OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Huangqin decoction （HQD）-based self-assembled nanoparticles （SAN） co-loaded with terbinafine （TBF） （TBF-HQD-SAN NPs） on the transdermal absorption of TBF. METHODS High-speed centrifugation combined with dialysis was used to separate HQD-SAN， and TBF-HQD-SAN NPs were obtained by loading TBF using the ultrasound magnetic stirring method； the particle size distribution， Zeta potential and polydispersity index （PDI） of the nanoparticle were characterized， and the encapsulation efficiency （EE） and drug loading （DL） of TBF were determined； using in vitro and in vivo transdermal experiments， the differences in transdermal performance between TBF-HQD-SAN NPs and TBF raw materials， as well as TBF and HQD-SAN physical mixture （TBF-HQD-SAN PM）， were compared and analyzed. RESULTS TBF- HQD-SAN NPs were spherical with a particle size of （177.60±2.57） nm， a PDI of 0.197 4±0.007 9， and a Zeta potential of （－14.63±0.85） mV. The EE and DL of TBF were （99.49±0.71）% and （3.22±0.10）% ， respectively. In vitro transdermal experiments， compared with TBF raw materials， the steady-state permeation rate （Jss） and skin retention of TBF-HQD-SAN NPs increased by 3.34 times and 27.56 times， respectively （P＜0.05）； compared with TBF-HQD-SAN PM， its Jss and skinretention were increased by 2.04 times and 7.44 times， respectively （P＜0.05）. In vivo transdermal experiments 69号） showed that， the area under the drug-time curve and the maximum concentration of TBF-HQD-SAN NPs increased by 2.13 times and 2.06 times respectively compared to TBF raw materials， and increased by 1.59 times and 1.65 times respectively compared to TBF-HQD-SAN PM （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS TBF-HQD-SAN NPs can significantly enhance the in vitro and in vivo transdermal absorption efficiency and skin retention of TBF.

Background Ozone (O₃) is a major air pollutant. The existing monitoring system has uneven distribution of sites, insufficient coverage in underdeveloped areas, and low temporal resolution, making it difficult to obtain hourly data. This limits the dynamic identification of pollution and the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Objective To construct an hourly O₃ concentration estimation model based on ensemble machine learning, aiming to improve the accuracy of pollution exposure assessment and explore O₃ health impacts. Methods This study integrated land use regression modeling with modern machine learning techniques, employing random forest and XGBoost algorithms to construct base models, and stacking integration using non-negative least squares. The ensemble model was trained and validated across China using high-resolution, multi-source geographic data (e.g., meteorologicaldata, population density, land cover types, and aerosol optical thickness). It was tested in Taiyuan City, combined with a distributed lag non-linear model to analyze the association between O₃ and emergency admissions. Results The constructed ensemble model performed well in predicting O₃ concentration, with a higher coefficient of determination (R²) and a lower root-mean-square deviation (RMSE) compared to the single models. The R² improved from 0.90 to 0.92, and the RMSE decreased from 11.41 to 10.62, enhancing both prediction accuracy and generalization ability. In the application to Taiyuan City, the model successfully imputed the hourly-level data for the entire year. The distributed lag non-linear model analysis revealed that the relative risk (RR) values for the 6th to 8th days following O₃ exposure were 1.14 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.29), 1.16 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.31), and 1.14 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.29), respectively, which were significantly higher than 1, indicating a significant lagged association (lagged 6-8 d) between O₃ and the number of emergency room visits. Conclusion A high-precision, hourly-level O₃ concentration estimation model is successfully constructed by combining the land use regression model with an ensemble machine learning approach to provide a scientific basis for environmental policy formulation and public health intervention. The application of the model verifies its generalization ability and practical application value, which can provide a new technical framework for subsequent environmental health research.

AIM: To explore the application effect of eyelid margin incision combined with floating bridge technique in the treatment of ptosis patients, and to analyze its effects on the margin reflex distance 1(MRD1)and the aesthetic effect of the eyes. METHODS:Prospective study. This study enrolled patients with blepharoptosis treated at the Department of Ophthalmology of the hospital between January 2023 and July 2025, who were assigned to either an observation group or a control group. The patients in the control group received levator aponeurosis shortening surgery through conventional double-eyelid incision, while the patients in the observation group underwent levator aponeurosis shortening surgery using the eyelid margin incision combined with floating bridge technique. Subsequently, the surgical-related indicators,the correction effect of ptosis, the aesthetic effect, the ocular function indicators, the postoperative complication occurrence rate, and recurrence rate were compared and analyzed between two groups.RESULTS:A total of 100 patients(100 eyes)with blepharoptosis were enrolled in this study, with 50 patients(50 eyes)in the observation group and 50 patients(50 eyes)in the control group. The observation group had a mean age of 27.33±5.32 y, including 20 males and 30 females. The control group had a mean age of 27.64±4.66 y, including 24 males and 26 females. Compared with the control group, the operative time of the observation group was longer, the postoperative swelling resolution time and natural recovery time were shorter,and the correction rate was higher(P<0.05). Three months after the surgery, the VSS score and POSAS score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, while the scores for eyelid curvature, symmetry of eyelid height, and the PFH, MRD1, palpebral fissure size, and upper eyelid levator muscle strength were all higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative complication occurrence rate and recurrence rate between two groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The combined use of eyelid margin incision and floating bridge technique for treating ptosis results in slightly longer operation time, but it can shorten the postoperative recovery period, effectively ameliorate the MRD1 and ocular function of patients, and enhance the correction effect and aesthetic quality of the eyes. In addition, it has a low incidence of complications and guaranteed safety.

Background Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms of its interaction with the endogenous circadian system remain incompletely understood. Objective To investigate whether chronic PM_2.5 exposure interferes with the rhythmic expression of the cardiac circadian clock, thereby disrupting downstream antioxidant defenses and metabolic homeostasis, and ultimately driving cardiometabolic dysfunction. Methods Seventy-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a PM_2.5 exposure group (PM group) and a filtered air control group (FA group). Whole-body exposure was conducted for 8 weeks in a meteorological environmental animal exposure system. Samples were collected at six distinct zeitgeber time (ZT) points post-exposure. The 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and serum lipid profiles were monitored. Rhythm parameters were derived via cosinor analysis to compare differences in Midline statistic of rhythm (Mesor), amplitude, and phase between the two groups. The rhythmic expression of core circadian clock genes and antioxidant genes in the myocardium was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and downstream pathway protein expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot (WB), respectively. The expression changes of the clock gene retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) were assessed at both the mRNA and protein levels. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among myocardial RORα expression, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators. Results Compared to the FA group, mice in the PM group exhibited a blunted circadian rhythm in blood pressure, characterized by sustained elevation throughout the day. Chronic PM_2.5 exposure showed a significant interaction with ZT on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (F-interaction=9.11, 5.70, and 6.02, respectively; P<0.05), as well as on serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (F-interaction=16.32, 11.12, 15.39, and 28.09, respectively; P<0.05). Cosinor analysis further revealed that the Mesor values of T-CHO, TG, and LDL-C were significantly increased (P<0.05), while that of HDL-C was significantly decreased in the PM group (P<0.05). The oscillation amplitudes of SBP, DBP, and MAP showed a decreasing trend, whereas those of TG and LDL-C were significantly increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, SBP, T-CHO, and HDL-C all exhibited a significant phase delay (P<0.05). Mechanistically, PM_2.5 exposure significantly suppressed the expression of the positive circadian regulator RORα in the myocardium, leading to disordered rhythmic expression of core clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1/2, and Cry1/2). This exposure also inhibited the rhythmic expression of antioxidant genes (GPX1, SOD2, and CAT), resulting in increased ROS generation and elevated expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) proteins. Correlation analysis further revealed that myocardial RORα expression level was negatively correlated with T-CHO, TG, and LDL-C (r=−0.55, −0.63, and −0.51, respectively; P<0.001), and positively correlated with HDL-C (r=0.37, P=0.010), and antioxidant genes GPX1, SOD2, and CAT expression (r=0.34, 0.35, and 0.56, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion Chronic PM_2.5 exposure induces cardiometabolic dysfunction by suppressing myocardial RORα expression. This suppression disrupts the cardiac circadian clock and the diurnal balance of oxidative stress, triggering oxidative damage and elevating expression of CaMKII/NADPH pathway proteins. Collectively, these alterations precipitate the loss of cardiac metabolic rhythms and subsequent functional impairment.

Quality control (QC) of biospecimens from oral and maxillofacial tumors patients constitutes a critical foundation for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and precision medicine research of these diseases. Biospecimen quality directly governs the discovery and validation of disease biomarkers, the elucidation of pathogenesis, and the efficacy of clinical translation. QC spans the entire biospecimen lifecycle—encompassing collection, processing, storage, transportation, and utilization. Its primary objectives are to ensure sample integrity, reliability, traceability, and consistency, thereby guaranteeing the robustness of research data; the accuracy of molecular subtyping, biomarker identification, and treatment response prediction; and the precision of clinical decision-making. However, current QC frameworks for these biospecimens remain underdeveloped. Drawing on domestic and international technical standards, regulatory guidelines, and recent research advances, this paper elaborates on the importance of implementing a QC management system throughout the biospecimen lifecycle. It focuses on QC methodologies tailored to diverse biospecimen types, examining how standardized sampling procedures, regulated preprocessing workflows, and optimized long-term storage conditions influence sample quality. We aim to provide concrete guidance and a transferable paradigm for establishing standardized QC protocols and an informatics-enabled traceability system specific to oral and maxillofacial tumors. Such efforts are intended to enhance the research value and clinical utility of these biospecimens, furnishing reliable sample resources and technical support for the development of precision diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we advocate for a dual-track “QC plus Ethics” management framework within biobanks. This approach would reinforce ethical and legal safeguards, establishing a robust barrier to support safe scientific innovation and clinical translation.

ObjectiveTo explore the long-term dynamic trajectories of fasting blood glucose （FBG） and insulin resistance （IR） in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and their influencing factors. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 1 896 T2DM patients registered at Tongren Hospital from May 2020 to May 2025. Based on longitudinal follow-up data of FBG and fasting insulin， joint latent class mixed models （JLMM） were applied to identify FBG-IR trajectories. Univariate and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine demographic characteristics， lifestyle， and clinical determinants of trajectory type. ResultsFour distinct FBG-IR trajectories were identified： stable FBG-IR （9.76%）， rising FBG-stable IR （5.01%）， stable FBG-elevated IR （75.90%）， and elevated FBG-IR （9.34%）. Compared with the stable FBG-IR group， age ≥60 years was protective against the elevated FBG-stable IR trajectory （OR=0.55， 95%CI：0.33-0.92， P=0.023）. Highereducation increased the risk of stable FBG-elevated IR （OR=1.40， 95%CI：1.01-1.94， P=0.046）. Abnormal blood pressure was associated with lower risks of stable FBG-elevated IR （OR=0.66， 95%CI：0.48-0.92， P=0.013） and elevated FBG-IR （OR=0.48， 95%CI：0.31-0.74， P=0.001）. Non-drinkers were less likely to belong to the stable FBG-elevated IR trajectory （OR=0.39， 95%CI：0.16-0.95， P=0.038）. ConclusionsThe evolution trajectory of FBG and IR in T2DM patients shows significant heterogeneity. The majority of patients have a deterioration of IR first. Age， education level， blood pressure， and alcohol consumption are the main influencing factors. Joint assessment of FBG and IR is helpful for early identification of high-risk individuals and guiding individualized intervention.

Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a class of closed-loop non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)formed by head-to-tail covalent bonds.CircRNAs participate in the development of osteoarthritis by regulating extracellular matrix degrada-tion,inflammatory response and homeostasis of chondrocytes;It regulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone mar-row mesenchymal stem cells,the activity of bone microvascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis to affect femoral head necrosis;It regulates the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells,osteoblasts and osteoclasts to cause osteo-porosis and it affects the invasion,metastasis and drug resistance of osteosarcoma through different pathogenesis.CircRNAs are expected to become a new clinical diagnostic marker in the future.

Objective In this preliminary survey,we sought to determine the composition of mosquito species inhabiting the Emeifeng Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China.Methods Mosquito larvae were collected by straw and spoon trapping,and adult mosquitoes were collected by lamp trapping at selected breeding sites in the reserve.The specimens were initially identified based on morphology,with subsequent verification using molecular biology methods.Results A total of 34 mosquito species in 13 genera were collected,among which,there were 4 species of Anopheles(Genus Anopheles Meigen,1818),2 species of Lutzia(Genus Lutzia Theobald,1903),15 species of Culex(Genus Culex Linnaeus,1758),4 species of Stegomyia(Genus Stegomyia Theobald,1901),and single species of Hulecoeteomyia(Genus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald,1904),Luius(Genus Luius Reinert,Harbach et Kitching,2008),Aedes(Genus Aedes Meigen,1818),Downsiomyia(Genus Downsiomyia Vargas,1950),Collessius(Genus Collessius Reinert,Harbach et kitching,2006),Uranotaenia(Genus Uranotaenia Lynch 1891),Armigeres(Genus Armigeres Theobald,1901),Toxorhynchites(Genus Toxorhynchites Theobald,1901),and pestle mosquito(Genus Tripteroides Giles,1904).Conclusions The species composition of mosquitoes sampled in the Emeifeng Nature Reserve will provide a basis for further research on mosquito vectors and contribute to measures for local mosquito control.

In the context of the development of transplant oncology,it is of great clinical significance to find a drug with both antitumor and immunosuppressive effects for liver transplantation patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The antitumor effect of ginkgolic acid(GA)has been confirmed,and some studies suggest that GA may also have an immunosuppressive effect.The immunosuppressive effect of GA was evaluated by histopathology,T-cell subpopulation,and cytokine detection in rat liver transplantation and mouse cardiac transplantation models,and transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of the GA immunosuppressive effect.Metabolites,activation,and ferroptosis markers of CD8+T cells were detected in vivo and in vitro.Based on rat liver transplantation and mouse cardiac transplantation models,the immunosuppressive effect of GA was first confirmed by histopathology,T-cell subpopulation,and cytokine detection.In the mouse cardiac transplantation model,transcriptomics combined with metabolomics demonstrated for the first time that GA inhibited lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)expression and pyruvate metabolism in CD8+T cells.It was confirmed in vivo and in vitro that GA inhibited pyruvate metabolism of CD8+T cells through LDHA,inhibiting their activation and inducing ferroptosis.Over-expression of LDHA partially reversed the effect of GA on the metabolism,activation,and ferroptosis of CD8+T cells in vitro.GA mediates metabolic reprogramming through LDHA to inhibit the activation and induce ferroptosis of CD8+T cells to exert an immunosuppressive effect,which lays an experimental foundation for the future clinical application of its immunosuppressive effect.

This study aimed to elucidate the role of collagen type Ⅺ alpha 1(COL11A1)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)in modifying the tumor microenvironment of colon cancer(CC)and facilitating im-mune evasion through interactions with myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs).Using single-cell transcriptomic sequencing,we analyzed the interplay between COL11A1-positive CAFs and MDSCs in the CC microenvironment,focusing on how COL11A1 impacts MDSC differentiation and activation.The results demonstrate that COL11A1 expression in fibroblasts significantly enhances matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)3 and MMP13 expression,leading to paracrine induction of MDSC differentiation and activation,which promotes immune evasion and tumor growth.Additionally,we observed that COL11A1 knockout(COL11A1KO)suppresses tumor growth and hinders immune evasion.These findings underscore the essential role of COL11A1-positive CAFs in establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment conducive to CC progression.By elucidating the molecular pathway through which COL11A1 influences MDSC activity,this research suggests new therapeutic avenues for targeting the tumor microenvironment in CC,particularly through modulating COL11A1 expression in CAFs.