Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

The occurrence of diabetes mellitus （DM） is closely related to insulin resistance and islet β cell dysfunction. Modern studies have found that macrophages are widely present in the liver，fat，skeletal muscle，islets， and other tissues and organs. Macrophage M1/M2 polarization plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and its related complications by intervening in inflammatory response，improving insulin resistance，and promoting tissue repair. Most of the traditional Chinese medicines that regulate the activation and polarization of macrophages are Qi-replenishing and Yin-nourishing，heat-clearing， and detoxicating medicinal，which are consistent with the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications. Therefore，by summarizing the mechanisms between macrophage activation，polarization， and insulin resistance in various tissues，this paper reviewed traditional Chinese medicine and its effective components and compounds in improving diabetes mellitus and its related complications through multi-channel regulation of macrophage polarization and regulation of M1/M2 ratio，providing references for the future treatment of DM and its related complications with traditional Chinese medicine.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by abnormal synchronous neuronal discharges in the brain, often accompanied by various complications. The pathogenesis of epilepsy has not yet been fully elucidated. Optogenetics, a cutting-edge technique that integrates optics and genetics, enables precise modulation of specific neurons by regulating light-sensitive proteins. Utilizing optogenetic technology has facilitated the dissection of neural circuits involved in epileptic seizures within brain regions such as the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus. It has also helped identify potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy-related complications, including cognitive impairment, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and mood disorders.However, in the process of advancing from basic research to clinical treatment, its translational path is profoundly influenced by factors such as stimulation modes (the choice between open-loop and closed-loop systems), key parameters (light frequency), and intervention strategies (unilateral or bilateral target selection). The individualized customization of these factors represents the future direction for overcoming current translational bottlenecks and achieving precise treatment.

Objective:To establish a rapid method for determination of iodine in water by sodium persulfate oxidation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Methods:A 100 μl of 30% sodium persulfate solution was added to 10 ml of water sample, followed by reaction at room temperature for 30 min. A 50 μg/L mixed solution containing indium and 8 other elements was used as the internal standard solution. The flow ratio of the internal standard solution to the test solution was 1∶7. The iodine in water was determined by ICP-MS. The linear range, detection limit, accuracy, precision, and anti-interference ability of the method were evaluated.Results:Iodine in water could be determined and had a good linear relationship within the range of 0 - 100 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient ( r) of ≥0.999 9. The detection limits of potassium iodate and potassium iodide were 0.07 and 0.08 μg/L, respectively, and the quantitation limits were 0.24 and 0.26 μg/L, respectively. The low, medium, and high concentration spiked recovery rates of six substrate water samples (source water, treated water, end-use water, packaged drinking water, packaged mineral water, and natural mineral water) ranged from 94.0% to 104.0%, with a relative standard deviations ( RSD) ranged from 0.5% to 2.8%. Interference test confirmed that 29 elements (at 1.00 mg/L) did not affect the determination of iodine at 6.00 μg/L. The determination results of the standard substance (GBW09114K) for iodine content in water were all within the standard range (56.0 - 68.0 μg/L), with an RSD of 0.6%. Conclusions:A method for rapid determination of iodine in water by the sodium persulfate oxidation ICP-MS method is successfully established. This method is easy to operate, has high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for batch analysis of iodine in drinking water and mineral water.

Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP)causes substantial suffering for cancer patients and also diminishes their quality of life and self-esteem.The mechanisms underlying CIBP are complex and evolve progressively with cancer advancement.Current treatment options show limited efficacy and are often accompanied by adverse effects.Traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates potential advantages in managing CIBP;however,the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood and require further investigation.The development of a standardized,stable,and reproducible animal model is crucial to advancing research on disease pathogenesis and verifying the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.This review considers recent method for modeling CIBP in animals and summarizes the application of these models in studies of traditional Chinese medicine mechanisms,with the aim of guiding future research directions in CIBP.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between frailty and falls among older adult residents in communities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods:This study is a prospective research. In June 2024, the 1 047 older adults (aged 65 years and older) included in the "A longitudinal cohort study of aged population in Xinjiang" (ChiCTR2400093292) were followed up. The Fried frailty phenotype was used to assess the frailty status of the participants, and general information was collected, including whether the participants had experienced falls in the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for falls among older adults in communities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Results:Among the 1 047 participants, the incidence of falls among older adults was 10.2% (107/1 047). There were significant differences in frailty status and age between case and control groups (both P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that frailty and increasing age are risk factors for falls among older adults in communities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The more severe the frailty, the greater the risk of falls ( χ2 = 7.57, P < 0.006, OR = 2.509, 95% CI: 1.303-4.830). Similarly, the greater the age, the greater the risk of falls ( χ2=8.94, P = 0.003, OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.013-1.064). Conclusions:Falls among older adults in communities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are closely associated with frailty. It is essential to improve the assessment and screening of fall risks in frail older adults and to develop effective and appropriate fall prevention measures for this high-risk population.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by abnormal synchronous neuronal discharges in the brain, often accompanied by various complications. The pathogenesis of epilepsy has not yet been fully elucidated. Optogenetics, a cutting-edge technique that integrates optics and genetics, enables precise modulation of specific neurons by regulating light-sensitive proteins. Utilizing optogenetic technology has facilitated the dissection of neural circuits involved in epileptic seizures within brain regions such as the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus. It has also helped identify potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy-related complications, including cognitive impairment, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and mood disorders.However, in the process of advancing from basic research to clinical treatment, its translational path is profoundly influenced by factors such as stimulation modes (the choice between open-loop and closed-loop systems), key parameters (light frequency), and intervention strategies (unilateral or bilateral target selection). The individualized customization of these factors represents the future direction for overcoming current translational bottlenecks and achieving precise treatment.

Objective:To establish an atomic fluorescence detection method for bismuth and bismuth telluride (Bi 2Te 3) in the air of workplaces. Methods:In March 2024, the acetate-fiber filter material was digested by ultrawave and detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry to obtain the content of bismuth and Bi 2Te 3 in the air of the workplace. Results:The correlation coefficients of standard curve were above 0.9990, The detection limit of bismuth was 0.02 μg/L, the minimum detection concentration was 0.02 μg/m 3, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.06 μg/m 3, the minimum detection concentration and the minimum quantitation concentration of Bi 2Te 3 was 0.03 μg/m 3 and 0.09 μg/m 3 respectively. The digestion efficiency ranged from 98.6% to 102 %, the RSDs of intra-batch and inter-batch were below 1.3% and 4.0% respectively. The samples were stable within 7 days, and interference elements of 1.0 mg/L (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn, Zr) do not affect the detection of bismuth. Conclusion:This method is simple, fast, accurate, and highly sensitive, and can meet the requirements of the determination of bismuth and bismuth telluride in the air of working place.

Multimorbidity has become a widely recognized public health problem worldwide. Identifying multimorbidity patterns can improve not only the efficiency of healthcare resource utilization but also patients' prognosis. This article summarizes three common approaches for the identification of multimorbidity patterns: association analysis methods (including association rule mining and network analysis), classification methods (including cluster analysis, latent class analysis, and latent transition analysis), and dimensionality reduction and feature extraction methods (including principal component analysis, factor analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis), introduces the application of these methods using data from the UK Biobank to identify multimorbidity patterns and discusses and compares the results of case analysis to provide reference for the selection of appropriate methods for multimorbidity pattern research.

Objective:To evaluate the role of ferroptosis in reduction of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by sodium butyrate pretreatment in mice.Methods:Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-23 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), intestinal IRI group (IR group), intestinal IRI + sodium butyrate pretreatment group (IN group), intestinal IRI + sodium butyrate pretreatment+ FER-1 group (INF group), and intestinal IRI + sodium butyrate pretreatment + Erastin group (INE group). The intestinal IRI model was established by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min in S group. In IN, INF and INE groups, sodium butyrate was administered by gavage at a dose of 500 mg/kg daily at 1 week before developing the model, while the equal volume of normal saline was given by gavage in the other two groups. The ferroptosis inhibitor FER-1 5 mg/kg and ferroptosis agonist Erastin 30 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected at 1 h prior to ischemia in INF and INE groups. Mice were sacrificed after anesthesia at the end of reperfusion to obtain small intestinal tissues for examination of the pathological changes (using light microscopy) which were scored according to Chiu and for determination of the contents of Fe 2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide(GSSG) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) (by Western blot). The ratio of GSH to GSSG was calculated. Results:Compared to S group, Chiu′s scores and contents of MDA and Fe 2+ were significantly increased, the expression of GSH, GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 was down-regulated, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in IR group ( P<0.001). Compared to IR group, Chiu′s scores and contents of MDA and Fe 2+ were significantly decreased, the expression of GSH, GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 was up-regulated, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was increased in IN and INF groups ( P<0.001). Compared to IN group, Chiu′s scores and contents of MDA and Fe 2+ were significantly increased, the expression of GSH, GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 was down-regulated, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in INE group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Ferroptosis is involved in sodium butyrate pretreatment-induced reduction of intestinal I/RI in mice.