Objective To summarize and analyze the efficacy and influencing factors of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute leukemia relapsing after the first allo-HSCT. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with acute leukemia who underwent second allo-HSCT at Peking University First Hospital from January 2005 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 17 patients, 7 achieved long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation. The median progression-free survival after successful second transplantation was 7 months (range 8 days to 69 months). The relapse fatality was 24%, and the transplant-related fatality was 35%. Conclusions Second transplantation is an effective treatment for relapsed and refractory acute leukemia, but the relapse fatality and transplant-related fatality remain high. Patient age, time of relapse after the first transplantation and disease status before second transplantation are all factors that affect the efficacy of second transplantation. Younger age, late relapse and complete remission of disease before second transplantation are all beneficial for long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of clinical routine X-ray irradiation dose (average irradiation dose: 29.7±0.54 Gy) on the function, apoptosis, activation state and mitochondrial function of platelets during in vitro storage, so as to provide experimental evidence for optimizing platelet irradiation strategies. Methods: A paired experimental design was adopted. Platelets were collected from 12 healthy donors, and each sample was equally divided into the irradiated group and the control group (non-irradiated). All samples were stored for 5 days under standard platelet preservation conditions (22±2℃, continuous oscillation). Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet count, apoptosis rate (Annexin V+ positive rate), activation markers (CD62P, PAC-1, CD42b) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Meanwhile, mitochondrial-specific probes were used to evaluate changes in mitochondrial count, membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe the ultrastructure of platelets, with a focus on mitochondrial morphology, platelet membrane integrity and granule distribution. Results: Within 5 days of storage, the platelet count was (841±89.16)×10 /L in the irradiated group and (824.5±92.88)×10 /L in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.54). The apoptosis rate was (4.94±1.39) % in the irradiated group and (5.50±0.83) % in the control group, showing no significant difference (P=0.31). For activation indicators, the CD62P expression rate was (24.32±7.57) % in the irradiated group versus (25.21±8.13) % in the control group (P=0.43). The PAC-1 positive rates were (12.15±4.43) % and (11.75±3.40) % in the irradiated group and control group, respectively (P=0.44). The CD42b expression rates were (12.14±4.43) % and (11.75±3.4) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.47). The ROS levels were (31.98±8.1) % and (30.64±5.89) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.45). No significant differences were found in the above indicators. For mitochondrial function indicators, the mitochondrial count was (55.88±11.49) % in the irradiated group and (53.5±7.24) % in the control group (P=0.57). The ATP contents were (42.45±5.29) % and (41.58±9.50) % in the irradiated group and control group, respectively (P=0.77). The relative membrane potential values were (59.53±10.89) % and (57.49±6.54) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.47). No significant difference were observed on the mitochondrial function-related indicators. TEM further confirmed that the ultrastructure of platelets in the irradiation group was intact, the mitochondrial morphology was normal, and no pathological changes such as swelling or vacuolization were observed. Conclusion: This study evaluated the impact of conventional-dose X-ray irradiation on platelet storage quality, confirming that this dose does not significant impair platelet count, apoptosis rate, activation status, or mitochondrial function. This finding provides important experimental evidence for the clinical promotion of X-ray irradiation technology and suggests its potential as a safe alternative to γ irradiation. Future studies could further expand the sample size and extend the observation period to verify the effects of X-ray irradiation on long-term platelet storage and post-transfusion in vivo survival rate.

AIM:To investigate the predictive value of central corneal thickness(CCT)and coefficient of variation(CV)of endothelial cell area for secondary glaucoma in patients with uveitis.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on uveitis patients admitted to our hospital from July 2023 to April 2025. Based on the occurrence of secondary glaucoma, patients were divided into an occurrence group and a non-occurrence group, and the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to screen for factors affecting poor prognosis. The predictive value of CCT and CV for secondary glaucoma in patients with uveitis was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS: A total of 100 uveitis patients(100 eyes)were included and categorized into an occurrence group(16 cases, 16 eyes)and a non-occurrence group(84 cases, 84 eyes), there were 9 males and 7 females in the occurrence group, with a mean age of 45.25±10.32 years, and there were 40 males and 44 females in the non-occurence group, with a mean age of 43.89±12.47 years. The CCT in the occurrence group was significantly lower than that in the non-occurrence group, while the CV was significantly higher than that in the non-occurrence group(both P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CCT was a protective factor, and CV was a risk factor for secondary glaucoma in patients with uveitis(both P<0.01). The areas under the ROC curve(AUC)for CCT and CV in predicting secondary glaucoma were 0.794 and 0.792, respectively. The combined predictive model yielded an AUC of 0.888, with a sensitivity of 98.15% and a specificity of 67.74%, demonstrating good predictive efficacy.CONCLUSION: CCT and CV have certain clinical value in predicting secondary glaucoma in uveitis patients. The combined diagnostic approach demonstrates higher efficacy and serves as an auxiliary indicator for assessing the risk of secondary glaucoma in patients with uveitis, allowing for targeted clinical prevention and treatment measures.

Implementation science (IS) aims to systematically analyze and address the real-world gaps from evidence to practice and the influencing factors of the context. It is necessary to carry out qualitative research to gather relevant implementation outcomes. Nevertheless, traditional qualitative analysis has issues such as consuming a great deal of time and energy, and it is unable to promptly provide the crucial data required for implementation science research. The Rapid Qualitative Analysis (RQA) method, through semi-structured interviews and the adoption of techniques such as immediate data condensation and matrix analysis, can effectively shorten the cycle of qualitative data collection and data processing. RQA can promptly identify social determinants of health such as structural barriers, facilitators, and the behavioral characteristics of target groups. It provides a real-time basis for public health decision-making, the interpretation of complex social phenomena, and the process and effectiveness evaluation of research projects. Although RQA is difficult to conduct in-depth theoretical analysis based on grounded theory, its efficiency and flexibility make it the preferred tool for large-scale and time-sensitive research. Thus, it has been widely applied in implementation science research. This paper sorts out the core concepts and commonly used technical methods of RQA, as well as the differences between RQA and traditional qualitative analysis. It also explores the applications of RQA in intervention optimization, process evaluation, and implementation outcome evaluation. By integrating specific cases, this paper clarifies its application value in the field of implementation science. In the future, it is advisable to explore the integration of RQA with technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, in order to bridge the gap between the transformation of scientific research achievements into practice. Under circumstances of limited resources or tight time constraints, RQA can be used to efficiently conduct implementation science research, providing convenient and scientific methodological and technical support for accelerating evidence-based practice.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） clinical trials face challenges such as low participant compliance， insufficient geographical coverage， and cost-effectiveness imbalances. Decentralized clinical trials （DCT）， enabled by digital technology for remote data collection and monitoring， offer a new direction for TCM clinical trial research. This article systematically reviews three novel clinical trial design models. Combining the holistic concept and indivi-dualized treatment characteristics of TCM， it analyzes the challenges currently faced in TCM DCT practice， including the digitization and standardization of TCM theory， data security， privacy protection and patient engagement difficu-lties， insufficient ethical review and regulatory system adaptation， inadequate personnel training， and a shortage of interdisciplinary talent. Addressing these challenges， the article proposes methodological recommendations for DCT implementation that align with the principles of TCM diagnosis and treatment. These recommendations include promoting the intelligentization and standardization of TCM practices， constructing a full-chain data security and privacy protection system， improving the ethical framework and clarifying regulatory responsibilities， and cultivating and building interdisciplinary talent and capabilities， which provide theoretical and technical references for establishing standardized DCT practices in TCM.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） clinical trials face challenges such as low participant compliance， insufficient geographical coverage， and cost-effectiveness imbalances. Decentralized clinical trials （DCT）， enabled by digital technology for remote data collection and monitoring， offer a new direction for TCM clinical trial research. This article systematically reviews three novel clinical trial design models. Combining the holistic concept and indivi-dualized treatment characteristics of TCM， it analyzes the challenges currently faced in TCM DCT practice， including the digitization and standardization of TCM theory， data security， privacy protection and patient engagement difficu-lties， insufficient ethical review and regulatory system adaptation， inadequate personnel training， and a shortage of interdisciplinary talent. Addressing these challenges， the article proposes methodological recommendations for DCT implementation that align with the principles of TCM diagnosis and treatment. These recommendations include promoting the intelligentization and standardization of TCM practices， constructing a full-chain data security and privacy protection system， improving the ethical framework and clarifying regulatory responsibilities， and cultivating and building interdisciplinary talent and capabilities， which provide theoretical and technical references for establishing standardized DCT practices in TCM.

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of influenza vaccination among the elderly, so as to provide insights into improving the strategies for influenza vaccination among the elderly. Methods: Elderly people aged 60 years and above were recruited from one community each in five sub-districts of Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region using a random sampling method. Demographic information, knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines, vaccine literacy and influenza vaccination status in the past year were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting influenza vaccination among the elderly were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 121 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.08%. There were 417 males (37.20%) and 704 females (62.80%). The majority were aged 60-<81 years, accounting for 80.37% (901 individuals). The awareness of knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines was 78.86%. Low vaccine literacy was observed in 786 individuals, representing 70.12%. The influenza vaccination rate was 20.96%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (71-<81 years, OR=1.607, 95%CI: 1.041-2.479; ≥81 years, OR=1.719, 95%CI: 1.040-2.842), educational level (middle school/technical secondary school, OR=0.616, 95%CI: 0.416-0.911), medical expense payment (employee medical insurance, OR=6.531, 95%CI: 2.030-21.010; resident medical insurance, OR=3.385, 95%CI: 1.095-10.466; public expense, OR=4.828, 95%CI: 1.700-13.712), vaccination willingness (yes, OR=6.237, 95%CI: 3.277-11.871), influenza vaccination history (yes, OR=14.600, 95%CI: 8.733-24.408) and vaccine literacy (medium and above, OR=2.412, 95%CI: 1.636-3.555) were associated with influenza vaccination among the elderly. Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate among the elderly was relatively low, and was mainly affected by age, educational level, medical expense payment, vaccination willingness, influenza vaccination history and vaccine literacy.

BACKGROUND:Many studies have focused on acupuncture,such as silver needles,for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation,but there are few studies based on the myofascial trigger point theory. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of silver needle comprehensive therapy on the ultrasound morphology and clinical efficacy of multifidus muscles in patients with lumbar disc herniation based on the theory of myofascial trigger points. METHODS:A total of 159 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were seen from January 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into three groups:conventional group(n=53),traditional acupuncture group(n=53),and silver needle group(n=53).The conventional group received routine western medicine treatment;the traditional acupuncture group used traditional acupuncture therapy based on meridian pathways and symptom localization;and the silver needle group used silver needle warm acupuncture at myofascial trigger points for intervention.All three groups received continuous treatment for 4 weeks.The number of myofascial trigger points,pain assessment,lumbar function evaluation,ultrasound morphology changes of multifidus muscles,clinical efficacy,and traditional Chinese medicine symptom score were recorded before and after treatment in the three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After treatment,the number of myofascial trigger points in the lumbar muscles decreased in all groups,and the silver needle group showed a significant reduction compared with the traditional acupuncture group and the conventional group(P<0.05).(2)The pain rating index score,visual analogue scale score,present pain intensity score,Oswestry disability index score,and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire score in the silver needle group were lower than those in the traditional acupuncture group and the conventional group(P<0.05).(3)The ultrasound morphology indexes of multifidus muscles in the silver needle group were superior to those in the traditional acupuncture group and the conventional western medicine group(P<0.05).(4)Traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores in the silver needle group were lower than those in the traditional acupuncture group and the conventional western medicine group(P<0.05).(5)There were significant differences in clinical efficacy among the three groups(P<0.05).To conclude,applying silver needle comprehensive therapy based on the theory of myofascial trigger points can effectively reduce pain,improve clinical efficacy,and enhance lumbar spine dysfunction and multifidus muscle morphology in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of omphalocele, and to assess the risk factors associated with adverse outcomes.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of 224 patients diagnosed with omphalocele, who were hospitalized at Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2013 to December 2022, were collected. Based on their discharge outcomes, the patients were classified into 2 groups: favorable outcomes and unfavorable outcomes. Chi-square test or continuity correction χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for intergroup comparisons. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in omphalocele. Results:Among the 224 patients with omphalocele, 126 were male. A total of 208 patients (92.9%) had favorable outcomes, while 16 patients (7.1%) had unfavorable outcomes. In the unfavorable outcomes group, 14 patients had giant omphaloceles, while 100 patients had giant omphaloceles in the favorable outcomes group. The rates of herniation of more than two intra-abdominal organs in the hernial sac, congenital heart defects, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hypertension, sepsis and infection of the hernial sac, were all higher in the unfavorable outcomes group compared to the favorable outcomes group (all P<0.05). Patients with unfavorable outcomes had longer mechanical ventilation time, duration of oxygen use, duration of parenteral nutrition, hospital stays, and higher rates of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis compared to those with favorable outcomes (all P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that pulmonary hypertension ( OR=9.39, 95% CI 1.20-73.32), sepsis ( OR=8.59, 95% CI 1.32-55.86), and congenital heart defects ( OR=6.55, 95% CI 1.11-38.73) were all independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in omphalocele (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Infants with omphalocele are prone to complications such as cardiovascular malformations, infections, and pulmonary hypertension. Adverse outcomes in omphalocele are associated with pulmonary hypertension, sepsis, and congenital heart defects.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta CSF2RB and granase A(GZMA)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 161 AMI patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from February 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the study objects,and were further divided into non-remodeling group(n=105)and remodeling group(n=56)according to whether ventricular remodeling was possible.A total of 85 patients with coronary heart disease who did not have myocardial infarction were taken as control group.The clinical data of patients were collected,and the expression levels of CSF2RB and GZMA mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Cardiac structural parameters were detected by echocardiography,and the relationship between CSF2RB and GZMA mRNA levels and cardiac structural parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation.The influencing factors of ventricular remodeling in AMI patients were analyzed by univariate and Logistic regression,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The mRNA expression of CSF2RB(1.15±0.28 vs 1.80±0.37),GZMA(0.85±0.16 vs 1.15±0.26),Cys C and Hcy levels were compared between the two groups,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-39.002～-4.854,all P<0.05).The follow-up was up to August 2024.Among 161 AMI patients who underwent PCI,56 cases had ventricular remodeling.The expression level of CSF2RB mRNA(1.85±0.31),GZMA mRNA(1.27±0.29)in the reconstructed group were significantly higher than that in the non-reconstructed group(1.71±0.34,1.12±0.30),and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.564,3.057,all P<0.001).LAD,LVEDD,LVPWTd and IVST in the postoperative reconstruction group were higher than those in the non-reconstruction group(t=11.247～26.008),and LVEF was lower than that in the reconstruction group(t=-15.271),with statistical significance(all P<0.001).The level of CSF2RB and GZMA in AMI patients was positively correlated with LAD,LVEDD,LVPWTd and IVST(rCSF2RB mRNA=0.657～0.754,rGZMA mRNA=0.512～0.745),and negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.684,-0.754),with statistical significance(all P<0.05).There was a statistically significant differences in the levels of Cys C and Hcy between the reconstructed group and non-reconstructed group after the use of aldehyed steroid receptor antagonsts(t=5.495,20.710,30.906,all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that CSF2RBmRNA＞1.79,GZMAmRNA＞1.18,Hcy＞20.15μmol/L and no use of aldosterol receptorantagonists were independent risk factors for ventricular remodeling in AMI patients.LVEF＞58.11%was an independent protective factor for ventricular remodeling in AMI patients(Wald χ2=1.137～3.206,P<0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of CSF2RB and GZMA in PBMC of AMI patients were significantly increased.CSF2RB and GZMA are independent risk factors for postoperative ventricular remodeling in patients with AMI,and can be used as potential diagnostic markers for ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.