Background Occupational disease diagnosis appraisal is an appeal procedure initiated when a party disagrees with the occupational disease diagnosis conclusion. It is a legal procedure to safeguard the health rights of employees and the legitimate rights and interests of employers. Objective To analyze the data of occupational disease diagnosis appraisal in Shanghai, identify existing problems, and provide suggestions for improving. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on basic situation, characteristics of workers and employers, disease classification, and consistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions of all occupational disease diagnosis appraisal cases from 2012 to 2024. All diagnosis conclusions were named in accordance with the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Diseases included employers were classified according to the Measures for the Statistical Classification of Large, Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises" and the Notice on Adjusting the Provisions for Classifying Enterprise Registration Types; industry classification followed the Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities (GB/T 4754-2017). Results From 2012 to 2024, a total of 260 cases of occupational diseases diagnosis appraisal were closed. The main diagnosis were 138 cases of ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases (53.1%), chemical poisoning (18.8%), and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (16.2%). The proportion of ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases gradually increased (2022 excluded). The incidence of annual municipal and provincial cases decreased by 76.3% and 85.0% respectively (2024 vs 2012). The consistency rate of conclusions between appraisal and diagnosis gradually increased. The total consistency rates between final appraisals and diagnostic conclusions were 81.5%, and 79.7%, 87.8%, 100.0%, 85.0% for ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases, chemical poisoning, and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory system diseases, respectively. Specifically, the consistency rates were 80.1% and 80.0% for noise-induced deafness and chronic benzene poisoning. In terms of inconsistency reasons, "inconsistent interpretation of standards and excessive discretion in standard application" accounted for 43.8%, followed by "failure to correctly apply standards" (31.3%) and and "discrepancies in occupational exposure history recognition" (15.6%). Conclusion The revisions and improvements of the legal system for occupational disease diagnosis appraisal have played a positive role in improving the consistency of conclusions between appraisal and diagnosis of occupational diseases in Shanghai. It is suggested to further strengthening the publicity and training of occupational disease diagnosis standards to improve the quality of occupational disease diagnosis.

Depression， as one of the most common mental disorders， has imposed a heavy burden on individuals and society due to its increasing incidence rate. Exploring innovative treatment methods has become a research hotspot in recent years. Virtual reality （VR） technology， with its advantages such as immersion， interactivity and scalability， provides a new intervention approach for the treatment of depression. This article reviews the existing clinical research evidence， deeply analyzes the clinical application and research progress of VR technology in the treatment of depression， objectively assesses its clinical efficacy and potential limitations， with the aim of providing a reference basis for subsequent research. ［Funded by Key Research and Development Program Project of Human Province （number， 2021SK2029）］

The discipline of allied health sciences provides vital support to clinical diagnosis and treatment while promoting the translation of medical research into practice.As the integration of medicine and engineering deepens,talent cultivation in allied health faces new opportunities and challenges.Herein,we reviewed representative cases from domestic and international universities that have implemented interdisciplinary training in fields related to allied health,including exploration and practices concerning the development of cross-disciplinary platform,dual-degree programs,and collaborative education mechanisms involving the academia,industry,and research.We highlight the efforts of the School of Allied Health,West China School of Medicine,Sichuan University,which has continuously improved its disciplinary system and training programs through top-level planning and platform construction.The School of Allied Health Sciences has accelerated platform construction and established a new model for multidisciplinary collaborative education.At the practical level,the school has promoted curriculum reform through initiatives in ideological and political theories education,instructional system design,and the development of textbook systems.The school has created courses focused on the integration of medicine and engineering,interdisciplinary project-based modules,and specialized project-based curricula.These initiatives aim to strengthen the foundation for training high-level interdisciplinary professionals in allied health sciences under the evolving landscape of medicine-engineering integration.This articile also highlights other prospects,such as establishing a collaborative education model integrating medicine and engineering through industry-university-research collaboration,optimizing academic program structures,and enhancing professional certification systems,to inform policy-making and optimize practice.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective:To investigate the current status and challenges in legal compliance regarding the collection, utilization, sharing, cross-border transfer, and disposal of human genetic resources (HGR) in international collaboration agreements, and to explore key review points for medical institutions in international cooperation agreements to mitigate legal risks and ensure compliance in HGR-related global collaborations.Methods:We reviewed international collaborative research projects involving Peking University Cancer Hospital that were approved or filed on the National Health Commission (NHC) Administrative Service Platform between July 2019 and April 2025, analyzed the utilization of human genetic resources (HGR) materials and information in these studies, assessd compliance clauses in international agreements related to HGR management, identified gaps, and proposed actionable recommendations.Results:A total of 410 international cooperation projects on human genetic resources were analyzed, of which 302 cooperation agreements signed with sponsors stipulated that research should obtain administrative approval or complete filing for human genetic resources before implementation(73.7%). However, 113 agreements had errors in citing legal provisions or incomplete agreements. A mtotal of 385 studies involved human genetic resource materials, of which 277 agreed on the compliant use of biological samples, but mainly focused on the collection and testing process, with insufficient agreements on the disposal of remaining samples. Some agreements only stipulate that ″compliant collection and use of samples″ is the sole responsibility of medical institutions, ignoring the relevant responsibilities of the sponsor, and the risk allocation is unreasonable. 361 studies involved human genetic resources information, but only 72 explicitly agreed that China′s human genetic resources information should be collected, preserved, used and shared within the approved scope of human genetic resources (less than 20%).Conclusions:The expression of human genetic resources related content in most agreements is not standardized; The management agreement for human genetic resources materials is incomplete and does not cover the entire cycle of sample processing; The responsibilities that the applicant should bear in the cooperation are unclear; The management of human genetic resource information is easily overlooked. It is recommended that medical institutions closely monitor changes in relevant laws, regulations, and management methods, and update the corresponding clauses of the agreement in a timely manner, and improve the situations that should be submitted for administrative approval or filing in the agreement; All parties involved in the cooperation should make compliance commitments for human genetic resources; Clearly stipulate the full cycle management of human genetic resources materials; Pay attention to risk prevention and control in the management of human genetic resources information; Pay attention to the systematic coverage of intellectual property types and the operability of rights implementation in international cooperation.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of Chevron-Akin osteotomy with cannulated compression screw and absorbable screw fixation in the treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus.Methods:The data of 52 patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus treated in Sichuan Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fixation method, they were divided into metal screw group and absorbable screw group. In the metal screw group, there were 25 cases (26 feet), 2 males (2 feet) and 23 females (24 feet), aged 36.7±4.9 years (range, 21-59 years), 12 feet on the left side, 14 feet on the right side, moderate 20 feet and severe 6 feet. There were 27 cases (29 feet) in the absorbable screw group, including 1 male (1 foot) and 26 female (28 feet), aged 34.1±5.5 years (range, 19-56 years), 16 feet on the left side, 13 feet on the right side, moderate 22 feet and severe 7 feet. The healing time and complications of osteotomy were recorded between the two groups, and the hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (1-2 IMA), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), hallux-metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were compared before and after the operation.Results:All 52 patients were followed up. The follow-up time was 14.0±3.4 months (range, 11-27 months) in the metal screw group and 15.1±2.7 months (range, 13-24 months) in the absorbable screw group. In all patients, the incision healed in one stage, and no endovegetal rejection occurred. The osteotomy healing time was 3.8±0.8 months (range, 2-5 months) in the metal screw group and 3.4±1.1 months (range, 2.5-5 months) in the absorbable screw group, with no statistically significant difference ( t=1.014, P=0.417). In the metal screw group, there were symptoms of medial internal fixation irritation in 2 feet, medial osteophyte or thread knot irritation in 2 feet, and hallux valgus recurrence in 1 foot. The complication rate was 19%(5/26). In the absorbable screw group, medial osteophyte or thread knot stimulated one foot and hallux valgus recurred one foot, and the complication rate was 7%(2/29). The difference in complications between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2=8.051, P=0.012). At 12 months after operation, for the metal screw group and the absorbable screw group, HVA (13.7°±2.1° and 12.9°±3.8°), 1-2 IMA (7.2°±1.5° and 7.8°±1.2°), AOFAS score (91.4±2.2 and 90.8±3.6 points) and VAS score (1.1±0.3 and 1.3±0.4 points), respectively, were significantly higher than those in the preoperative (HVA: 37.2°± 5.4° and 35.8°±4.7°, 1-2 IMA: 18.3°± 1.8° and 17.9°±1.7°, AOFAS score: 60.4±5.6 and 58.4±7.1 points, VAS: 6.4±0.6 and 6.8±0.4 points) improvement ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of complications in metal screw group was 19%(5/26), while in absorbable screw group it was 7%(2/29), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=8.051, P=0.012). Conclusions:Both cannulated compression screw in Chevron-Akin osteotomy and absorbable screw fixation can have a good fixation effect in the treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus. Absorbable screw fixation has the advantages of low complication rate, less interference with artifacts in later imaging examination and evaluation.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of Chevron-Akin osteotomy with cannulated compression screw and absorbable screw fixation in the treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus.Methods:The data of 52 patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus treated in Sichuan Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fixation method, they were divided into metal screw group and absorbable screw group. In the metal screw group, there were 25 cases (26 feet), 2 males (2 feet) and 23 females (24 feet), aged 36.7±4.9 years (range, 21-59 years), 12 feet on the left side, 14 feet on the right side, moderate 20 feet and severe 6 feet. There were 27 cases (29 feet) in the absorbable screw group, including 1 male (1 foot) and 26 female (28 feet), aged 34.1±5.5 years (range, 19-56 years), 16 feet on the left side, 13 feet on the right side, moderate 22 feet and severe 7 feet. The healing time and complications of osteotomy were recorded between the two groups, and the hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (1-2 IMA), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), hallux-metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were compared before and after the operation.Results:All 52 patients were followed up. The follow-up time was 14.0±3.4 months (range, 11-27 months) in the metal screw group and 15.1±2.7 months (range, 13-24 months) in the absorbable screw group. In all patients, the incision healed in one stage, and no endovegetal rejection occurred. The osteotomy healing time was 3.8±0.8 months (range, 2-5 months) in the metal screw group and 3.4±1.1 months (range, 2.5-5 months) in the absorbable screw group, with no statistically significant difference ( t=1.014, P=0.417). In the metal screw group, there were symptoms of medial internal fixation irritation in 2 feet, medial osteophyte or thread knot irritation in 2 feet, and hallux valgus recurrence in 1 foot. The complication rate was 19%(5/26). In the absorbable screw group, medial osteophyte or thread knot stimulated one foot and hallux valgus recurred one foot, and the complication rate was 7%(2/29). The difference in complications between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2=8.051, P=0.012). At 12 months after operation, for the metal screw group and the absorbable screw group, HVA (13.7°±2.1° and 12.9°±3.8°), 1-2 IMA (7.2°±1.5° and 7.8°±1.2°), AOFAS score (91.4±2.2 and 90.8±3.6 points) and VAS score (1.1±0.3 and 1.3±0.4 points), respectively, were significantly higher than those in the preoperative (HVA: 37.2°± 5.4° and 35.8°±4.7°, 1-2 IMA: 18.3°± 1.8° and 17.9°±1.7°, AOFAS score: 60.4±5.6 and 58.4±7.1 points, VAS: 6.4±0.6 and 6.8±0.4 points) improvement ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of complications in metal screw group was 19%(5/26), while in absorbable screw group it was 7%(2/29), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=8.051, P=0.012). Conclusions:Both cannulated compression screw in Chevron-Akin osteotomy and absorbable screw fixation can have a good fixation effect in the treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus. Absorbable screw fixation has the advantages of low complication rate, less interference with artifacts in later imaging examination and evaluation.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective:To investigate the current status and challenges in legal compliance regarding the collection, utilization, sharing, cross-border transfer, and disposal of human genetic resources (HGR) in international collaboration agreements, and to explore key review points for medical institutions in international cooperation agreements to mitigate legal risks and ensure compliance in HGR-related global collaborations.Methods:We reviewed international collaborative research projects involving Peking University Cancer Hospital that were approved or filed on the National Health Commission (NHC) Administrative Service Platform between July 2019 and April 2025, analyzed the utilization of human genetic resources (HGR) materials and information in these studies, assessd compliance clauses in international agreements related to HGR management, identified gaps, and proposed actionable recommendations.Results:A total of 410 international cooperation projects on human genetic resources were analyzed, of which 302 cooperation agreements signed with sponsors stipulated that research should obtain administrative approval or complete filing for human genetic resources before implementation(73.7%). However, 113 agreements had errors in citing legal provisions or incomplete agreements. A mtotal of 385 studies involved human genetic resource materials, of which 277 agreed on the compliant use of biological samples, but mainly focused on the collection and testing process, with insufficient agreements on the disposal of remaining samples. Some agreements only stipulate that ″compliant collection and use of samples″ is the sole responsibility of medical institutions, ignoring the relevant responsibilities of the sponsor, and the risk allocation is unreasonable. 361 studies involved human genetic resources information, but only 72 explicitly agreed that China′s human genetic resources information should be collected, preserved, used and shared within the approved scope of human genetic resources (less than 20%).Conclusions:The expression of human genetic resources related content in most agreements is not standardized; The management agreement for human genetic resources materials is incomplete and does not cover the entire cycle of sample processing; The responsibilities that the applicant should bear in the cooperation are unclear; The management of human genetic resource information is easily overlooked. It is recommended that medical institutions closely monitor changes in relevant laws, regulations, and management methods, and update the corresponding clauses of the agreement in a timely manner, and improve the situations that should be submitted for administrative approval or filing in the agreement; All parties involved in the cooperation should make compliance commitments for human genetic resources; Clearly stipulate the full cycle management of human genetic resources materials; Pay attention to risk prevention and control in the management of human genetic resources information; Pay attention to the systematic coverage of intellectual property types and the operability of rights implementation in international cooperation.