Background: In Mongolia, identifying the factors and circumstances associated with children and adolescents’ involvement in crime may provide an important evidence base for the early identification of risk factors and the development of effective preventive interventions. In 2021, juveniles accounted for 20.7% (n=218) of the 1,053 civil and criminal forensic psychiatric evaluations conducted at the National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) in Mongolia. However, empirical data regarding the context and risk factors associated with juvenile involvement in the justice system are limited, necessitating this investigation. Aim: To investigate some factors associated with criminal involvement and victimization among children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the records of 725 forensic psychiatric evaluation records of children and adolescents assessed at the NCMH between 2020 and 2022. Data were collected using a researcherdeveloped structured data collection form consisting of six domains and 84 variables. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA, with statistical significance established at p < 0.05. Result: Among the 725 cases included in the study, 197 (27.1%) involved children and adolescents who had committed criminal offenses, while 528 (72.9%) involved child victims of sexual violence. The reason for forensic psychiatric evaluation differed significantly by sex: girls were more frequently evaluated as victims of sexual violence, whereas boys were more frequently evaluated in connection with having committed a criminal offense (p<0.001). The mean age of children who had committed criminal offenses was 16.4±1.6 years, compared with 12.6±3.6 years among victims of crime. Significant differences were observed between these groups with regard to sex (p=0.001) and age (p=0.001). Conclusion 1. Of the 725 participants, 197 children and adolescents (27.1%) were subjected to forensic psychiatric assessment to evaluate their psychological state at the time of committing a crime, while 528 (72.9%) were assessed to determine their capacity to provide true and accurate testimony as victims. 2. Among the 197 crime cases committed, 45.7% involved sexual violence, 27.4% were drug-related offenses, and 13.2% were crimes against the health of others. Males accounted for 94.4% of all crime-committed cases.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) recipients frequently develop complication kidney dysfunction (KD), but the predisposing factors and long-term consequences of KD are not well understood. Post-LT complications that lead to graft failure and patient morbidity/mortality can be generally categorized as vascular, biliary, parenchymal and malignant. Main reasons for our study are to identify complications’ rate for early post-transplant KD and to evaluate the post-LT patients and graft survival rate. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate complications in recipients with early post-transplant KD and to investigate the survival rate after LT. Material and Methods: This study retrospectively and prospectively analyzed the demographic characteristics, preoperative and perioperative clinical parameters, as well as postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) at the First Central Hospital of Mongolia (FCHM) between September 2011 and December 2024. Renal function was evaluated by estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance formula at baseline (pre-transplantation) and at 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days following LT. Early and late complications following LT were classified according to the international classification. Ethical approval for the study was obtained at a meeting of the Research Ethics Review Board of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS). Results: In our study KD rate was 29.7%. Several factors increased the risk of KD among recipients. Post-LT complications’ related risk factors for KD was high MELD score (OR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.06-1.16), Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores of B and C (OR, 5.57; 95%CI, 1.27-24.52 and OR, 8.21; 95%CI, 1.87–36.54), comorbidities (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.14-3.23), post-LT acute bleeding (OR, 3.22; 95%CI, 1.22-8.46), early relaparotomy for revision (OR, 3.12; 95%CI, 1.34-7.28 respectively. Additionally, the survival rates for recipients with post-LT KD were 90.7% at 1 year and 81.3% at 3 years. Conclusions 1. Variables like a recipient high age (p<0.001), female gender (p<0.001), elevated liver function scores (p<0.002), comorbidities (p=0.013), severe ascites (p=0.001), preop intensive care (p=0.026) are pre-LT risk factors for post- LT KD. 2. Acute bleeding (p=0.013), early revision (p=0.006) are risk factors for post-LT KD. 3. Early KD in recipients who underwent LT affects both patient survival (Log Rank p=0.522; HR 1.3) and graft survival (Log Rank p=0.457; HR 1.26).

BACKGROUND. In the worldwide every 40 seconds one person takes their life, annually 1 million people die on Earth by the means of suicide. Regardless of gender it is one of the main 3 causes of death in the population aged between 15-29. There have a tendency to increase of suicide rates with each passing year in the Mongolia. Therefore, our study goal is to determine the utilized methods and to identify some of the factors influencing the escalation of this phenomenon. The data and materials were gathered by quantitative research method from the post-mortem examination reports provided from the central archive of National Institute of Forensic Science according to the descriptive research design. The fact that the bulk of the increasing suicide cases might be attributed to the unemployed and working-age men without any chronic illnesses suggests correlation with gender and socio-economic status.

BACKGROUND. Tn 2016, determination on the extent of disability degree, assessment of further allowance terms of people were 5.1% of total population nationwide and most of them commission of disability assessment and hospital-labor identification determined cause of disabilities such as ordinary disorders, home and industrial accidents, profession related diseases and Social Insurance and Social Welfare fund grants disability pension. Total budget for these pensions were 158.9-252.4 billion MNT during last 5 years and it was 1.6 fold increased if compared to previous years. For nationwide consideration of disability by percent, 41% of total disabled people completely disabled and 59% of them incompletely disabled. There is a need to improve regulatory framework and suitable job employment for disabled people, rehabilitation for affected organ systems and treatment of insured people and others illnesses to get healthy. PURPOSE: To study extent of disability degree among population of Songinokhairkhan district during last 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed document analyzing method. For statistical analyzes we used data analyzing software Stata 22.0. RESULTS: For percentage of disability among population of Songinokhairkhan district during last 5 years showed 3.20% in 2012, 3.22% in 2013, 3.60% in 2014, 3.85% in 2015 and 3.66% in 2016 respectively. By gender status, dominantly males were affected or 2.85% of total population and females were 1.98% affected in average status of last 5 years. By education level, there were mainly secondary or uneducated people. By social and employment status, unemployed people dominantly affected. CONCLUSION: There is a tendency that may increase criteria in study of disability prevalence, circumstance and etiology during last 5 years. Average of last 5 years, extent on disability degree and assessment of further allowance terms of newly determination was 6.5% and people who extended their terms were 79.5% and 14% of them cancelled. Total amount of money spent for disabled people during last 5 years was 18.8 billion which increased by 55% from previous budget of 8.29 billion.

BACKGROUND OF STUDY: For the past 10 years, accidents and trauma are ranking third in the cause of Mongolian population’s death. Russian scientists have defined that skull and brain trauma comprise of 40% of the total traumas and is one of the serious injuries that have damaging effect to the health. Defining its creation, injury period, death cause in the leading direction of science of forensic medicine in our country are still the urgent issues. Nowadays little research which studied case mortality due to accident and trauma has been studied, this became background of our research work. PURPOSE OF STUDY: To study cause and peculiarity of pathology of case mortality due to brain trauma, in the condition of our country and to consider the result. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To study the cause, some risks of head injury. To define pathology of case mortality due to head injury. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: We did retrospective study in 555 case material of an autopsy of case mortality of head injury of forensic medicine and research department of national institute of forensic science. Statistical work out was done by Microsoft excel and extensive index. RESULT OF STUDY: 84.5% (n=459) is male and 15.5% (n=86) is female out of our 555 involved cases and the gender ratio is 5:1. The most or 81% of the research participants had head injuries due to hitting with firm and dull stuffs and 15.9% head injury as a result of traffic accident follows in the second place. To analyze from the characteristics of mortality, 93% is subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural, epidural hematoma, 64% is brain tissue injury were detected. CONCLUSION: Young manhood men mortality that has head injury resulted from the firm and dull things occupies most of the percentage in our research. The head injury can lead to the mortality of his ordinary process.

As a result of research exploration patronage appointments to the experts from the International Court institutes Mongolian investigators and the court, responsible for the prosecution of all subjects are interrelated trial research organizations on what industry experts dispute appointment, without question important to them in the case, We are hoping that we will improve awareness of the trial research group. This case will be much easier to defend the interests of participants in the dispute as a possible peace party funds to resolve the case easy to save money and time. Administrative regulations of the Criminal Procedure Code, Civil Procedure Code, Trial expert law has no regulation of expert safety circumstance, but regulated the case participants, and the integrity of the trial exploration object and rights. Moreover, it regulates about that expert must explore inton of criminal case. And there is problem that anyone can threat the experts because of lack of regulation about it. Therefore, Trial experts must provide bythe legal framework ensure in order to protect them from any pressure and subjectively impact.

Mongolian legal environment was reorganized by donor regulation of brain death surgery in 2008, and nowadays transplantation is currently dead donors is being made of 13 organs. Now it forced to take the problem of transplant organs or tissues dead donors amendment to draft legislation and the donor of the donor are provisions designed to protect an appropriate or a living donor, activating the dead donor. And there was no legal regulation of the Law of dead donors cells, tissue and organ transplantation for coordinating management, organization, system, the donor is reflected in addition to the revised draft.