Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in its pathogenesis not only drive keratinocyte hyperproliferation but are also associated with systemic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia, increasing the risk of multi-organ complications. In Mongolia, studies evaluating laboratory parameters among patients with psoriasis remain limited, which underscores the need for the present study. Aim: To assess selected laboratory parameters in patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical records of 678 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of psoriasis (ICD-10: L40) at the National Dermatology Center. Relevant laboratory data were extracted and analyzed. Results: Among the 678 patients, 397 (58.5%) were male and 281 (41.4%) were female, with a mean age of 42.6 ± 15.6 years. According to ICD-10 classification, 359 (52.9%) were diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris (L40.0). Disease severity was significantly higher in males (p = 0.006). The mean laboratory values were as follows: total cholesterol 5.35 ± 1.72 mmol/L, triglycerides 2.02 ± 7.83 mmol/L, glucose 5.34 ± 4.46 mmol/L, AST 32.27 ± 36.23 U/L, ALT 35.39 ± 38.52 U/L, and uric acid 320.39 ± 106.67 µmol/L. Significant sex-based differences were observed in ALT, AST (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0001), and uric acid levels (p < 0.0001). A weak positive correlation was identified between uric acid levels and body mass index (r = 0.16, p < 0.05). Conclusion Chronic systemic inflammation in psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Regular monitoring of laboratory parameters is a simple yet essential approach for early detection and prevention of comorbidities, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life

Background: Osteoporotic fractures remain a major concern for public health and the economy. Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by reduced bone density due to genetic, hormonal, mineral, and lifestyle factors. Although often asymptomatic, its primary complication is fractures, which lead to disability and loss of work capacity, impacting individuals, families, and society. In Mongolia, no long-term study has examined bone density changes and fracture risk factors, which forms the basis of this research. Aim: To assess 10-year changes in bone density and identify risk factors for fractures. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biomedicine, MNUMS. We have re-enrolled 133 adults from Ulaanbaatar between November 2023 and January 2024, originally part of the ‘Study of some risk and pathophysiological factors of osteoporosis in the Mongolian population’ funded by the Ministry of Health and the Science and Technology Fund of Mongolia. Data collection included questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, bone mineral density assessments using the ‘Sunlight Mini-Omni’ bone sonometer (Beammed, USA) Results: The mean age of participants was 54.4±9.6 years (N=133), with 33.1% (n=44) male and 66.9% (n=89) female. Among the participants, 51.1% had a history of bone fractures, with forearm fractures comprising 10.5% and other types of fractures accounting for 40.7%. The bone fractures was significantly higher among elderly individuals and those diagnosed with osteoporosis (p<0.05). The T-score was significantly lower in the fracture group than in the non-fracture group (p<0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was identified as a significant risk factor for fractures (p<0.05). Conclusion All participants’ bone density has decreased over the decade. Bone fractures are more common in elderly and people with osteoporosis. Inadequate vitamin D intake is a significant risk factor for bone fractures.

Study about caeserean section In nulliparous women Introduction: Cesarean section rates in Mongolia exceed WHO recommendations of 5–15%, reaching 27.6% nationally and 34.1% at the First Maternity Hospital between 2019–2023. C-sections, while life-saving, increase risks of hemorrhage, infection, uterine complications, and reduced maternal quality of life. This study aimed to analyze emergency C-sections by Robson classification and identify associated risk factors in groups 1, 2a, 3, and 4a. Materials and methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using 886 medical records (443 emergency C-sections and 443 vaginal deliveries) from 2021–2023. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 24.0, and binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Robson 2a was the most frequent category (43.8%), followed by 4a (25.7%), 1 (20.1%), and 3 (10.4%). Significant risk factors for emergency C-section included maternal age (p<0.001), early cervical dilation (<5 cm) at labor diagnosis (OR 3.54), abnormal CTG, pre-eclampsia, PROM, amniotomy, infertility, and malposition. Multivariate analysis showed PROM (aOR 14.66), amniotomy (aOR 6.85), fetal weight ≥4000 g (aOR 4.07), and maternal age (aOR 1.48) as key predictors. Conclusions: Emergency C-sections were most common in Robson group 2a. Major contributing factors included PROM, amniotomy, maternal age, macrosomia, and abnormal labor patterns. Targeted interventions to manage these risk factors could reduce unnecessary emergency C-sections.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Mongolia during last 10 years. Accordingly, increasing number of the procedures cardiac open heart surgeries in Mongolia.The aim is to evaluate of the scientific literature related toestimation of expenditure for open heart surgeries.Method: The literature search strategies were developed to identify published studies. The following literature databases were searched and collected individually: MEDLINE PubMed, Google and abstract books in Mongolian libraries.Result: Analyzed the 28 published literatures which made in estimation of expenditures for open heart surgery. The most of the study were generally focused on the expenses of diagnosis and treatments of open heart surgery. Literature showed that for patients not covered by health insurance, valve replacement surgery typically costs from about $80,000 -$200,000 or more with an average, according to an American Heart Association report, of $164,238, not including the doctor fee. A surgeon fee can add $5,000 or more to the final bill. For example, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in New Hampshire charges about $86,500, including doctor fee, after a 30% uninsured discount. St. Mary’s Hospital in Wisconsin charges an average of $107,000, but costs can reach $200,000 or more. AndBaptist Memorial Health Care charges about $75,000 -$140,000, not including doctor fee, but cost can go up to more than $200,000 with major complications. In Russia, total 700,000 people take surgery on annual average each year and on which they spend 10 902 500 000$ annually, it has been stated on Bokeriya.L found that 464 637.840 ruble annually on cardiac surgery coronary angioplasty surgery, 792 237 ruble on coronary heart disease surgery and 9 522 ruble on congenital heart defect repairment surgery. Up to per 15 years old children, 24 288 ruble spend on average. Bokeria et all reported that, expenses of medicine through ABC/VEN analysis, 47 types of medicines of A group(13.1% of total medicines) takes 79.62% of total expenses, 71 types of medicines of B group(19.8% of total medicines) takes 15.36% of total expenses, 242 types of medicines of C group(67.1% of total medicines) takes 5.02% of total expenses. Out of this report, N group’s portion of A group medicines takes 0.79% by VENanalysis. Approximate, all inclusive cost for open heart bypass surgery (CABG ) vary between USD 5500 - USD 7800, depending on the facility & city you chose to get the procedure done in India. D.Tsegeenjav and D.Bat-Undral reported the expenses on open heart surgery in Mongolia, as a result showed that health insurance spend 56 422 656 ₮ (appx 39,100,093$) for 156 numbers of procedures. But real cost expenditure was 440 300 000.00₮. It means health insurance spent 12.6% of total expenditure for procedures. Also health insurance expenditure for CABG and one valve replacement per patient were same as 643 272.00₮, but real expenditures for CABG was 2 000 000.00₮, and for one valve replacement surgery per patient was 5 000 000.00 ₮.Conclution: The scientific literatures showed that many studies related in estimation of expenditure for open heart surgery made in international countries such as Russia, USA, UK and India et all. But we didn’t found the study for estimation of expenditures for open heart surgery by using ABC/VEN analysis in Mongolia.References:1. Health indicators of Mongolia 2002-2012. Report of the state implementing agency.2. Цэгээнжав д, Бат-ундрал д. зүрхний нээлттэй мэс заслûн эмчилгээний зардлûн асуудалд, “авьяслаг шастинчууд 2013” эрдэм шинжилгээний хурлûн эмхэтгэл, х3-4Бокерия л. а.самородская и. в.ßрустовский и др., Oпыт применения авс- и ven-анализа в сердечно- сосудистой хирургии фгбу. Бюллетень нЦссх им. а.н. Бакулева рамн, 2012, ¹1, стр http://lekarius. ru/external/paper/26143. The European health report 2009: health and health system. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.4. Shear A, Scuffham P, Mollon P. The cost of coronary artery disease in the UK. Br. J. Cardiol. 2004. Vol. 11. P 218-223.5. Htt://health.costhelper.com/valve-replacement.html Heart valve replacement costKey words : Open heart surgery, expenditure