OBJECTIVE: Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) have pharmacological functions and clinical use. BIAs are mainly distributed in plant species across the order Ranunculales and the genus Phellodendron from Sapindales. The BIA biosynthesis has been intensively investigated in Ranunculales species. However, the accumulation mechanism of BIAs in Phellodendron is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to unravel the biosynthetic pathways of BIAs in Phellodendron amurens. METHODS: The transcriptome and metabolome data from 18 different tissues of P. amurense were meticulously sequenced and subsequently subjected to a thorough analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a powerful systems biology approach that facilitates the construction and subsequent analysis of co-expression networks, was utilized to identify candidate genes involved in BIAs biosynthesis. Following this, recombinant plasmids containing candidate genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, a widely used prokaryotic expression system. The purpose of this genetic engineering endeavor was to express the candidate genes within the bacteria, thereby enabling the assessment of the resultant enzyme activity. RESULTS: The synonymous substitutions per synonymous site for paralogs indicated that at least one whole genome duplication event has occurred. The potential BIA biosynthetic pathway of P. amurense was proposed, and two PR10/Bet v1 members, 14 CYP450s, and 33 methyltransferases were selected as related to BIA biosynthesis. One PR10/Bet v1 was identified as norcoclaurine synthase, which could catalyze dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde into (S)-norcoclaurine. CONCLUSION Our studies provide important insights into the biosynthesis and evolution of BIAs in non-Ranunculales species.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate(TAF)in the treatment of patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods We retrospective analyzed 41 patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis receiving TAF antiviral therapy for 24 weeks at Wuwei Tumor Hospital in Gansu province from June 2022 to June 2023.Primary endpoint was proportion of patients achieving virologic response(HBV DNA<20 IU/mL).Other endpoints included changes in ALT,AST,TBIL,Child-Pugh score(CTP),and MELD score from baseline to week 24.In terms of safety,changes in Scr,eGFR and adverse events from baseline to week 24 were observed.Results Of 41 patients,73.2%were male(n = 30),with mean age of 53.49 years.24 weeks after treatment with TAF,HBV DNA was undetectable in 90.2%of the patients.The median levels of ALT,AST and total bilirubin(TBIL)were 50.70 U/L,48.70 U/L and 26.40 μmol/L respectively at base-line,and reduced significantly to 31.50 U/L,37.8 U/L and 23.8 μmol/L(P<0.05)respectively after 24-week therapy with TAF.CTP score was improved in 58.6%of the patients(n = 24),and so was MELD score in 63.4%of the patients(n = 26)at week 24.The median serum creatinine and eGFR were 58.5 μmol/L and 106.15 mL/(min·1.73 m2)respectively at baseline,and creatinine and eGFR were stable during treatment.No drug-related adverse events or severe adverse events occurred during treatment,neither did creatinine and eGFR liver transplan-tation,HCC or death.Conclusions Our clinical studies demonstrated better effectiveness and safety of TAF for decompensated CHB patients.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of two methods for urethral catheterization in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and acute urinary retention after failure of routine indwelling catheterization.Methods:This was a randomized controlled study. From January 2020 to December 2021, 80 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with acute urinary retention who failed of catheterization by conventional methods in the Department of Urology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital were divided into observation group and control groupaccording to the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The observation group used a 12 Fr silicone Foley catheter, which was folded 2 cm in front of the catheter. The control group used a 16 Fr silicone curved Coudé catheter. The success rate of catheterization, catheterization time, incidence of gross hematuria after catheterization, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were compared between the two groups.Results:The success rate of catheterization in the observation group was 82.5% (33/40), which was significantly higher than 62.5% (25/40) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.01, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of gross hematuria, the time of catheterization from urethra into bladder and VAS between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Technique for manipulating a 12 Fr catheter before insertion into urethral meatus in a difficult catheterization has high success rate and not significantly increases the side effects in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with acute urinary retention after failure of routine indwelling catheterization.

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been widely used as a scaffold for regenerative medicine due to its high biomimetic and excellent biocompatibility. As a functional polymer material with high water content and controlled fluidity, hydrogel is very promising for some minimally invasive surgery in clinical practice. In recent years, with the rapid development of hydrogel theory and technology, dECM hydrogel has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine. In this paper, the related researches in recent years are reviewed regarding the preparation of dECM hydrogel and its preclinical application. The future clinical use is also prospected.

AT-motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1), also named as zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), is reported as a transcriptional regulator with the highest molecular weight. ATBF1 regulates mRNA transcription by binding to AT-rich motif of gene promoter. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that ATBF 1 gene is an important candidate tumor suppressor gene. Frequent mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are found in ATBF 1 gene in multiple tumors, including prostate cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer. The gene expression and protein localization of ATBF1 are associated with the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Moreover, ATBF1 plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This review summarizes the research progress of ATBF 1 gene in malignant tumors from four aspects: DNA, mRNA, protein and molecular mechanism, in order to comprehesively understand the anti-cancer mechanism of ATBF1 and its clinical significance in diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of sodium ozagrel combined with cinepazide treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis , and the influence on hemorheology and blood lipid.Methods 112 cases of arteriosclerosis in patients with cerebral infarction were randomly selected from January 2015 to January 2016 in our hospital, and were randomly divided into observation group and control group ,56 cases in each group, the control group were treated with cinepazide treatment, patients in the observation group was combined with ozagrel sodium, clinical curative effect and blood rheology were compared between the two groups study, blood lipid.Results The observation group the total efficiency was significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.05 ) .After treatment, compared with before treatment, blood rheology parameters and blood lipid levels of two groups were significantly improved ( P<0.05 ) , and the patients in the observation group improved the hemorheological parameters and blood lipid level was significantly better than the control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Ozagrel sodium combined with cinepazide maleate in the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis process,can significantly improve the hemorheological parameters and blood lipids, and the clinical curative effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of fluticasone propionate combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 88 cases of COPD patients from October 2014 to October 2016 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups of the control group observation group with 44 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional treatment, the observation group was treated with fluticasone propionate plus noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and then the curative effect of the two groups was compared.Results The total effective rate of observation group was 100% higher than that of the control group 70.5%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), after treatment, the observation group of FVC (2.50 +0.32) L, FEV1 (1.36 +0.20) L, FEV1%(51.23+4.32), PaO2(10.51+2.10) kPa, PaCO2(5.15 +1.19) kPa, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the observation group recurrence rate 4.5% was lower than the control group 13.6%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion COPD patients with fluticasone propionate combined noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, can effectively improve lung function, reduce disease recurrence rate, a significant effect.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct screening for the active ingredients of Ziziphus jujuba with neuroprotective effect and to il-luminate their mechanisms of action preliminarily. METHODS:After neuron-like cells (PC12 cells) were respectively cultured in the ingredient of Z. jujuba with polysaccharide enriched(1 mg/ml),that with polysaccharide removed(1 mg/ml),7 kinds of flavo-noid ingredients of Z. jujuba(catechin,procyanidine B2,epicatechin,hyperoside,rutin,quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside and kaempfer-ol-3-O-rutinoside,represented by A,B,C,D,E,F,G,all at the concentrations of 3,13,30 μmol/L)and 2 kinds of nucleoside ingredients of Z. jujuba (cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate,both at the concentrations of 3, 13,30 μmol/L)for 24 h,tert-butyl hydroperoxide(tBHP,150 μmol/L)was used to act on PC12 cells for 3 h to induce oxidative cellular damage,and MTT assay was employed to detect the survival rate of PC12 cells. The PC12 cells transfected with reporter gene plasmid(pARE-Luc)were cultured as above for 24 h,luciferase(Luc)assay was used to detect the transcriptional levels of the antioxidant response element(ARE)of all groups of cells(reflected as the activity of Luc)so as to investigate the anti-injury mechanism. RESULTS:The ingredient of Z. jujuba with polysaccharide enriched could significantly increase the survival rate of PC12 cells to which oxidative damage was caused and the transcriptional level of ARE in the transfected cells. Among the flavonoid ingredients of Z. jujuba, A(30 μmol/L),B(3-30 μmol/L)and C(10-30 μmol/L)could significantly increased the survival rate of the cells,and A(30 μmol/L),B(3-30 μmol/L),C(30 μmol/L),E(30 μmol/L)and F(3-30 μmol/L)could obviously in-creased the activation level of ARE in the transfected cells. However,the nucleoside ingredients of Z. jujuba including cyclic ade-nosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate had no obvious effect of increasing the survival rate of PC12 cells to which oxidative damage was caused or activating the transcription of ARE in the transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS:The polysac-charide and flavonoid ingredients of Z. jujuba may be the active ingredients which account for the neuroprotective effect against oxi-dative cellular damage,and their mechanisms of action may be related to the activation of ARE transcription.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of gene mutation in Chinese patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). MethodsA total of 9 patients with HH who visited Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled. The genomic DNA was extracted, and PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were performed for all the exons of four genotypes of HH, i.e., HFE (type Ⅰ), HJV (type ⅡA), HAMP (type ⅡB), TFR2 (type Ⅲ), and SLC40A1 (type Ⅳ) to analyze gene mutations. A total of 50 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group to analyze the prevalence of identified gene mutations in a healthy population. ResultsOf all patients, 2 had H63D mutation of HFE gene in type Ⅰ HH, 1 had E3D mutation of HJV gene in type ⅡA HH, 2 had I238M mutation of TFR2 gene in type Ⅲ HH, and 1 had IVS 3+10 del GTT splice mutation of SLC40A1 gene in type Ⅳ HH. No patients had C282Y mutation of HFE gene in type Ⅰ HH which was commonly seen in European and American populations. Five patients had no missense mutation or splice mutation. In addition, it was found in a family that a HH patient had E3D mutation of HJV gene, H63D mutation of HFE gene, and I238M mutation of TFR2 gene, but the healthy brother and sister carrying two of these mutations did not had the phenotype of HH. ConclusionHH gene mutations vary significantly across patients of different races, and non-HFE-HH is dominant in the Chinese population. There may be HH genes which are different from known genes, and further investigation is needed.

The papers published by 17 municipal mental health institutions in Shandong Province from 2008 to 2012 , author cooperation and publication journals were analyzed, which indicated that although the number of papers published by mental health institutions in Shandong Province creased with their academic levels improved, the number of papers published by mental health institutions was significantly different , the number of researches with innova-tion was rather small, and the core author groups have not formed.