Background: Midwives provide essential maternal, neonatal, reproductive and sexual health care and save lives. In our country, in 2017, the job description of midwives was revised and approved by the Minister of Health in accordance with the core competencies established by the International Federation of Midwives by Order A/216. Therefore, it is necessary to study the extent to which midwives are performing the duties included in the revised job description. Aim: To assess of the professional role and performance of midwives in Mongolia five years after the updated midwifery job description was declared. Materials and Methods: There were 1119 midwives working at all levels of the facilities national wide, and 589 respondents were analyzed. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which was developed with input from an obstetrics and midwifery care advisory group, and was distributed online through Google Forms. We developed a questionnaire on the daily professional roles and performances of midwifery services and skills that were part of the job description of midwives in Mongolia. The questionnaire consisted of three parts and were scored based on a Likert scale. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the School of Nursing (protocol №22/07-b), Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), and Ministry of Health. Result: 62.3% of the participants had a bachelor’s degree, 34.3% had a professional degree, 93.5% worked as midwives at all levels of health care, 73.4% worked according to their job description, but 21.9% were unable to work according to their main duties; 56% considered that they faced some difficulties in performing their duties at work. Within the scope of maternity care services mentioned in the job description, 71.4% of them often provide monitoring and counseling to normal, low-risk pregnant women according to guidelines (mean 3.07± 0.96); childbirth and postpartum care are occasionally (mean 2.70±1.10) or not regularly provided; and the average ratings of reproductive health, family planning services, and emergency obstetric care interventions are 2.32±1.120 and 2.40±0.040, respectively. According to self-assessment of professional skills, the average score for the ability to provide care during pregnancy was 3.10±0.038, which is sufficient; the ability to provide care during childbirth and postpartum was 2.83±0.037, which is above average; and the ability to provide emergency obstetric care and reproductive health and family planning care was 2.77±0.84 and 2.57±0.890, which is moderate, respectively. Conclusion The education and professional level of midwives working at all levels of the health sector has improved. While midwives frequently provide the pregnancy care outlined in their job descriptions, they only occasionally perform duties related to childbirth, postpartum and reproductive health, family planning, and obstetric emergency care. According to their self-assessments, midwives demonstrate sufficient competence in teamwork and pregnancy care; above-average competence in childbirth and postpartum care; and moderate competence in obstetric emergency care, reproductive health, and family planning services.There is a need to improve the involvement of midwives in certain professional activities.

Introduction: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is used in traditional medicine, has the ability to remove blood-drying heat. Chiazospermum erectum Bernh. has the ability to relieve typhoid fever and poison fever. Carthamus tinctorius L. has antiseptic, analgesic and anti-toxic properties. Saussurea amara L. has bactericidal, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers found that the Hepaclin-4 recipe has antioxidant, membrane-strengthening, liver-protective, necrosis-preventing, detoxification, and peroxidation product accumulation-reducing properties. Therefore, extracting the granular medicine form from the concentrated extract containing the Hepaclin-4 formulation is the basis of our research work. Goal: To obtain the granular medicine form from the concentrated extract containing ingredients of the Hepaclin-4 recipe. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out with the support of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and the University of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The raw materials for the Hepaclin-4 formula were extracted by remaceration with water, 40% ethanol, and 70% ethanol (1:10 ratio). Six types of granules were extracted from the concentrated extract using several excipients by the wet granulation method, and the pouring weight and flowability were determined. Results: The quality index of the concentrated extract of the Hepaclin-4 recipe complies with the standards outlined in the 11th Pharmacopoeia of the National Pharmacopoeia of Mongolia. In qualitative analysis of total flavonoid, spots were detected at the same level as standard quercetin (Rf=0.88) and rutin (Rf=0.4), indicating the presence of flavonoids. According to the results of the above research, lactose was found to be the suitable filler for extracting granules, and starch at 8% was identified as the appropriate binding agent from the concentrated extract of the Hepaclin-4 formula. Conclusion It was found suitable to select 8% lactose as a filler and starch as a binding agent from the concentrated extract of the Hepaclin-4 formula and obtain a granule drug form using the wet granulation method.

Background: Infections in respiratory systems have spread throughout the world without any restrictions including living places, public issues, and lifestyle. Three main causes of illnesses for the population of cities and rural areas were gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. After investigated some medicinal herbs including Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa, it has been reported that they had antiinflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing effects. Lozenge formulation has some advantages for treatment application, such as easily absorbed, good bioavailability and ability of diminishing stomach irritation. In this study, we aimed to obtain a suitable extract from Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa for further lozenge formulation. Purpose: To obtain a suitable extract from Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa, and to conduct qualitative and quantitative studies for some biologically active substances Materials and methods: In this study, an aerial part of Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa were used, and the study was conducted in MUPS. For obtaining a suitable extract, the raw materials were extracted by remaceration, repercolation and circulation methods in 20% and 70% of ethanol and distilled water. The flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were determined by thin layer chromatography. Quantitative analysis for total flavonoids was performed by spectrophotometer. Results: According to the result, a yellow spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa), indicating that flavonoid contained in the extracted solution.
The result was compared to standards of rutin (Rf=0.2) and quercetin (Rf= 0.94). Also, a black, blue spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa), indicating that polyphenols contained in the extracted solution. The spots were compared to gallic acid as a standard substance. In the quantitative assay of total flavonoids in raw materials, black-green precipitation was revealed after procedure. From this result, remaceration and circulation techniques were suitable to extract the raw materials. Flavonoid content was 3.35±0.04% after using remaceration technique, which indicated that it was more suitable to extract the raw materials. Conclusions These results showed that the appropriate extracting solution for Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa was 70% of ethanol. In this case, 3.35±0.04% of flavonoid was extracted by remaceration technique.

Introduction: Pharmacist and customer satisfaction is unique to other industries because it has a significant impact on patient outcomes and the quality of primary health care. In the framework of health sector reforms, improving the ethics and attitudes of medical professionals, the quality of care, internal environment and safety has become a priority issue for the development of the organization.
According to statistical data, in 2020, there are 2343 second-class pharmacies in Mongolia, 1254 in Ulaanbaatar, and 1249 pharmacies in Ulaanbaatar in 2021. As of 2020, there are 2639 pharmacists and 2009 drug directors working in the country, and in 2021, there are 2913 pharmacists and 2010 drug directors. Compared to the previous year, the number of pharmacists has increased by 0.8%, and the number of drug directors has increased by 13% has indicators. According to the above statistics, it is appropriate to study the satisfaction of specialists and clients in line with the increasing number of pharmacies and specialists.
As of the 1st quarter of 2023, pharmaceutical experts who play an important role in the quality and availability of pharmacy services and social economic development in the world (Pakistan, America, Canada. Great Britain, Spain, South Africa, etc.) Because it is important to study the satisfaction of pharmacists and the satisfaction of pharmacy users, we are conducting regular satisfaction surveys. Purpose and objectives: The purpose of the research is to evaluate the satisfaction of customers and pharmacists in the pharmacy of Ulaanbaatar. For this purpose, the following objectives were proposed. It includes:
1. Survey of pharmaceutical experts and pharmacy users determine the sample size
2. To evaluate the satisfaction of pharmacy users through a questionnaire
3. To evaluate the satisfaction of pharmacists by questionnaire
4. Compare the level of satisfaction by age group and perform statistical processing Materials and methods: A survey of pharmacy customers and pharmacist satisfaction was conducted using a Cross-sectional studies model. The Survey system calculator was used to calculate the sample size based on the representativeness of the sample to be studied. The survey was conducted between the 4th quarter of 2022 and the 2nd quarter of 2023. and the satisfaction of customers and pharmacists was obtained by random sampling by the UB City Hospitals and Health Deparments, and data was collected using 2 types of questionnaires to be evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale using the SERVQUAL model. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23.0 software. The reliability of the survey questionnaire was calculated using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Results: A total of 758 people participated in our study, and satisfaction was determined by including n=369 pharmacists and n=389 customers, respectively. A breakdown of the results:
369 pharmacists participated in the survey, and according to the total number of questions, 48.0% n=177 are satisfied, 37.7% n=139 are very satisfied. Considering the satisfied age group of pharmaceutical specialists, n=101 specialists in the age group of 26-35 years are the most satisfied.
52.85% n=195 satisfied. 25.20% n=93 Very satisfied, 20.87% n=77 Moderately satisfied, 0.54% n=2 Not at all satisfied, 0.54% n=2 He replied that he did not know. According to the results of the survey, pharmaceutical professionals are highly satisfied.
On the other hand, 389 customers participated in the satisfaction survey of pharmacy users, and according to the total results of the group questions, 67.4% n=262 customers were moderately satisfied with the organization's care and service culture and intimate environment outside the organization is satisfied. Looking at the satisfaction of pharmacy customers by age group, n=121 customers under 25 years of age have moderate satisfaction is satisfied.
49.61% n=193 not satisfied at all, 35.22% n=137 Moderately satisfied with the pharmacy services from the surveyed customers, degree, 9.55% n=37 Very satisfied, 5.66% n=22 answered that they do not know. Therefore, it shows the need to consider the quality of care. Conclusion 369 experts were included in the survey to evaluate the satisfaction of customers and pharmacists with the pharmacy, and 2 groups of evaluations were used in the survey. The reliability of the 22 questionnaires, calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is good between 0.9 a≥0.846. The majority of pharmaceutical professionals (n=316) surveyed are satisfied with their profession and workplace.
However, the reliability of the questionnaire used in the research to evaluate the satisfaction of customers in the pharmacy, when calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is acceptable between 0,8 a≥0.777. The n=262 customers surveyed are moderately satisfied with pharmacy services.
Depending on the age group of the people involved in the research, the location where they work and serve, the relationship attitude, understanding, and workload satisfaction level are different.

Abstract Mana-4, an herbal medicine, had been used to treat incomplete-mannered and infection-caused hot disease in Mongolian traditional medicine. It has already reported that Mana-4 acts as an anti-inflammation agent, an activator of T and B cells, an immune-modulator and an inducer of cellular proliferation. Moreover, it enhances the immune system and energy level of human body. It was confirmed that the main active compounds in Mana-4 are inulin and total flavonoids which are effective for many diseases. Drug formulation types are very important to delivery the drugs to the targeted tissues and organs without loss of active ingredients. Total flavonoids in the extract of Mana-4 and granulated Mana-4 was qualitatively evaluated by TLC and yellow-brown spots (Rf was 0.4) were found on TLC plates, indicating that the preparations contained flavonoids. Also, it confirmed that the appropriate extractor of total flavonoids from Mana-4 was 70% of ethanol. In conclusion, the tablet formulation from Mana-4 was successfully prepared and the quality requirements was allowable.

Introduction. Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is histologically defined as the presence of a metastasis of lymph node without detection of the primary tumor [1]. Approximately 3–15% of all cancers are designated as CUP [3. 4]. The diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with laterocervical metastases of unknown primary involves a wide range of oncologic entities [5]. While we were studying patho-histological examination of cervical lymphadenopathy in Mongolian, werevealed unknown primary tumor. This is a goal of our study. Objectives of study are followings to differentiate whether primary lymphoma or metastatic cancer of cervical lymph node metastasis of unknown primary tumor and to reveal primitive origin of tumor using by basic and additional immunohistochemical markers.Goal.To determine the conclusive diagnosis in cervical lymph node metastasis of unknown primary origin by immunohistochemical techniqueMaterials and Methods. In this study, we examined immunohistochemically 30 cases of outpatient head and neck surgical unit of the National Cancer Center and dentistry and oral maxillofacial surgical unit of the State Central Hospital which were diagnosed as cervical lymphadenopathy. For immunohistochemical study, we applied an immunohistochemical panel in accordance with avidinbiotin- peroxidase complex method and used a basic and additional antibodies represented by CK(pancytokeratin), LCA, synaptophysin, chromogranin and HMB45. Result. In our study, there was 63.3% lymphoma, 36.7% metastatic cancer. Among them, there were 4 of digestive tract adenocarcinoma, 3 of squamous cell carcinoma /2-esophagus, 1-nasopharyngeal/, 2 of neuroendocrine tumor and 1 of melanoma.Distribution by age groups shows that 20-29 years were 4(13.3%), 30-39 years were 10 (33.3%), 40-49 years were 8 (26.7%), 50-59 years were 3 (10%), over60 years were 5 (16.7%). Gender distribution showed an increased incidence of males (56.7%, 17 cases) compared with females (43.3%, 13 cases).Conclusion: In our study, B cell lymphoma and digestive tract adenocarcinoma were the most common. In further, it is necessary to introduce an immunohistochemical method in patho-histological practice.