Background: In recent years, as the demand for orthodontic treatment has increased, the need to thoroughly investigate the causes of dental and skeletal malocclusions has become more important. In skeletal Class II malocclusion, mandibular deficiency prevalence for 70–80% of cases, maxillary excess for 10–20%, and a combination of both for approximately 15% (Figure 1). In cases associated with mandibular deficiency, clinical features include severe dental crowding, deep overbite, and reduced lower facial height. These conditions negatively affect facial profile, occlusion, masticatory function, and airway. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning are essential. Diagnosis: Skeletal Class II malocclusion, deepbite, and severe crowding. Treatment: in August 2025, using self-ligating brackets with posterior bite up placed on the molars. After 4 months, a temporary anchorage device (TAD) was inserted, and anterior retraction was performed along with vertical elastics. Within 7 months, the overjet was decreased from 7 mm to 3 mm, and the overbite decreased from 7.5 mm to 4.5 mm. Midline deviation and arch form were corrected, and molar and canine relationships improved to Angle Class I. The facial profile also showed noticeable improvement. Conclusion Within a relatively short period after treatment initiation, severe crowding was resolved, and both sagittal and vertical relationships of the anterior teeth improved to normal values. Molar and canine relationships were significantly improved, along with facial esthetics. This case demonstrates that with proper planning, TAD-supported orthodontic treatment can be an effective non-extraction approach for certain cases of skeletal Class II malocclusion with severe crowding.

Background: Globally, gastric cancer accounts for 1,089,000 new cases and 769,000 deaths annually, ranking fifth in overall cancer incidence and third in cancer-related mortality. The aim to determine HER2 expression in patients with gastric cancer and to evaluate its correlation with clinical and immunological biomarkers, as well as the need for further laboratory diagnostics. Aim: To determine HER2 expression in patients with gastric cancer and to evaluate its association with clinical and immunological biomarkers, as well as the potential need for further laboratory diagnostics. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using archived materials from patients with gastric cancer at the Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics, and Pathology Laboratories of the National Cancer Center of Mongolia, covering the period from 2019 to June 2025. HER2 protein expression in tumor tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH-HER2) was employed to confirm gene amplification. Statistical analysis was performed using the Prisma-10 software. Results: In our study, among 210 cases of gastric cancer evaluated by IHC for HER2, 46 (21.9%) were HER2-positive and 164 (78.1%) were HER2-negative. When comparing patients with gastric cancer stratified into HER2 1+ (negative) and HER2 3+ (positive) groups, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in age, sex, tumor location (surgically resected tissue), morphology, or disease stage. However, a higher proportion of males was noted in the HER2 3+ group (80.9%), though this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0879). Significant associations were found with tumor markers. Elevated serum CA-72-4 (>5 ng/mL) was more frequent in the HER2 3+ group (58.8%; p = 0.0069). In contrast, elevated CA-19-9 (>35 U/mL) was more common in the HER2 1+ group (93.5%; p = 0.0117), and elevated CEA (>6.9 U/mL) was also predominant in the HER2 1+ group (90.6%; p = 0.002). These findings suggest that HER2 3+ status predominates in cases with elevated CA-72-4, which may influence diagnostic strategies and HER2-targeted therapies (e.g., trastuzumab). Conversely, elevated CA-19-9 and CEA were more associated with HER2 1+ status, indicating a need for further detailed investigation of these markers in relation to HER2 expression. In patients evaluated by CISH for HER2 expression, stratification into HER2-positive and HER2-negative groups revealed no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in age, sex, tumor location, morphology, stage, or serum tumor markers (CA-72-4, CA-19-9, CEA). This suggests that HER2 status (positive/negative) may be independent of these variables. Although HER2 positivity was higher in poorly differentiated tumors (48% vs. 30.6% negative; p=0.1414) and in stage IV disease (50% vs. 39.3% negative; p=0.2607), these differences were not statistically significant. Elevated serum markers (CA-72-4, CA-19-9, CEA) were observed but showed no significant correlation with HER2 status. Conclusion Determining the molecular profile of gastric cancer patients can significantly contribute to refining clinical diagnosis, developing treatment strategies, enhancing therapeutic outcomes, and improving patients’ quality of life.

Background Varicose veins, or chronic venous insufficiency, become visibly noticeable from the second stage when veins start appearing on the surface of the skin. Symptoms include severe itching, pain, swelling, and inflammation. Chronic venous insufficiency is a common condition in countries such as China, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. Diagnosis of varicose veins relies on blood flow studies, coagulation tests, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Doppler ultrasound of the venous system. Patient B, a 43-year-old male, has experienced pain and swelling in the right lower limb vein for the past two years, especially when exposed to heat. Coagulation tests show PT and PT INR within normal range. Doppler ultrasound of the venous system revealed that the perforating vein is dilated to 0.45 cm and has valve insufficiency. In the deep veins, a width of 0.68 cm was measured, while superficial veins ranged between 0.46–0.59 cm. After receiving appropriate treatment from the Department of Fire Acupuncture, the patient’s symptoms have improved.

The result of endovascular surgical treatment of congenital heart disease Background: Over the last 10 years the advances in catheter based interventions for congenital heart disease(CHD) include new procedures, devices and almost 25% of all CHD are now can be treated by endovascular surgery. The purpose of this report was to evaluate the outcome and result of endovascular surgeries for congenital heart disease. Materials and methods: The study included all cases of endovascular surgeries at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health the period of 2014-2019. Results: Total 631 cases had intervention procedures and 377 (59.7%) cases had endovascular surgeries for CHD. 268 patients had patent ductus arteriosus device closure successfully while 57 had pulmonary artery valvuloplasty using balloons. Also 76 patients had device closure of atrial septal defect and 4 patients had device closure of ventricular septal defect using new multifunctional occluder. Another 20 patients had severe coarctation of aorta and had balloon dilatation and stenting as a life saving procedure. Conclusions: Endovascular surgery for CHD is a safe and effective alternative to open heart surgery.

Result the subtypes and effectiveness of functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) using a microdebrider Introduction: Chronic rhinitis in children has been on the rise in recent years, and polyps account for the majority of benign nasal cancers in children. Surgery is necessary when drug treatment is ineffective. We use pediatric rhinoplasty. Aimed at calculating the subtypes and effectiveness of Functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) using a microdebrider. Material and methods: The survey was conducted between March and April 2020, based on the Otolaryngology Surgery Department of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health, using the cross-section of analytical design under Objectives 1 and 2 and the longitudinal design under Objective 3. Under Objectives 1 and 2, participants' information was collected from a pre-prepared questionnaire from their medical history. The questionnaire has four chapters that provide general information about the patient, clinical signs, surgical structure, and biopsy results. The pain was assessed by the “Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20)”. A total of 98 patients were included in the statistical analysis of the survey results using the STATA 15.0 program, and the results of the surgery were evaluated by 20 patients. Results: In children with chronic rhinitis, the SNOT20 test showed a statistically significant difference of 1.6 ± 0.6 before surgery and an average of 0.51 ± 0.11 after surgery. Conclusion: In chronic rhinitis, FESS with microdebrider surgery is an effective treatment for children.

Antinociceptive effect of Deva-5 (Gentiana decumbens L., Terminalia Chebula Retz., Polygonium bistorta L., Momordica cochinchinensis Lour., Chiazospermum erectum Bernh) used in traditional medicine for treatment of infectious heat disease was examined in both chemically- and temperature-induced pain models of mice. Deva-5 administered orally at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the writhings induced by acetic acid from control values of 37.7±6.7 (N = 6) to 24.5±3.9 (N = 6) and 18,8±2,8 (N = 6), respectively (p<0.05). When administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg, Deva-5 reduced the paw licking time for the second phase of the formalin test from the control value of 92.6±12.9 s (N = 6) to 69.8±5.7 s (N = 6) and 70.1±11.7 s (N = 6), respectively (p<0.05). Deva-5 had no significant effect on the first phase of the formalin test. As evaluated by the tail immersion test, Deva-5 at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, showed no analgesic activity. These results show that Deva-5 has antinociceptive activity and suggest that this effect is probably an indirect anti-inflammatory effect, which does not involve the central nervous system.

Traditional medicine describes common flu as excessof blood and bile heat combined with microbes which results infectious heat. Deva-5is a decoction used which treats infectious heat. The aim of this study is to analyze components of Deva-5 decoction by traditional methods. Deva- 5 is composed of Gentianadecumbens L., Terminalia Chebula Retz., Polygonium bistorta L., Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) and Chiazospermum erectum Bernh.It has a cool power and dispels infectious heat andkills microbes. The main component of the decoctionis Gentiana decumbens L. Ithas a sweat taste and clears heat, kills microbes, and cures typhus. Medical practitioners of Mongolia, Tibet, and Tuva use Gentiana decumbens L.as a substitution to deva (sngo-de-ba).It has a bitter taste and a cool power. It also has antimicrobial and heat clearing effects. All components of Deva-5 decoction have a cool power and the decoction is compounded by power.

Traditional medicine describes common flu as excess of blood and bile heat combined with microbes which results infectious heat. Deva-5 is a decoction used which treats infectious heat. The aim of this study is to analyze components of Deva-5 decoction by traditional methods. Deva-5 is composed of Gentiana decumbens L., Terminalia Chebula Retz., Polygonium bistorta L., Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) and Chiazospermum erectum Bernh. It has a cool power and dispels infectious heat and kills microbes. The main component of the decoction is Gentiana decumbens L. It has a sweat taste and clears heat, kills microbes, and cures typhus. The effects of water extract of Deva-5 on pathogenic bacteria including Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococus aureus, and Escherichia coli were examined. Plates of bacteria treated with Deva-5 at 6 different concentrations (1 -30 %) were incubated at 37°C for 24 h and then the diameter of the circle of bacterial growth was measured. Amoxicillin, nistatin, flukanosol, and ciprofloxacin were used as comparison. Acute and chronic toxicities of Deva-5 were determined in mice. Deva-5 was given orally to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 28 days. In addition, therapeutic dose of Deva-5 was also determined in mice. Deva-5 inhibited growths of Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococus aureus at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %. Deva-5 more effectively inhibited growth of Streptococcus pneumonia than that of Staphylococus aureus. Growth of Escherichia coli was not inhibited by Deva-5 treatment. The median lethal dose of (LD50) of Deva-5 was 6.89 g/kg. There were no difference between the control and Deva-5-treated groups in movements, hair color, food consumption, and the number of offspring of mice. No histopathological changes were observed in solid organs of animals treated with Deva-5. Therapeutic doses of Deva-5 were found to be 50-150 mg/kg. These results suggest that Deva-5 has antibacterial effects in vitro and it is safe in mice.