating gene expression,which acts as a novel regulator of gene expression in addition to DNA and protein modifications.Insight into the regulatory molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in virus infection is the research hotspots and frontiers.In recent years,there are re-ports of alternation of the m6 A modification-associated epitranscriptomes and related function a-nalysis during virus infection.Here,we summarize the alternation of the epitranscriptomes induced by African swine fever virus(ASFV),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus(PEDV),cestode virus(CSFV),porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV),Marek's disease virus(MDV),Newcastle disease virus(NDV),avian leukaemia virus(ALV)and duck hepatitis A virus(DHAV)infection,and the subsequent effects on viral replica-tion and pathogenicity.We also discuss the potential role and molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in animal virus replication and pathogenesis,which will contributes to the prevention and control for animal disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of perforator-based bilobed flaps in the treatment of stage 4 pressure ulcers.Methods:This retrospective observational study included 29 patients (21 males, 8 females) with stage 4 pressure ulcers admitted to the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery and Wound Repair at Xuzhou First People's Hospital from August 2021 to May 2023. The patients' ages ranged from 12 to 82 (61.3±15.7) years. For ischial tuberosity pressure ulcers, reconstruction was performed using a posterior femoral bilobed flap based on the first perforator of the deep femoral artery, combined with a small gluteus maximus muscle flap. Sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers were repaired using a bilobed flap based on the superior or inferior gluteal artery perforator. Post-operative follow-up lasted for 2-36 months, during which flap survival and complications were assessed.Results:All the 29 bilobed flaps were successfully rotated and provided for adequate coverage without the need for pedicle division or perforator vessel dissection. Primary healing was achieved in 26 cases, with suture removal occurring two weeks post-operatively. Three patients experienced partial wound dehiscence and marginal necrosis due to post-operative pressure, which healed after two weeks of debridement and dressing changes. During follow-up for 2-36 months, no pressure ulcer recurrence was observed. The flaps demonstrated excellent survival, with soft texture, good elasticity, and adequate blood supply. The donor sites healed with only linear scars, and no severe complications were reported.Conclusion:Bilobed flaps based on artery perforators demonstrate excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of stage 4 pressure ulcers.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application effect of internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) as recipient vessels in breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEPF) immediately after breast cancer surgery.Methods:From May 2020 to May 2023, a total of 18 patients with DIEPF breast reconstruction using IMAP as recipient vessels were selected from the Department of Breast Disease of Henan Cancer Hospital. The patients were 31 to 50 years old, with an average of 41.5 years old. The stages of breast cancer were cT is/1-2N 0-2M 0, and all of the patients received immediate breast reconstruction after the breast cancer surgery. The size of flaps were from 9.0 cm × 26.0 cm to 15.0 cm × 38.0 cm. Preoperative chest and abdominal wall CTA were performed to identify the location of intercostal space and the calibre of IMAP. Intraoperatively, the number of IMAP, the diameters of corresponding arteries and accompanying veins in the recipient site were recorded. All patients were included in the scheduled postoperative follow-up through outpatient clinic or via WeChat. The quality of flap survival was evaluated, the condition of breast appearance and recovery of the abdominal donor site were evaluated according to the breast cancer patient reported outcome measures (BREAST-Q). Results:All the 18 patients had the IMAP visualised in surgery, with 13 had the IMAP located at the second intercostal space and 3 at the third intercostal space. The other 2 patients were found with the IMAP located in both the second and third intercostal spaces, in which 1 was found that both of IMAP were suitable for anastomosis. It was also found that there was 1 accompanying vein in 15 breasts and 2 accompanying veins in 2 breasts. One breast had found without an accompanying vein. The diameters of arteries were 1.1 mm±0.1 mm and that of the veins were 1.8 mm±0.3 mm. The average follow-up period was 28 months, ranged from 6 to 40 months. Of the 18 flaps, 17 were completely survived. Venous compromise occurred in 1 flap due to extensive venous thrombosis, and it was replaced with a breast implant. No patient experienced concave deformities in the reconstructed breasts. Seventeen patients with an average BREAST-Q score of 94.4. One patient with a BREAST-Q score of 79.0.Conclusion:IMAP can serve as a reliable recipient vessel for immediate breast reconstruction with DIEPF after breast cancer surgery. With strict selection criteria, this technique could be put on further trials with larger sample size and multi-centres.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder with a high rate of relapse, disability and suicide. Safe, effective and rapid onset non-invasive neuromodulation therapy technology is becoming a research hotspot in the treatment of bipolar disorder. In this paper, the latest clinical research progress of the main techniques in this field is summarized and reviewed, and its future prospects is also forecasted.