Background: Untill now, many minimal invasive methods have been applied in treating ureteral stones such as the endoscopic ureterolithotripsy technique of Perez-Castro and Martinez-Pinero (1980), the tetroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy technique of Wickham (1979) and so on. Retrograde endoscopic ureterolithotripsy with holmium laser has been applied in management of ureteral stones at the Post hospital I Hanoi since 2003. Objective: To show results of retrograde endoscopic ureterolithotripsy with holmium laser in management of ureteral stones at the Post hospital I Hanoi. Subjects and method: A retrospective study was conducted in 183 patients who underwent retrograde endoscopic ureterolithotripsy with holmium laser at the Post hospital I Hanoi, from July/2003 to July/2005. Results:In 183 patients, female was more than male (54.7% versus 45.4%); the mean age was 45.4 (range 14-77). There were total 212 lithotrity stones, of which the rate of left, right, upper-third, middle-third and lower-third ureteral stone was respectively 51.9%, 48.1%, 43.2%, 22.4% and 34.4%. The mean size of ureteral stone was 15.1mm x 11.17mm and the average time of ureterolithotripsy was 48.1 minutes (range 15 -120). Conclusion: The rate of success for etrograde endoscopic ureterolithotripsy with holmium laser was high (92.9%), especially the success rate for lower-third ureteral calculi (100%) and the success rate for upper-third ureteral stones (84.8%). However, 5/165 patients (3%) who had follow-up examination for 2-4 years after surgery had ureteral stenosis. This complication was resulted from burned mucous membrane during endoscopic ureterolithotripsy with laser.
Ureterolithiasis/ surgery ; therapy ; Endoscopy/ methods ; Lasers

Background: Primary nephrotic syndrome in adult patients is a common sign of patients with primary glomerular disease. Objective: To evaluate the responsiveness of adult patients with primary nephrotic syndrome to corticosteroid alone or in combination with cyclophosphamid and the treatment - related complications. Subjects and method: Based on pathological findings 91 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome divided into 2 groups: group 1 (75 patients) were assigned to receive corticosteroid alone at 1 mg/kg/day, group 2 (16 patients) were assigned to receive the corticosteroid at 0.5 mg/kg/day and cyclophosphamid at 2 mg/kg/day. 11 non - responders from group 1 were switched to group 2 after 6 months of treatment by \r\n', u'corticosteroid alone. The response to therapy was assessed after 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Results:In group 1 the number of patients responding to corticosteroid alone was increasing from 38 after 3 months to 50 after 6 months. In group 2 the number of patients responding to combined protocol was increasing from 4 (14.8%) to 12 (44.4%). The most frequently seen corticosteroid - related complication was cushingoid which is reversible after reducing dose or stop treatment. Severe complications were not common. For the whole group taking cyclophosphamid leucocytopenia, was seen in 4/27 (14.8%) patients, in subgroup of women hypo - amenorrhea was observed in 3/15 (20%) of cases. Conclusions: Results of study encourage the prolongation of treatment. Sterility and if possible preventive measures should be taken into consideration when cyclophosphamid is selected for young patients in reproductive age.\r\n', u'
Nephrotic Syndrome/ therapy

Background: Urinary bladder sarcomas are rare in adults, accounting for 0.38-0.64% of bladder tumors. The most recognized treatment for malignant tumors is chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, but there have been no large scale study to provide a definitive regimen for this condition. Objectives: To determine the outcome of patients with urinary bladder sarcomas. Subjects and method: Between January 2002 and December 2006, 6 patients diagnosed with urinary bladder sarcomas were examined at the Viet Duc Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the records of these patients for information on clinical features, treatment and outcomes. Results: The mean age of patients was 39.6 years; male/female ratio was 3/1; 66% was leiomyosarcomas, 16.7% was rhabdomyosarcomas, 16.7% was myxosarcomas (n=6). Among these malignant tumors, 3/5 patients were in the advanced stage. Conclusion: Bladder sarcomas were rare in adults. Leiomyosarcomas were more common than rhabdomyosarcomas and had worst outcomes if it is in an advanced stage.
Bladder sarcoma ; Surgery

Background: Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign renal neoplasm. Patients were often hospitalized in two situations: Renal AML unilateral or AML with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Objectives: To discover prospectively the clinical symptoms and evaluate the therapeutic of 5 renal angiomyolipoma unilateral operated in Viet Duc and Huu Nghi hospital from 2004 January to 2006 April. Subject and Methods: The record of 3 men and 2 women with a mean age of 46.2 years (maximum: 86, minimum: 32); flank pain: 3 patients, heamaturia: 2 patients. The mean lesion diameter was 7.9cm (minimum: 5.4 cm, maximum: 12cm). The mean follow up was 6.6 months. Result: All of the patients symptomatic with a mean giant diameter (7.9cm). One patient was operated on urgently, because of a tumor rupture post-traumatism. Two patients were operated on as diagnostic doubt. Conclusion: Renal angiomyolipomas are almost benign. Total nephrectomy on the size of tumor, their complications and the special conditions.
Angiomyolipoma

Prostate cancer is the most common detected cancer and the second cause of mortality in male patient aged > 45 in many countries in the world. New advances in molecular biology and genetics in association with great achievements in biological technology permit identily the creation and the process of prostate cancer in various profiles. The role of inflammation in the onset of prostate cancer is opened slightly. Research permits to predict new markers and to make promises for new treatments efficacy progressively against this dangerous disease of increasing concern
Prostatic Neoplasms ; Molecular Biology ; prostate ; neoplasms

Report of two cases of pheochromocytoma of the bladder to note its variable and misleading features. Pheochromocytoma of the bladder is a rare disease, that develops in the bladder from sympathetic plexus. This kind of tumor accounted for 10 to 15% of paragangliomas, 1% of pheochrocytomas and 0.1% of bladder tumors. This disease is more common at age 40 and in women than men (3/1). The diagnosis is based on biochemical tests and current imaging techniques, particularly ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Careful follow-up is mandatory because the tumors may progress to malignancy
Pheochromocytoma ; Urinary Bladder

Genetic factor is considered a special risk in prostate cancer. This article introduced some investigations of genes in prostate cancer. Genetic mechanisms in this disease may be complicated and diversified due to mutations or minor variations but major impact. It is shown current attitude of clinicians for hereditary prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostate ; Mutation ; Genes

As clinical study showed that COX-2 is strengthened in the angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasive and increasing immunization in the process of tumor progress. The first result of use inhibitor COX-2 has potential in prevention and treatment of tumor. Use COX-2 in progress of prostate cancer as metastasis tumor and be low isolated. Use COX-2 in bladder tumor without response with BCG and after cut off bladder. Use COX-2 in metastasis kidney tumor or have high risk in Von Hippel-Lindau
Urologic Neoplasms ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Hippel-Lindau Disease ; Therapeutics ;

Nowadays, scientists are focus on studying the hereditary basic of renal cancer in order to detect early renal cancer and initially apply some treatment methods at molecular level. There are 4 types of renal cancer: Firstly, clear cell renal carcinoma is the most common one. Secondly, hereditary papillary renal carcinoma type I (HPRC) generated from epithelium of distal convoluted tubules which was discovered by Zbar in 1944, often occurs after 40 year old. Thirdly, hereditary chromophobe renal carcinoma and oncocytome which were described by Thoenes in 1985 and by Zipell in 1942 respectively. Hereditary oncocytome was found by Weirich in 1998. Fourthly, hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) and multiple cutaneous leiomyoma (MCL) belonging to papillary renal carcinoma type II is very malignant and metastatic
Kidney Neoplasms ; Genetics

Cytomegalovirus always is risk of complication and mortality for patients with kidney transplantation. The timely, effective diagnosis and treatment is a leading responsibility while waiting for vaccine responding with this virus. The diagnosis of cytomegalovirus based on the detection of pieces of cytomegalovirus in the cell, viral culture and serum test. ELISA is common method to detect the IgG and IgM. The treatment involved the use of anti-viral agents such as ganciclovir, foscarnet...
Kidney Transplantation ; Cytomegalovirus