OBJECTIVE To report the diagnosis and treatment process of 1 case of Streptomyces thermoviolaceus pneumonia， and provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this type of infection by combining literature on Streptomyces pneumonia. METHODS A case study was conducted on a patient with S. thermoviolaceus pneumonia treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. Additionally， a systematic literature review of Streptomyces pneumonia cases was performed. RESULTS The patient with S. thermoviolaceus presented with left lung consolidation and mass-like opacity. Initial diagnosis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry failed， but 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing confirmed S. thermoviolaceus as the causative pathogen. Six-month therapy with Amoxicillin capsules （1 g orally， three times daily） resulted in near-complete lesion resolution. The literature analysis of Streptomyces pneumonia revealed that 13 patients with Streptomyces pneumonia were included （including the patient reported in the article）， age range of 18-77 years， more males （8 cases）， and mostly suffering from underlying diseases. In terms of clinical symptoms， all enrolled cases exhibited cough， and some cases were accompanied by variable dyspnea. Imaging findings included that there was no characteristic predilection site for Streptomyces pneumonia lesions， and CT images commonly showed lung consolidation and bilateral nodules. Definitive diagnosis relied on 16S rRNA sequencing. Treatment regimens included tetracyclines， β -lactam drugs combined with enzyme inhibitors， ceftriaxone， aminoglycosides， macrolides， or carbapenems， administered for prolonged duration （6 months）. Follow-up indicated a good prognosis， and only one mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS 16S rRNA gene sequencing should be prioritized for diagnosing S. pneumonia. Effective antimicrobial options include tetracyclines，β-lactam drugs combined with enzyme inhibitors， ceftriaxone， aminoglycosides， macrolides， and carbapenems. Prolonged therapy correlates with favorable prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in cancer registration areas of Anhui Province from 2014 to 2020, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of esophageal cancer in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2020 was collected through the Cancer Registry in Anhui Province. The crude incidence and crude mortality were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate was standardized using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000. The trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were analyzed using the average annual percent change (APPC), stratified by genders, urban/rural areas, and ages. Results: In Anhui Province, the rank of esophageal cancer incidence dropped from the third in 2014 to the sixth in 2020. Concurrently, the crude incidence and Chinese population-standardized incidence declined from 28.74/100 000 and 20.74/100 000 to 19.23/100 000 and 10.59/100 000, respectively (AAPC=-5.846%, -9.658%, both P<0.05). The mortality rank remained stable at the fourth in 2014 and 2020, while the crude mortality and Chinese population-standardized mortality decreased from 19.96/100 000 and 14.09/100 000 to 16.00/100 000 and 8.41/100 000, respectively (AAPC=-3.542%, -7.784%, both P<0.05). The Chinese population-standardized incidence (AAPC=-9.682%, -9.188%, -6.175% and -12.575%, all P<0.05) and Chinese population-standardized mortality (AAPC=-7.734%. -7.447%. -5.366% and -10.209%, all P<0.05) showed declining trends in males, females, urban, and rural areas, respectively. From 2014 to 2020 in Anhui Province, the crude incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer generally increased with age. However, significant declining trends were observed in crude incidence (AAPC=-12.779%, -11.701%, -11.955% and -5.751%, all P<0.05) and crude mortality (AAPC=-12.255%, -11.120%, -10.985% and -5.751%, all P<0.05) for the age groups of 40-<50, 50-<60, 60-<70, 70-<80 years. A significant declining trend in crude incidence was also seen in the ≥80 years group (APPC=-6.334%, P<0.05), but the trend in crude mortality was no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion In registration areas of Anhui Province, the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer exhibited a declining trend from 2014 to 2020, calling for focused attention on the middle-aged and elderly population and enhanced health behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol control.

Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs (Eff-iEC) has emerged. This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), including Biejiajian Pill (BP), Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP), Biejia Ruangan Compound (BRC), Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FHC), Anluo Huaxian Pill (AHP), and Heluo Shugan Capsule (HSC), using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents. Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system, while the assessments for others varied. Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs, exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities. By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation, Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs, providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making, new drug evaluations, and health policy formulation.

The translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) can noninvasively detect neuroinflammation associated with epileptogenesis and epilepsy. This study explored the role of the TSPO-targeting radioligand [¹⁸F]F-TFQC, an m-trifluoromethyl ER176 analog, in the PET neuroimaging of epileptic rats. Initially, [¹⁸F]F-TFQC was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 8%-10% (EOS), a radiochemical purity of over 99%, and a specific activity of 38.21 ± 1.73 MBq/nmol (EOS). After determining that [¹⁸F]F-TFQC exhibited good biochemical properties, [¹⁸F]F-TFQC PET neuroimaging was performed in epileptic rats at multiple time points in various stages of disease progression. PET imaging showed specific [¹⁸F]F-TFQC uptake in the right hippocampus (KA-injected site, i.e., epileptogenic zone), which was most pronounced at 1 week (T/NT 1.63 ± 0.21) and 1 month (T/NT 1.66 ± 0.20). The PET results were further validated using autoradiography and pathological analysis. Thus, [¹⁸F]F-TFQC can reflect the TSPO levels and localize the epileptogenic zone, thereby offering the potential for monitoring neuroinflammation and guiding anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with epilepsy.

Vascular damage plays a significant role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of neuronal injury by vascular damage remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the impact of fibrinogen (Fg) on tau pathology. The results showed that Fg deposits in the brains of tau P301S transgenic mice interact with tau, enhancing the cytotoxicity of pathological tau aggregates and promoting tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Notably, Fg-modified tau fibrils caused enhanced neuronal apoptosis and synaptic damage compared to unmodified fibrils. Furthermore, intrahippocampal injection of Fg-modified tau fibrils worsened the tau pathology, neuroinflammation, synaptic damage, neuronal apoptosis, and cognitive dysfunction in tau P301S mice compared to controls. The present study provides compelling evidence linking Fg and tau, thereby connecting cerebrovascular damage to tau pathology in AD. Consequently, inhibiting Fg-mediated tau pathology could potentially impede the progression of AD.
Animals ; tau Proteins/metabolism* ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism* ; Fibrinogen/metabolism* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Memory Disorders/metabolism* ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain/metabolism* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Protein Aggregation, Pathological/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Phosphorylation

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies are rapidly expanding the exploration of chemical space, facilitating innovative drug discovery. However, the transformation of novel compounds into safe and effective drugs remains a lengthy, high-risk, and costly process. Comprehensive early-stage evaluation is essential for reducing costs and improving the success rate of drug development. Despite this need, no comprehensive tool currently supports systematic evaluation and efficient screening. Here, we present druglikeFilter, a deep learning-based framework designed to assess drug-likeness across four critical dimensions: 1) physicochemical rule evaluated by systematic determination, 2) toxicity alert investigated from multiple perspectives, 3) binding affinity measured by dual-path analysis, and 4) compound synthesizability assessed by retro-route prediction. By enabling automated, multidimensional filtering of compound libraries, druglikeFilter not only streamlines the drug development process but also plays a crucial role in advancing research efforts towards viable drug candidates, which can be freely accessed at https://idrblab.org/drugfilter/.

Drug development encompasses multiple processes, wherein protein subcellular localization is essential. It promotes target identification, treatment development, and the design of drug delivery systems. In this research, a deep learning framework called LocPro is presented for predicting protein subcellular localization. Specifically, LocPro is unique in (a) combining protein representations from the pre-trained large language model (LLM) ESM2 and the expert-driven tool PROFEAT, (b) implementing a hybrid deep neural network architecture that integrates convolutional neural network (CNN), fully connected (FC) layer, and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) blocks, and (c) developing a multi-label framework for predicting protein subcellular localization at multiple granularity levels. Additionally, a dataset was curated and divided using a homology-based strategy for training and validation. Comparative analyses show that LocPro outperforms existing methods in sequence-based multi-label protein subcellular localization prediction. The practical utility of this framework is further demonstrated through case studies on drug target subcellular localization. All in all, LocPro serves as a valuable complement to existing protein localization prediction tools. The web server is freely accessible at https://idrblab.org/LocPro/.

OBJECTIVE To study the general situation and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) associated with polatuzumab vedotin(combined with bendamustine and rituximab), so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS The clinical data of all patients who were hospitalized at Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital and treated with polatuzumab vedotin during hospitalization from January 2021 to August 2022 were collected by searching Hospital Information System. The basic patient information, medication status, incidence of adverse reactions, etc, were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 7 patients were enrolled in the analysis, which there were 4 males(57.1%) and 3 females(42.8%). The toxicity profile of polatuzumab vedotin consisted mainly of neutropenia and leukopenia. ADRs mainly occured within 3 months after administration, and it could be recovered after symptomatic treatment or observation, and there was no death due to ADRs. CONCLUSION During the rational use of polatuzumab vedotin in clinical practice, clinicians and pharmacists should reinforce the monitoring on its using to ensure the safe and effective of polatuzumab vedotin clinical application.

Objective To investigate the treatment of female bladder neck obstruction by 1470nm laser transurethral modified enlarged female bladder neck obstruction(FBNO).Methods The clinical data of 34 patients with FBNO from January 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient underwent a 1470nm laser transurethral modified enlarged bladder neck incision.The 1470nm laser was used to vaporise the bladder neck at 12 o'clock(lithotomy),and the incision site was expanded along the bladder neck to 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock to form a semi-circular surgical wound.The patients were followed up for complications,scored form of Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaire(BFLUTS-SF)urination symptom subscale,quality of life(QoL)score and the maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate(PdetQmax),post-void residual(PVR)were reviewed at 1,4,and 10 months after operation.Results After 10 months of follow-up,the subjective indexes of BFLUTS-SF and QoL scores were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.001),and the objective indexes of Qmax,PdetQmax,and PVR were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.001).Two patients had mild urgency urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection symptoms half a month after operation,and the symptoms were improved after anti-infection and pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment.During the follow-up period,there were no complications such as vesicovaginal fistula,stress urinary incontinence,or recurrent bladder neck obstruction.Conclusion 1470nm laser transurethral modified enlarged bladder neck resection can effectively relieve bladder neck obstruction without significant postoperative complications,with high safety and good patient satisfaction.

Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative research on the real experience and management of cancer pain in adult cancer patients, so as to provide reference for improving the management of cancer pain in adult cancer patients and reducing their cancer pain.Methods:Qualitative research literature on the real experience and management of cancer pain in cancer patients was systematically searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, China Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP. The search period was from database establishment to August 2023. The literature was evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The aggregation Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate and summarize research results.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, and 78 results were extracted to form 11 categories, which were summarized into four integrated results of the cognitive status of adult cancer patients towards cancer pain, the impact of cancer pain on patients, self-management strategies for cancer pain, and medical experiences related to cancer pain.Conclusions:Adult cancer patients face obstacles in alleviating cancer pain, such as lack of awareness of cancer pain, negative impacts, inadequate self-management strategies, and poor medical experience. Patients need to improve their self-management strategies, and the country and medical institutions should provide comprehensive support to enable patients and clinical medical and nursing staff to manage cancer pain.