Objective:To evaluate surgical strategies and clinical outcomes in supra-labyrinthine cholesteatoma management, providing evidence-based guidance for therapeutic decision-making. Methods:Seven patients with supra-labyrinthine cholesteatoma in our hospital from 2021 to 2023 were enrolled in this study. The clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and surgical outcomes of patients were retrospectively analyzed. A systematic literature review focused on surgical anatomy correlations and imaging-based approach selection. Results:All seven cases of supra-labyrinthine cholesteatoma were unilateral. Preoperative otoendoscopy, CT, and intraoperative findings confirmed that they were classified as supral-abyrinthine cholesteatoma according to Sanna's classification. Two cases were operated entirely with otoendoscopy, three cases used a postauricular approach with microscopic assistance, and two cases involved a combined approach with endoscopy and microscopy. Hearing reconstruction with ossicular prosthesis was performed in five cases, while two cases did not undergo hearing reconstruction due to preoperative anacusis confirmed by both subjective and objective hearing tests. In all seven cases, various segments of the facial nerve were exposed during surgery, but postoperative facial nerve function remained intact, hearing was preserved, no cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred, and no recurrences have been observed to date（as of June 2024）. Conclusion:With the advancement of imaging techniques and microsurgical technology, early diagnosis and surgical methods for supral-abyrinthine cholesteatoma have significantly improved. Compared to traditional approaches, the newer methods reduce unnecessary complications and offer advantages such as minimal surgical trauma, superior hearing preservation rates, and shorter recovery times with better postoperative neural function. This study reviews recent literature on petroclival cholesteatomas, combined with our own cases, to analyze the classification of supral-abyrinthine cholesteatoma and surgical approach selection. The findings aim to optimize treatment strategies and guide appropriate surgical methods, ultimately improving patient prognosis and quality of life.
Humans ; Cholesteatoma/surgery* ; Ear, Inner/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the role of RNA helicase DDX5 in renal interstitial fibrosis and its potential mechanism, and provide possible molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis.Methods:The animal and cell models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and DDX5-pharmacological and genetic blocking were established. Twenty-four male mice aged 6-8 weeks and weighting about 18-22 g were divided into sham operation group, UUO group, sham operation+RX5902 group and UUO+RX5902 group by random number table method, with 6 mice in each group. Supinoxin (RX5902, a phosphorylated DDX5 inhibitor, 75 mg/kg) was administered by gavage in mice in the sham operation+RX5902 group and UUO+RX5902 group on day 0 and day 3 after the operation, respectively. The mice were sacrificed to collect kidney specimens one week after the surgery. The human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells) was routinely cultured and divided into control group, scramble siRNA group, DDX5 siRNA group, TGF-β1 group, scramble siRNA+TGF-β1 group and DDX5 siRNA +TGF-β1 group. The dosage of RX5902 was 20 nmol/L, and the dosage of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was 10 ng/ml. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate renal tubule injury and collagen fiber deposition. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein expression levels of DDX5 and fibrosis-related indexes such as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle. Results:In comparison to sham operation group, UUO group exhibited significantly elevated protein expression levels of fibronectin, α-SMA and DDX5 in kidney tissues (all P<0.05), accompanied by notable nuclear translocation of DDX5. TGF-β1 stimulation facilitated the upregulation of fibronectin, α-SMA, and DDX5 expression, as well as DDX5 nuclear translocation in HK-2 cells (all P<0.05). Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of DDX5 attenuated UUO or TGF-β1-induced elevated protein levels of fibronectin and α-SMA. Compared with scramble siRNA+TGF-β1 group, DDX5 siRNA+TGF-β1 group exhibited reduced protein expression levels of fibronectin, α-SMA and DDX5 in HK-2 cells (all P<0.05). Compared with UUO group, UUO+RX5902 group showed alleviation of renal epithelial cell exfoliation, renal tubule atrophy or lumen dilation and decreased scores of both tubular injury and interstitial collagen deposition, along with reduced protein expression levels of fibronectin, α-SMA and DDX5 (all P<0.05). Similarly, RX5902 inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibrotic responses in HK-2 cells (all P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis results revealed that TGF-β1 stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of HK-2 cells in the G2/M phase. Conversely, silencing of DDX5 led to a significant reduction in the proportion of HK-2 cells in the G2/M phase (all P<0.05). Conclusions:DDX5 is significantly elevated in the renal tissues of UUO mice and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. The pharmacological and genetic blockade of DDX5 can delay renal fibrosis by reducing cell cycle arrest and alleviating cell damage.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value and safety of thoracic radiotherapy in patients with synchronous oligometastatic, driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as first-line treatment.Methods:Data were retrospectively collected from 55 patients diagnosed with synchronous oligometastatic, driver gene-negative NSCLC who received first-line ICIs from January 2017 to March 2022. These patients were categorized into two groups based on the administration of thoracic radiotherapy: the thoracic radiotherapy group ( n = 27) and the non-thoracic radiotherapy group ( n = 28). Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate survival outcomes and safety profiles between the two groups. Results:Among the 55 patients, 27 (49.1%) received thoracic radiotherapy. The median follow-up time was 37.0 months (2.2-76.7 months). Patients in the thoracic radiotherapy group exhibited significantly improved median overall survival (OS: 53.4 vs. 21.3 months, P = 0.049) and median progression-free survival (PFS: 13.6 vs. 8.3 months, χ2=4.11, P = 0.043) compared to those in the non-thoracic radiotherapy group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified thoracic radiotherapy as an independent prognostic factor for OS ( HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.90, P = 0.027) and PFS ( HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28-0.99, P = 0.046). The most common grade 3 or higher toxicity was bone marrow suppression, occurring in seven patients (12.7%). There was no significant difference between both groups in the incidence of grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events, including pneumonitis. Conclusion:In patients with driver gene-negative, synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC, first-line immunotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy may improve survival outcomes without increasing the incidence of severe treatment-related adverse events. Further large-scale, randomized prospective trials are needed to verify the findings of this study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the early clinical outcomes of the Xcor^TM transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) system in treating severe aortic stenosis. This study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200065593). METHODS: This single-arm, prospective clinical trial enrolled patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with the Xcor^TM TAVR system at the Section of Heart Valve & Coronary Artery Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. Perioperative and follow-up parameters were compared to evaluate differences in hemodynamic outcomes. All-cause mortality, aortic regurgitation, paravalvular leakage, cerebrovascular events, and reoperation were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with severe aortic stenosis were included (20 males, 12 females), with (70.9±4.3) years old and a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score of 6.45% (6.07%, 7.28%). Notably, 87.5% of patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class≥Ⅲ. All patients underwent successful Xcor^TM bioprosthesis implantation, achieving an immediate technical success rate of 100.0% and device success rate of 96.9%. Mean aortic valve gradient decreased from (55.21±23.17) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (8.45±5.30) mmHg, peak aortic jet velocity decreased from (4.66±0.85) m/s to (1.99±0.48) m/s, aortic valve area increased from (0.66±0.21) cm² to (2.09±0.67) cm² (all P<0.01). Intraoperative ventricular fibrillation occurred in one patient, while one case exhibited moderate prosthetic valve regurgitation and paravalvular leakage post-procedure. At 12-month follow-up, sustained improvements were observed in cardiac function, left ventricular ejection fraction, hemodynamic parameters, and SF-12 quality-of-life scores (all P<0.01). All-cause mortality was 12.5% (4/32), with 13.8% (4/29) developing moderate paravalvular leakage. CONCLUSIONS The Xcor^TM TAVR system demonstrated favorable early outcomes in severe aortic stenosis patients, significantly improving symptoms and hemodynamics while exhibiting excellent performance in preventing malignant arrhythmias and coronary obstruction.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged, 80 and over ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Middle Aged

The full-arch immediate implant restoration technique is one of the mainstream treatment options for edentulous patients.With the changes in disease patterns,health concepts,and the emphasis on the"patient-centered"philosophy,restoring function is no longer the sole goal of treatment for patients with tooth loss.Other factors such as patient expectations,improvements in quality of life,aesthetics,low economic burden,and convenience of maintenance are also important indicators for evaluating treatment outcomes.Pa-tient-reported outcomes provide a new perspective for assessing the effectiveness of full-arch immediate implant restoration.This study reviews the application and research progress of patient-reported outcomes in full-arch immediate implant restoration techniques,sys-tematically summarizing four evaluation indicators(oral health-related quality of life,quality of life,patient satisfaction,and health economic evaluation),in order to provide reference for clinical decision-making and humanistic care pathways in full-arch immediate implant restoration techniques.

Objective:Committee of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery(CMICS) conducts an annual summary of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery procedures performed throughout the country, which includes a comprehensive survey of the total number of minimally invasive procedures by region and the distribution of minimally invasive procedures by hospital. Since CMICS first published the 2018-2019 China Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Data White Paper in 2020, the report has received great attention from peers within and outside the industry. In this statistical report, CMICS will focus on publishing the data related to minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery in China from 2021 to 2023 for reference and use by industry peers.

Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease involving disorders of lipid and iron metabolism.The establishment of suitable animal models is required to further the study of the etiology,pathogenesis,prevention,and therapeutic measures of AS.The main animal models of AS related to iron and lipid metabolism are mice and miniature piglets,especially male ApoE-/-mice.Single-factor high-fat diet-induced iron and lipid metabolism disorders are a common type of AS model,manifesting as elevated blood lipid levels,large plaques and iron deposition in the aorta,and significant increases in serum and liver iron levels.This review compares the effects of different intervention factors on iron and lipid metabolism in AS animal models,and summarizes the method of establishing AS animal models using dietary induction,chemical intervention,and gene modification,to provide references and inspiration for future research into AS and metabolic diseases and the development of new drugs.

Objective:To explore the distribution and determinants of abnormal blood lipid metabolism among flying personnel with lumbar disc herniation and with different flying hours and to provide data for targeted intervention strategies.Methods:The hospitalization data of 214 male flying personnel was retrospectively analyzed who were admitted to the Air Force Medical Center between September 2020 and September 2023, diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion, and underwent blood lipid testing within 24 h of admission. According to the hours of flying, they were divided into <1 000 h group (45 cases), 1 000-<3 000 h group (107 cases), and ≥3 000 h group (62 cases). The blood lipid biochemical indicators [total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)], basic information and personal history of the flying personnel were collected. The detection rates of blood lipid metabolism disorders among flying personnel with different durations of flight were compared. The chi-square test for linear trend was used to find out whether there was a trend of linear changes in the detection rates of various blood lipid disorders. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the determinants of abnormal blood lipid metabolism.Results:There were significant differences in age, levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-HDL-C between flying personnel in different flying hours groups ( F=80.76, 4.67, 4.00, 6.35, P<0.001,=0.010, 0.020, 0.002). The levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-HDL-C in the 1 000-<3 000 h group were higher than those in the <1 000 h group ( P=0.023, 0.029, 0.003). The total detection rate of elevated triglyceride was the highest (28.04%). There was a significant difference in the detection rate of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the 3 groups ( χ2=6.50, P=0.039), which was lower in the 1 000-<3 000 h group than in the <1 000 h group ( P=0.010). The results of the chi-square analysis of linear association showed that with the increase of flight duration, there was a linear decrease in the detection rates of elevated total cholesterol and elevated non-HDL-C ( χ2=4.17, 4.16, P=0.041, 0.041). The univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the <1 000 h, the 1 000-<3 000 h was an influencing factor for elevated triglyceride ( OR=4.406, 95% CI: 1.604-12.103) and elevated non-HDL-C ( OR=6.217, 95% CI: 1.403-27.551) while body mass index was an influencing factor for elevated total cholesterol ( OR=1.237, 95% CI: 1.055-1.450) and elevated non-HDL-C ( OR=1.298, 95% CI: 1.087-1.548). Current smoking was an influencing factor for elevated triglyceride ( OR=3.214, 95% CI:1.700-6.078) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR=3.200, 95% CI: 1.724-5.941). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index was a risk factor for elevated total cholesterol ( OR=1.245, 95% CI: 1.054-1.471) and elevated non-HDL-C ( OR=1.301, 95% CI: 1.082-1.564). Current smoking was a risk factor for elevated triglyceride ( OR=3.439, 95% CI: 1.550-7.631) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR=4.047, 95% CI: 1.901-8.729). Conclusions:Flying personnel with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and with different flying hours exhibit distinct features of phased blood lipid metabolism disorders. The triglyceride levels of those with 1 000-<3 000 h deserve more attention while the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should be brought under control for those with <1 000 h. It is recommended that hierarchical interventions be exercised according to flight stages, and that priority be given to controlling daily adjustable behavioral factors such as body mass index and smoking.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. extract (HCE) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. METHODS: Components identification of HCE was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Mice were sensitized with OVA to establish asthmatic model, and dexamethasone was used as positive control. Respiratory reactivity, white cells counting in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood, cytokine level measurement in serum and lung tissue, and histologic examination were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HCE on asthma. Network pharmacology approach was used for mechanism prediction. Western blotting and untargeted lipidomics method were applied for mechanism validation. RESULTS: Fifty-two compounds were identified in HCE, predominantly terpenoids and flavonoids. HCE markedly reduced airway resistance, the eosinophil infiltration in lung tissues, and the levels of immunoglobulin E, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13. Network pharmacology analysis suggested phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) may be key proteins of HCE in the treatment of allergic asthma. Western blot results indicated that the levels of phosphorylated PI3K, JNK, and P38 were downregulated in HCE-treated group. Moreover, HCE significantly upregulated the levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin and downregulated the level of phosphatidylcholine. CONCLUSION HCE inhibited allergic asthma via PI3K/JNK/P38 signaling pathway and lipid homeostasis regulation.

Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Chinese agarwood comprises the resin-containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg., traditionally utilized for treating asthma, cardiac ischemia, and tumors. However, comprehensive research regarding its anti-GC effects and underlying mechanisms remains limited. In this study, Chinese agarwood petroleum ether extract (CAPEE) demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against human GC cells, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for AGS, HGC27, and MGC803 cells of 2.89, 2.46, and 2.37 μg·mL^-1, respectively, at 48 h. CAPEE significantly induced apoptosis in these GC cells, with B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) associated X protein (BAX)/BCL-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK) likely mediating CAPEE-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, CAPEE induced G₀/G₁ phase cell cycle arrest in human GC cells via activation of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage-p21-cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) signaling axis, and increased Fe²⁺, lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thereby inducing ferroptosis. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting analyses revealed CAPEE-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human GC cells. RNA interference studies demonstrated that HO-1 knockdown reduced CAPEE sensitivity and inhibited CAPEE-induced ferroptosis in human GC cells. Additionally, CAPEE administration exhibited robust in vivo anti-GC activity without significant toxicity in nude mice while inhibiting tumor cell growth and promoting apoptosis in tumor tissues. These findings indicate that CAPEE suppresses human GC cell growth through upregulation of the DNA damage-p21-cyclin D1/CDK4 signaling axis and HO-1-mediated ferroptosis, suggesting its potential as a candidate drug for GC treatment.
Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1/genetics* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/genetics* ; DNA Damage/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Thymelaeaceae/chemistry* ; Up-Regulation/drug effects*