ObjectiveTo explore the establishment of a rat model of diabetic macrovascular atherosclerosis （DMA） with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome induced by high-fat diet， streptozotocin （STZ）， and Yin-depleting herbs， and to evaluate its biological characteristics. MethodsForty SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group （n=10） and a modeling group （n=30）. Except for the blank group， rats in the model group were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks， followed by intraperitoneal injection of STZ （30 mg·kg^-1） to establish a diabetic model. Twenty-four successfully modeled diabetic rats were randomly divided into a model group （n=7）， a Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome group （n=8）， and a counter-syndrome group （n=9）. Except for the model group， rats received intragastric administration of Yin-depleting herbs （1.2 g·kg^-1） for 8 weeks. The counter-syndrome group was further treated with Shenqi compound formula （1.69 g·kg^-1） for an additional 8 weeks. General condition and body weight were recorded， and syndrome-related indicators were assessed， including precordial temperature， skin moisture content， grip strength， open-field test performance， and tongue appearance. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1）， insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）， and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Fasting blood glucose， blood lipids， hemorheological parameters， and coagulation function were analyzed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Vascular ultrasound and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining were used to evaluate vascular lesions. ResultsIn terms of syndrome manifestations， compared with the blank group， body weight increased rapidly during the first 5 weeks in the model， Qi and Yin deficiency， and counter-syndrome groups. After STZ injection combined with Yin-depleting herbal administration at week 5， body weight decreased significantly （P<0.01） and continued to decline until the end of the experiment. Rats exhibited decreased activity， irritability， coarse and yellowish fur with obvious shedding， polydipsia， polyphagia， frequent urination， and dry stools， which were most pronounced in the Qi and Yin deficiency group. Grip strength decreased， peak activity time occurred earlier， total distance in the open-field test was reduced， and residence time was prolonged. Precordial temperature decreased （P<0.01）， while paw temperature increased （P<0.05）， and skin moisture and oil content were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of disease-related indicators， compared with the blank group， fasting blood glucose was significantly increased （>16.7 mmol·L^-1） in the model and Qi and Yin deficiency groups， and blood lipid levels were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. Vascular-related factors ET-1， MCP-1， VCAM-1， and VEGF were significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， while IGF-1 was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Pathological examination of the aortic valve showed valvular thickening and structural disorganization. Carotid artery examination revealed discontinuity of the intima， foam cell accumulation beneath the intima， disordered smooth muscle arrangement， and widened intercellular spaces. Compared with the model group， ET-1， MCP-1， and VEGF levels were significantly decreased in both the Qi and Yin deficiency group and the counter-syndrome group. The reductions in ET-1 and MCP-1 were more pronounced in the Qi and Yin deficiency group （P<0.01）， while the decrease in VCAM-1 was more significant in the counter-syndrome group （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the Qi and Yin deficiency group showed significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）， thrombin time （TT）， and prothrombin time （PT） （P<0.01）. The erythrocyte deformability index （TK）， erythrocyte sedimentation rate， erythrocyte electrophoresis index， and whole blood low-shear viscosity all showed increasing trends. Vascular ultrasound revealed reduced arterial blood flow velocity， increased vascular resistance， and intimal thickening without plaque formation. The aortic intima showed no obvious overall thickening， with only occasional localized thickening and foam cell presence， and carotid artery injury was observed. ConclusionA rat model of DMA with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome was successfully established using high-fat diet feeding combined with STZ injection and Yin-depleting herbal administration. Shenqi compound formula effectively alleviated Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome， regulated glucose and lipid metabolism， improved hemorheological and coagulation function， reduced vascular lesion severity， and demonstrated potential for early prevention and treatment of DMA.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective To investigate the correlation between gut microbiota characteristics and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced microsatellite stable (MSS) advanced gastrointestinal tumors. Methods Thirty patients with advanced MSS gastrointestinal tumors, including fourteen cases of gastric cancer and sixteen cases of colorectal cancer, who were admitted from November 1, 2022, to July 31, 2025 were enrolled. All patients underwent gut microbiota testing and received corresponding interventions on the basis of the results, followed by treatment with antiangiogenic agents combined with immunotherapy. Some patients additionally received probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation. The primary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess potential prognostic factors. Results Among the thirty patients, no complete response was observed. Two cases of partial response (PR), twelve cases of stable disease, and sixteen cases of progressive disease were recorded. The ORR was 6.7%, and the DCR was 46.7%. The median PFS was 6.4 months, and the median OS was 8.3 months. Both PR patients were classified as having a medium risk of gut microbiota dysbiosis and exhibited a Bacteroides-dominated enterotype. Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor type, liver metastasis, and bone metastasis were potential prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Conclusion Patients with a medium risk of gut dysbiosis may exhibit a relatively favorable response to immunotherapy, suggesting that gut microbiota status could serve as a potential biomarker for predicting treatment efficacy in advanced MSS gastrointestinal tumors.

Abstract To clarify the service targets, service contents, and safeguard mechanisms of the basic public service program for student vision health management, the study grounded in the current status of child and adolescent myopia prevention and control in China and integrated with the practical experience and innovative practices of Wuhan National Demonstration Area for Student Vision Health Management, takes education as the main thread and schools as the base, consolidating resources from multiple stakeholders including education administrative departments, schools, families, and professional technical service institutions. Centering on four core components—vision health education, monitoring and record keeping, risk prevention and control, and dynamic management, the study constructs a multi tiered basic public service system for vision health management of primary and secondary school students. It further proposes the use of an intelligent management platform and a "three tier color coded early warning" mechanism (red, yellow, blue) to prevent and control student myopia at the source, providing schools with replicable and operable implementation pathways to enhance the level of student vision health management.

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of Tianjiang xueshuantong pills in the treatment of coronary heart disease. METHODS In accordance with the common pathogenesis of coronary heart disease， acute myocardial ischemia model， hyperlipidemia model， blood stasis model， and carotid artery thrombosis model were established using Wistar rats or SD rats as the experimental subjects. The effects of Tianjiang xueshuantong pills administered at high， medium， and low doses （0.6， 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg） on hemodynamic parameters and myocardial enzyme markers [lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， creatine kinase-MB （CK- MB）]， oxidative stress factors [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）]， inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）]， myocardial infarction percentage， serum lipid indexes [total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）]， platelet aggregation function 话：022-84845240。E-mail：jiangx@tjipr.com [maximum aggregation rate （MAR）]， and thrombus formation indexes [thrombosis time， thrombus mass， thrombus protein content， plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1）， and tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA）] were evaluated in the rat models. RESULTS In myocardial ischemia tests， Tianjiang xueshuantong pills significantly reduced the percentage of myocardial infarction and the levels of CK-MB， LDH， MDA， GSH， IL-6， TNF-α， IL- 1β， and MCP-1 in serum （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In hyperlipidemia tests， high dose of Tianjiang xueshuantong pills significantly reduced the serum levels of TC， LDL and significantly increased the level of HDL in rats after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of administration. In blood stasis tests， different doses of Tianjiang xueshuantong pills significantly reduced MAR of rats （P＜0.01）. In artery thrombosis tests， high dose of Tianjiang xueshuantong pills significantly prolonged the time of thrombosis formation （P＜ 0.01）， significantly reduced the weight and protein content of thrombus and the level of PAI-1 in serum （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Tianjiang xueshuantong pills exert therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease through multi-dimensional synergistic actions， including anti-myocardial ischemia， lipid-lowering， and anti-thrombotic effects.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)with or without inner limiting membrane(ILM)peeling in refractory diabetic macular edema.METHODS:Totally 80 patients with refractory diabetic macular edema were retrospectively selected and assigned into groups according to the treatment method. Among them, 38 patients treated with PPV were included as group A, and 42 patients treated with PPV combined with ILM peeling were included as group B. The relevant data of patients in the two groups were collected, and the efficacy of the two groups was compared.RESULTS: At 1, 3, and 6 mo after surgery, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), and severity of macular edema in the group B were all superior to those in the group A(all P<0.05). At 6 mo after the surgery, the incidence of complications in the group B was 12%, with no prominent difference compared to 18% of the group A(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:PPV combined with or without ILM peeling can improve visual function and relieve macular edema in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema. However, the combination of PPV and ILM peeling is superior to PPV alone in improving vision and relieving macular edema, and does not increase postoperative complications.

BACKGROUND:Cognitive impairment is the most common complication after stroke,and its severity is closely related to the patient's prognosis.The prognosis of patients can be significantly improved if the severity of their cognitive impairment is recognized and targeted early.OBJECTIVE:To initially explore potential biomarkers affecting the progression of post-stroke cognitive impairment,thereby providing a richer and unique reference for the study of their pathophysiological mechanisms.METHODS:Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,non-targeted metabolomics analysis was conducted on serum samples from patients with mild and moderate post-stroke cognitive impairment to identify differential metabolites between the two groups.To further validate the diagnostic efficacy of the differential metabolites,the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate their accuracy and sensitivity in distinguishing disease severity.In addition,pathway analysis was conducted on the differential metabolites.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were significant differences in metabolic profiles between patients with mild and moderate post-stroke cognitive impairment,and 9 differential metabolites were screened by the receiver operating characteristic curve.(2)Differential metabolite pathway analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways affecting disease progression in patients with mild-to-moderate post-stroke cognitive impairment included tryptophan metabolism,D-amino acid metabolism,biotin metabolism,retinol metabolism,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,lysine degradation,protein digestion and uptake,pyrimidine metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,ABC transporter proteins,amino acid biosynthesis,and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism.To conclude,9 potential biomarkers affecting disease progression in patients with mild-to-moderate post-stroke cognitive impairment have been identified,involving 12 metabolic pathways including tryptophan metabolism,D-amino acid metabolism and retinol metabolism.

Cilia,as cellular sensory organelles,actively partici-pate in and regulate cellular processes such as autophagy and metabolic breakdown during their generation and transportation.Autophagy,on the other hand,is a cell self-protection mecha-nism that maintains cellular homeostasis by clearing aggregates and damaged organelles.Combining recent research findings,this review comprehensively elucidates the bidirectional crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy.Specifically,it highlights the crucial role of cilia-dependent signaling pathways in activa-ting cellular autophagy and how autophagy regulates cilia genera-tion and length by degrading specific ciliary proteins.Moreover,the dysregulation of primary cilia and autophagy is closely asso-ciated with the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of vari-ous ciliopathy-related diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis.In terms of pharmacotherapy,this review provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of small mole-cule inhibitors targeting ciliogenesis,including cytoskeletal drugs and Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors.Despite the current limitations in clinical use,these drugs lay the groundw-ork for developing highly specific targeted small molecule inhibi-tors of ciliogenesis and for the treatment of ciliopathies and canc-ers.By systematically discussing ciliogenesis,autophagy,disea-ses and drugs,this review offers new insights for further elucida-ting the crosstalk between ciliogenesis and autophagy,exploring their pathological mechanisms in disease development,and de-veloping therapeutic strategies in the future.

Objective To explore the correlation between gait disorders and alterations in diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)parameters in different regions of interest(ROI)and associated white matter tracts in older patients with leukoaraiosis(LA).Methods A total of 108 elderly LA patients admitted in our department from July 2023 to May 2024 were enrolled,and based on the Fazekas scale,they were divided into normal(n=28),moderate(n=48),and severe groups(n=32).Tinetti Gait Scale(TGS)was used to evaluate the morbility and balance function,and Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)was employed to assess motor function.All participants underwent brain MRI and DTI scanning.Fractional anisotropy(FA)values were quantitatively measured in predefined ROIs and specific white matter tracts.Results The moderate and severe groups had significantly advanced age and higher homocysteine level,and lower total TGS score,Tinetti gait score,total SPPB score,and walking speed score than the normal group(P＜0.05).The severe group exhibited obviously lower education level,and decreased Tinetti balance score and standing score than the normal and moderate groups(P＜0.05).The FA values at the left pa-rietal lobe,the anterior horn of bilateral lateral ventricles,and the splenium of the left corpus cal-losum were notably lower,so were the FA values at the corpus callosum(left-right),left cortico-spinal tract(inferior segment),left anterior thalamic radiation(inferior segment),left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus(inferior segment),and left superior longitudinal fasciculus(inferior segment)in the moderate group and the severe group than the normal group(P＜0.05).The se-vere group demonstrated lower FA values at the left and right parietal lobes than the other two groups(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle(β=-0.683,P=0.001)and the left inferior corticospinal tract(β=-0.742,P=0.001)were influencing factors for gait disorder in elderly LA patients.Conclusion In elderly LA patients,gait disorders are correlated with decreased FA values in specific ROI and white mat-ter tracts,with the decreased FA values in the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle and the left inferior corticospinal tract demonstrating the most significant impact.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is difficult to detect in its early stages and current treatment methods are associated with significant side effects and a high risk of developing drug resistance.This study aims to investigate the effect of phycocyanin(PC)on the apoptosis of human HCC HepG2 cells and its potential mechanism.HepG2 cells were treated with PC at concentrations of 0.1,0.25,0.5,1,2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL for 12 h,and with 10 μg/mL PC and 2.5 μmol/L Wip1 inhibitor(Wip1i)alone or in combination for 12 and 24 h,respectively.Cell proliferation levels were assessed using the CCK-8 cell proliferation-toxicity assay kit.Apoptosis levels were measured by Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide double staining combined with flow cytometry.TMT(Tandem Mass Tag)proteomics quantitative technol-ogy was applied to analyze differential protein expression.Western blotting was used to detect the expres-sion levels of Wip1,p53,and phosphorylated-p53(Ser15)proteins.The CCK-8 assay revealed that PC effectively inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 19.37 μg/mL.Flow cytometry results showed that PC significantly in-duced apoptosis,with an apoptosis rate of 30.40％.Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that PC induced activation of the p53 pathway.The CCK-8 assay showed that Wip1i enhanced the cytotoxic effect of PC on HepG2 cells.Western blotting confirmed that PC inhibited Wip1 expression,induced p53 pro-tein phosphorylation,and promoted the expression of total p53 protein.Additionally,Wip1i further en-hanced PC-mediated activation of the p53 pathway,increasing the expression of p53 and pP53(S15).In conclusion,PC may induce apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of the p53 negative regulator Wip1,thereby promoting apoptosis through the Wip1/p53 pathway.