This paper summarizes Professor SHI Zaixiang's clinical experience in treating high fever caused by sepsis using Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction （柴胡桂枝干姜汤）. He holds that the key pathogenesis of sepsis involves constrained heat in the shaoyang and internal accumulation of water and fluids. The clinical manifestations such as high fever， chills， and alternating sensations of cold and heat are attributed to pathogenic heat constrained in the shaoyang. Meanwhile， soft tissue edema and serous cavity effusions are due to shaoyang dysfunction and internal water retention. In clinical practice， treating sepsis-related high fever requires addressing both the shaoyang-constrained heat and the associated edema and effusions. The therapeutic approach focuses on harmonizing the shaoyang and resolving internal fluids， using Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction as the base formula with flexible modifications. Professor SHI emphasizes that this formula shows a rapid antipyretic effect， particularly in cases where multiple anti-infective treatments have failed.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Xujiang Xie's bloodletting therapy combined with Qingyan Lige decoction on acute pharyngitis with lung-stomach heat accumulation. METHODS: A total of 88 patients with acute pharyngitis of lung-stomach heat accumulation were randomly divided into an observation group (44 cases, 4 cases dropped out) and a control group (44 cases, 4 cases dropped out). The control group was treated with oral Qingyan Lige decoction, 150 mL each time, twice a day for 6 continuous days. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, Xujiang Xie's bloodletting therapy was applied at bilateral Shaoshang (LU11), Shangyang (LI1), and Erjian (EX-HN6) in the observation group, 0.1-0.5 mL of bloodletting per site, once every other day for 3 times in total. The TCM symptom and sign score, complete blood count (white blood cell [WBC] count, neutrophilic granulocyte percentage [NE%]), inflammation indexes (serum levels of C-reactive protein[CRP], interleukin[IL]-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and immune indexes (？？, ？？, ？？) of the two groups were observed before treatment and after 6 days of treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: After 6 days of treatment, the sore throat scores, redness and swelling scores of pharyngeal mucosa and uvula, pharyngeal dry and burning scores, hyperemia scores of posterior pharyngeal lymphoid follicles, chill and fever scores, total scores of TCM symptom and sign, WBC count, NE%, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and ？？ in both groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), the above indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001). After 6 days of treatment, the levels of ？？ and ？？ in both groups were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the above indexes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.0% (38/40), which was higher than 90.0% (36/40) in the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Xujiang Xie's bloodletting therapy combined with Qingyan Lige decoction could improve the symptoms in patients with acute pharyngitis of lung-stomach heat accumulation, inhibit inflammatory response and improve immune function.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; Pharyngitis/drug therapy* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Bloodletting ; Young Adult ; Lung/drug effects* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; Adolescent ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Acute Disease/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the thoracic malignant tumor and accounts for about 15% of lung malignancies and transfer often occurs by the time of diagnosis. Extensive stage-small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) accounts for about 2/3 of all SCLC. For many years, radiotherapy has occupied an important position in the treatment of SCLC, especially in the treatment of ES-SCLC, because SCLC is more sensitive to radiotherapy. However, in recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor has shown more excellent antitumor activity in the treatment of ES-SCLC and become the mainstream argument for the treatment of ES-SCLC. However, will radiotherapy be buried by the times among the therapeutic approaches for ES-SCLC? In this article, we will review the clinical progress of radiotherapy, immunotherapy and combination therapy for ES-SCLC.
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Humans ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy/methods* ; Combined Modality Therapy

OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect mechanism of atractylodin （ATR） on lung injury and airway inflammation in rats with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）. METHODS AECOPD model was established using smoke exposure and intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide. Rats were randomly grouped into model group， ATR low-， medium- and high-dose groups （25， 50 and 100 mg/kg）， as well as high-dose ATR+anisomycin [ANS， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） activator] group （100 mg/kg ATR+5 mg/kg ANS）. Additionally， a non-modeled control group was set up， with 12 rats in each group. Rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding drug solution/normal saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. After the last medication， lung function [peak expiratory flow （PEF）， the ratio of forced expiratory volume （FEV） to forced vital capacity （FVC）， arterial partial pressure of oxygen （PaO2）]， as well as the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and IL-1β] in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）， were measured. The pathological morphology of lung tissue in rats was observed. 163.com The apoptosis of lung epithelial cells was detected， and the expression levels of proteins related to the JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） signaling pathway in rat lung tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， PEF， FEV/FVC and PaO2 of model group were slowed or decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The number of white blood cells， neutrophils， lymphocytes and macrophages， as well as the levels of IL-1β， TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF， along with the pathological score， the apoptosis rate of lung epithelial cells， and the phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38 MAPK proteins in lung tissues， were all increased or raised significantly （P＜0.05）； lung tissue exhibited severe damage， with disordered cell arrangement and marked infiltration of inflammatory cells. Compared with model group， the levels of above quantitative indicators in rats from all ATR dosage groups showed significant improvement in a dose-dependent manner （P＜0.05）； moreover， the pathological damage in lung tissue was alleviated， with cells arranged in a regular and orderly fashion. Compared with ATR high-dose group， the levels of the above quantitative indicators in rats from the high-dose ATR+ANS group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）， and the pathological damage in lung tissue was exacerbated. CONCLUSIONS ATR inhibits airway inflammation by suppressing the activity of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway， thereby improving lung tissue damage in AECOPD rats.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized by fatty acid overload, secondary chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. While no effective pharmacotherapy exists for MAFLD, mitigating inflammatory responses represents a promising approach to preventing the progression from steatosis to severe steatohepatitis. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which detects endogenous danger and stress signals, has emerged as a significant target for inflammatory disease treatment, as transcriptional inactivation of its components demonstrates the therapeutic potential for MAFLD. Natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation have shown promising efficacy in MAFLD therapy. This review synthesizes the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therapeutic targets for NLRP3 homeostasis. Additionally, natural products reported to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome for MAFLD improvement are categorized according to their mechanisms of action. The review also addresses limitations and future directions regarding natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in MAFLD treatment. Enhanced understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation mechanisms in MAFLD and the identification of novel natural products supported by mechanistic research will significantly advance MAFLD treatment.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Fatty Liver/immunology*

Objective:To evaluate the disinfection effect of high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection equipment in medical institution settings.Methods:The disinfection effect was evaluated through field tests and laboratory tests. Among them, 135 high-frequency contact points were selected from nine departments in the field test. Samples were collected before and after disinfection, and the disinfection effects of 75% alcohol wipes wiping disinfection, high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot disinfection and high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument were compared. In the laboratory test, 30 infected areas of the simulated test table were exposed to vertical ultraviolet irradiation and the bacterial-killing rate before and after disinfection was calculated.Results:In the field test, the bacteria-killing rates of 75% alcohol wipes, high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot and high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument were 94.99%, 91.53% and 95.94%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The disinfection effect of the high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument was better than that of the high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot ( P values <0.05). In the laboratory test, the killing log value of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the carrier were both greater than 3.00. In the simulated field test, the killing log value of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface samples were 4.99. Conclusion:Both the high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument and the high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot have good disinfection effects, which are similar to the disinfection effects of conventional 75% alcohol wipes.

To analyze the changes in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, homocysteine, and novel inflammatory indices (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index) before and after competitions in amateur marathon runners, and to assess the effects of myocardial injury due to acute exercise and the value of novel inflammatory indices in marathon exercise monitoring. This paper is an analytical study. Amateur athletes recruited by Beijing Hospital to participate in the 2022 Beijing Marathon and the 2023 Tianjin Marathon, and those who underwent health checkups at the Beijing Hospital Medical Checkup Center from January to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and 65 amateur marathon runners (41 males and 24 females) and 130 healthy controls (82 males and 48 females) were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Peripheral blood was collected one week before, immediately after, and one week after running, and routine blood tests, cardiac enzymes, infarction markers, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, and homocysteine were performed to calculate the values of novel inflammatory indexes. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman′s rank correlation analysis were used to compare the differences in the levels of each index between the amateur marathon population and the health checkup population, and to compare the changes and correlations of each index at the three time points in the amateur marathoners.The results showed that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios of the healthy physical examination population and 65 amateur marathoners 1 week before running were 1.73 (1.33, 2.16) and 1.67 (1.21, 2.16), the platelet-lymphocyte ratios were 122.75 (96.69, 155.89) and 120.86 (100.74, 154.63), and the systemic immune inflammation index was 398.62 (274.50, 538.69) and 338.41 (258.62, 485.38), etc.; on 1 week before running, immediately after running and 1 week after running, lactate dehydrogenase of 65 amateur marathon runners was 173.00(159.00, 196.50)U/L,284.00(237.50, 310.50)U/L, 183.00(165.50, 206.50)U/L, creatine kinase was 131.00(94.30, 188.20)U/L,318.00(212.00, 573.15)U/L,139.00(90.55, 202.40)U/L, creatine kinase isoenzyme was 2.50(1.76, 3.43)μg/L,6.24(4.87, 10.30)μg/L,2.73(1.57, 4.40)μg/L.In 65 amateur marathon runners, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, high sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, homocysteine, and novel inflammation markers were significantly elevated in the immediate post-run period compared with 1 week before the run, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-7.009, Z=-6.813, Z=-6.885, Z=-7.009, Z=-7.009, Z=-6.656; P<0.05 for the above indicators).Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammatory index all showed significant positive correlation with the pre-and post-run rates of change of high-sensitivity troponin T ( ρ=0.28, P=0.03; ρ=0.31, P=0.01; ρ=0.27, P=0.03); these 3 markers were also significantly and positively correlated with the pre-and post-run rates of change in a collection of myocardial-related markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isozymes, high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, and homocysteine, respectively( r=0.446, P=0.039; r=0.452, P=0.033; r=0.449, P=0.036).In addition, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio was positively correlated with the pre-and post-run rates of change in creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes( ρ=0.27, P=0.03; ρ=0.28, P=0.02).In conclusion, acute myocardial injury may be triggered during marathon exercise. Changes in novel inflammatory markers were significantly associated with changes in myocardial enzymes, infarction markers, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursors, and homocysteine, which may be of value for the prediction of myocardial injury during exercise.

Objective:To evaluate the disinfection effect of high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection equipment in medical institution settings.Methods:The disinfection effect was evaluated through field tests and laboratory tests. Among them, 135 high-frequency contact points were selected from nine departments in the field test. Samples were collected before and after disinfection, and the disinfection effects of 75% alcohol wipes wiping disinfection, high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot disinfection and high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument were compared. In the laboratory test, 30 infected areas of the simulated test table were exposed to vertical ultraviolet irradiation and the bacterial-killing rate before and after disinfection was calculated.Results:In the field test, the bacteria-killing rates of 75% alcohol wipes, high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot and high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument were 94.99%, 91.53% and 95.94%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The disinfection effect of the high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument was better than that of the high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot ( P values <0.05). In the laboratory test, the killing log value of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the carrier were both greater than 3.00. In the simulated field test, the killing log value of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface samples were 4.99. Conclusion:Both the high-energy pulse ultraviolet handheld disinfection instrument and the high-energy pulse ultraviolet disinfection robot have good disinfection effects, which are similar to the disinfection effects of conventional 75% alcohol wipes.

To analyze the changes in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, homocysteine, and novel inflammatory indices (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index) before and after competitions in amateur marathon runners, and to assess the effects of myocardial injury due to acute exercise and the value of novel inflammatory indices in marathon exercise monitoring. This paper is an analytical study. Amateur athletes recruited by Beijing Hospital to participate in the 2022 Beijing Marathon and the 2023 Tianjin Marathon, and those who underwent health checkups at the Beijing Hospital Medical Checkup Center from January to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and 65 amateur marathon runners (41 males and 24 females) and 130 healthy controls (82 males and 48 females) were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Peripheral blood was collected one week before, immediately after, and one week after running, and routine blood tests, cardiac enzymes, infarction markers, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, and homocysteine were performed to calculate the values of novel inflammatory indexes. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman′s rank correlation analysis were used to compare the differences in the levels of each index between the amateur marathon population and the health checkup population, and to compare the changes and correlations of each index at the three time points in the amateur marathoners.The results showed that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios of the healthy physical examination population and 65 amateur marathoners 1 week before running were 1.73 (1.33, 2.16) and 1.67 (1.21, 2.16), the platelet-lymphocyte ratios were 122.75 (96.69, 155.89) and 120.86 (100.74, 154.63), and the systemic immune inflammation index was 398.62 (274.50, 538.69) and 338.41 (258.62, 485.38), etc.; on 1 week before running, immediately after running and 1 week after running, lactate dehydrogenase of 65 amateur marathon runners was 173.00(159.00, 196.50)U/L,284.00(237.50, 310.50)U/L, 183.00(165.50, 206.50)U/L, creatine kinase was 131.00(94.30, 188.20)U/L,318.00(212.00, 573.15)U/L,139.00(90.55, 202.40)U/L, creatine kinase isoenzyme was 2.50(1.76, 3.43)μg/L,6.24(4.87, 10.30)μg/L,2.73(1.57, 4.40)μg/L.In 65 amateur marathon runners, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, high sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, homocysteine, and novel inflammation markers were significantly elevated in the immediate post-run period compared with 1 week before the run, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-7.009, Z=-6.813, Z=-6.885, Z=-7.009, Z=-7.009, Z=-6.656; P<0.05 for the above indicators).Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammatory index all showed significant positive correlation with the pre-and post-run rates of change of high-sensitivity troponin T ( ρ=0.28, P=0.03; ρ=0.31, P=0.01; ρ=0.27, P=0.03); these 3 markers were also significantly and positively correlated with the pre-and post-run rates of change in a collection of myocardial-related markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isozymes, high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, and homocysteine, respectively( r=0.446, P=0.039; r=0.452, P=0.033; r=0.449, P=0.036).In addition, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio was positively correlated with the pre-and post-run rates of change in creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes( ρ=0.27, P=0.03; ρ=0.28, P=0.02).In conclusion, acute myocardial injury may be triggered during marathon exercise. Changes in novel inflammatory markers were significantly associated with changes in myocardial enzymes, infarction markers, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursors, and homocysteine, which may be of value for the prediction of myocardial injury during exercise.

AIM: To observe the early retinal degeneration and activation of microglia in C57BL/6N(Crb1rd8/rd8)mice.METHODS:Totally 15 male SPF C57BL/6N mice and 15 male SPF C57BL/6J mice were raised normally, and fundus photography examinations were performed by Micron-Ⅲ at the time of 0, 4, 8, 12 wk of enrollment to calculate the number and area of retinopathy. At the end of experiment, all mice were sacrificed and the right eyeballs were removed to prepare retinal tissue slices. After HE staining, the retinal tissue morphology was observed under optical microscope while the location and level of CX3CR1 expression were detected in immunohistochemical staining. The left eyeballs were removed to isolate retina, then Western-Blot was used to analyze the expression of CD86 and CD206 proteins in retina, and the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 in retina was detected by electrochemiluminescence.RESULTS:The result of fundus photography examinations showed that the number of retinopathy in the C57BL/6N significantly increased at 4, 8, and 12 wk, and there were differences in variations compared with the C57BL/6J at the same time point(all P<0.05). In the changes in area of retinopathy, there was a difference between two groups at 12 wk(P<0.05), but no difference in variations within groups(both P>0.05). HE staining of retinal tissue showed that the retinal structure of C57BL/6N mice was abnormal, with loose and disordered cell arrangement, and the photoreceptor layer was obviously protruding to the inner side of retina with a drusen-like protrusion. The retinal structure of C57BL/6J mice was clearer, with orderly cell arrangement and no obvious abnormality. Immunohistochemical results showed that CX3CR1 was highly expressed in ganglion cell layer, inner and outer plexiform layer, photoreceptor cell layer and lesion in the retina of C57BL/6N mice, with a mean density of 0.285±0.056 in C57BL/6N and 0.189±0.084 in C57BL/6J mice(P<0.05). The results of Western-Blot showed that the expression of CD86 and CD206 in retina of C57BL/6N increased compared with that in C57BL/6J to varying degrees, and the difference of CD86 was statistically significant(P<0.05). The results of cytokine detection showed that the level of IL-1β, TNF-α in C57BL/6N was significantly higher than that of C57BL/6J, while IL-10 was significantly lower(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The retinal degeneration of C57BL/6N(Crb1rd8/rd8)mice progressed slowly and gradually aggravated with age. The retinal structure of the lesion was disordered and accompanied by microglial infiltration dominated by M1 polarization.