Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a clinically significant pathogen widely distributed in food production environments. Its ability to form biofilms on food contact surfaces enhances 50 environmental persistence, increases antibiotic resistance 10–1500-fold, and poses serious challenges for food safety and public health. In Mongolia, data on the biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus in meat processing and retail environments are limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 437 samples collected from meat supply and retail sites, including raw meat, aprons, counters, trolleys, and workers’ hands. Isolation and confirmation of S. aureus were performed using MNS 6308:2012 and ISO 6888-1:2021 standards, followed by PCR amplification of the species-specific nucA gene (270 bp). Biofilm formation was evaluated using the microtiter plate assay with 0.5% glucose supplemented tryptic soy broth and optical density at 490 nm, and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests with p< 0.05 considered significant. Of the 437 samples, 14.2% (62/437) were contaminated with S. aureus. Contamination was higher in retail markets (25.9%) than supply sites (9.3%). Among isolates, 40.3% exhibited biofilm-forming ability: 29.0% weak, 9.7% moderate, and 1.6% strong. Biofilm formation did not significantly differ by sampling site or sample type (p>0.05). SEM imaging revealed distinct biofilm architectures with polysaccharide matrices at 80,000× magnification. A considerable proportion of S. aureus isolates from meat processing and retail environments exhibited biofilm forming ability, posing a potential risk for cross-contamination and persistent foodborne transmission. Strengthened hygiene and sanitation measures are essential to control biofilm-associated S. aureus contamination in Mongolia’s meat production and supply chain.

Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. It can be prevented by identifying pre-cancer lesions at early stages using Pap smear screening and treating these lesions. Knowledge and attitude on cervical cancer and Pap smear tests are associated with actual participation in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate cervical cancer and Pap smear knowledge and attitudes among Mongolian women. Materials and Methods A total of 671 women aged 30 to 60 years from urban and rural areas participated in the study. The multiple clusters sampling method was used. We examined the relations of socio-demographic characteristics with lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards Pap smear tests by using a multilogistic regression analysis. Result The response rate was 89% (671/750). 62% of the participants correctly answered less than 4 out of 8 questions about cervical cancer risk factors. Also 47,2% and 79,3% of the total number of the women had never heard of Pap Smear and HPV. Only 16,4% of the respondents have some knowledge about them. Almost all (93%) participants agreed that there is a defficiency of information about cancer and its screening.58% and 28% of respondents said that they would participate in Pap smear tests voluntarily and agree to vaccinate their daughters. Positive attitude on Pap smear tests was higher among women living in rural areas and those who have had a Pap smear test. Conclusions Cervical cancer and Pap smear knowledge and attitude among the women in Mongolia are low. Having higher education and higher income level did not ensure positive attitude to cervical cancer screening. Strategies for communicating accurate information about cervical cancer, prevention, and detection as well as risk and treatment of cervical cancer are needed.

Introduction: There is an increasing need to study traditional medical sourcebooks and explanatory materials to enrich and develop medicalconcepts and clinical practices. Objectives: To determine nomenclature, origin, and classification of calcite using traditional medical sourcebooks and explanatory materials. Results and conclusion: Although there are many types of calcite, five kinds of calcite namely male, female, son, daughter and neutral can be used for medicines as written in the sourcebooks. These types of calcites should be subdued or burned and processed with horse milk, alcohol, cow milk and animal gallstones in regard to a disease course.

The reason behind the research According to officially registered note, Ali ibn Abbas was a pioneer in psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine. He described how the physiological and psychological aspects of a patient can have an effect on one another in his Complete Book of the Medical Art. He found a correlation between patients who were physically and mentally healthy and those who were physically and mentally unhealthy, and concluded that "joy and contentment can bring a better living status tomany who would otherwise be sick and miserable due to unnecessary sadness, fear, worry and anxiety. Franz Alexander led the movement looking for the dynamic interrelation between mind and body.Sigmund Freud pursued a deep interest in psychosomatic illnesses following his correspondence with Georg Grodeck who was, at the time, researching the possibility of treating physical disorders through psychological processes. In the main hand book of Dharma Four basic tantras or treatises of medicine there are number of afflictive emotions, such as desire, hatred, ignorance and obscuration. These emotions impel karma (action) and create potencies in the mind that may ripen later as specific diseases. Going by this doctrine, traditional medicine lists basic disorders, divided into groups of four. The first group comprises disorders that result from the karma of previous lifetimes. Traditional medicine is based on the Buddhist belief that there are numerous unseen forces that can affect and even harm a person. These forces or spirits are suspected when there is no visible cause for a disorder. So our life style or the existence on the verge of nomadic and modern medical knowledge can easily give us a chance to conduct comparative research The reason behind the research Research in traditional psychosomatic medicine.

The studies are proposed to identify a basis and demonstration related to the burial custom and funeral of death, basing on the ancient Chinese historical materials. The studies are reflected of historical source of materials of "History of Lyao1344 " and scripts of Khyatan Dynasty (1247) by using methods of anthropology and Hermeneutics and culturs. A nomadic Khyatan had lived in Mongolia from 907-1125 used orpiment, salt and bamboo brush to ejaculate a physical fluedfrom the death for the burial all which is to be proved with evidence of recent science studies. The burial custom is related to the Khyatan dynasty's confession and religion. Any historical studies of the khyatan's burial custom haven't been done yet amongthe scientist in our country. However, the studies materials of burial custom have been done by us is to became similar to those are the studies about funeral custom was made by Chinese scientists and historic Jun Chun(2010) Yan and Gu Ya Li.(2005)

Purpose; To control acupuncture of essential hypertension. Method;The design of the SHARP trial balanced rigorous clinical trial methodology with principles of TCM. Eligible participants had systolic blood pressure 140-179 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mm Hg in the absence of antihypertensive therapy. Acupuncture was delivered twice a week for 6 weeks.Follow –up visits were every 2 weeks. Result;At weeks 2, 4 and 6 ;both pre-acupuncture and post- acupuncture blood pressure were measured. Those time pre- acupuncture blood pressure decline than post –acupuncture(p<0.0001) . Conclusion;Acupuncture treatment had a significant negative influence reduction blood pressure.