Background: Basketball involves repeated high-intensity, explosive movements that depend largely on anaerobic energy systems. Accordingly, anaerobic capacity and body-composition parameters such as skeletal muscle mass and fat distribution are key determinants of performance. However, data-driven studies integrating conditioning training, anaerobic performance, and body composition in Mongolian professional players are limited, and the application of machine-learning approaches in this context remains underexplored. Aim: To examine the relationships between conditioning training, anaerobic capacity, and body composition in professional basketball players and to develop a machine-learning model for injury-risk prediction. Materials and Methods: Eleven healthy professional male basketball players (21–28 years) from the Omni Erdenet Miners were evaluated. Body composition was measured using the InBody 970, and anaerobic performance was assessed by a 30-s Wingate test on a Monark 894E ergometer. Measurements were obtained at three time points. Changes were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, while associations were examined by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Injury-risk models were developed using Random Forest and regression-based machine-learning methods. Research Ethics Committee, approval number 24-25/04-01 Result: Phase angle increased from 6.8±0.5 to 7.3±0.6° (p =0.021), and body-fat percentage decreased from 20.5±3.2% to 16.2±2.0% (p =0.015), with no change in skeletal muscle mass. Visceral fat decreased and anaerobic peak and mean power improved (p <0.05). Fat percentage was negatively correlated with anaerobic performance. Heart-rate recovery improved, indicating enhanced exercise tolerance. Random Forest identified phase angle, visceral fat, fat percentage, and fatigue index as the strongest predictors of injury risk. Conclusion 1. The body composition of professional basketball players was closely associated with anaerobic performance and recovery indices, with higher body fat percentage and central adiposity tending to be linked to reduced anaerobic capacity. 2. Reducing fat mass while preserving muscle mass did not adversely affect anaerobic performance and demonstrated potential improvements in performance efficiency, load tolerance, and recovery regulation. 3. A Random Forest Regression model based on body composition and anaerobic capacity indicators demonstrated a high level of accuracy in predicting performance decline and injury risk.

Introduction: Factors such as social and economic conditions, technological development, modern urbanization, lifestyle, physical activity, nutrition, and air pollution affect physical growth and development. Aim: To study the physical development of Mongolian children. Objectives: 1. To measure the physical indices (weight, height) of children aged 6-17 years old with some influencing factors. Material and method: Using a random sampling method, children's body height and weight were examined at a particular point in time using widely accepted methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the "SPSS ver.25" program. Result: The growth of children's height and weight is progressing according to general patterns of age and gender. Girls grow rapidly between the ages of 10-13 and stabilize after wards, while boys a sharp growth spurt between the ages of 13-17, with the average height of 17-year-old boys being 171.44 cm and 160.25 cm for girls, which is slightly higher than previous studies (Otgon G, 2006, Munkhzaya M, 2020). The trend of weight growth is more prominent in boys. However, compared to international standards (Russia, WHO, CDC), our children's height and weight are lower. The statistics show that parental education, income, exercise, and living environment positively influence growth and development, whereas excessive television watching and air pollution negatively affect it (p< 0.05). Conclusion 1. Children's growth is normal, but observed increase of the body weight of boys. Having healthy and well educated parents, as well as engaging in physical activity positively influences children's height. A lack of physical activity negatively affects height and increases weight. Mongolian children are shorter and lighter compared to foreign children (from Russia and America - CDC).