ObjectivePost-ischemic acute inflammation and the subsequent persistent dysregulation of the immune microenvironment represent major pathological drivers that aggravate neuronal injury and severely restrict functional recovery following ischemic stroke. Although current reperfusion therapies partially restore blood flow, they fail to effectively modulate the secondary inflammatory cascade and oxidative stress, which remain critical barriers to neurological restoration. To address this challenge, this study aimed to engineer and systematically evaluate a biomimetic nanosystem composed of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-loaded platelet membrane-camouflaged lipid nanoparticles (PLP). This nanosystem was designed to achieve dual lesion-targeted delivery and immune microenvironment remodeling. By verifying its spatiotemporal accumulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and neuroprotective efficacy, we sought to establish an integrated therapeutic strategy that simultaneously enables lesion targeting, immune regulation, and functional recovery after ischemic injury. MethodsThe physicochemical properties of PLP, including hydrodynamic particle size, zeta potential, structural stability, and morphology, were characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The preservation of platelet membrane-derived adhesion and immunoregulatory proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE through comparative analysis of protein band profiles between PLP and native platelet membranes. The in vitro biological activities of PLP were evaluated using two complementary cellular models. LPS-induced M1-polarized RAW264.7 macrophages were employed to assess inflammatory modulation, while oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced BV2 microglial cells and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were utilized to investigate neuroinflammatory regulation and neuronal protection. For in vivo validation, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model was established to mimic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The spatiotemporal biodistribution and lesion-targeting capability of the PLP were monitored through live fluorescence imaging. Therapeutic efficacy was comprehensively evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence analysis, body weight monitoring, and neurological severity score (NSS) assessment. ResultsPLP nanoparticles displayed a uniform spherical morphology, nanoscale particle size distribution, and stable negative surface charge, indicating favorable colloidal stability and circulation potential. SDS-PAGE results confirmed the effective retention of key platelet membrane proteins associated with endothelial adhesion, immune evasion, and inflammatory regulation, demonstrating the successful biomimetic construction. Optimal therapeutic concentrations were determined in OGD/R-induced BV2 cells, where PLP exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity.In vitro experiments demonstrated that PLP significantly inhibited the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and markedly reduced neuronal apoptosis under ischemia-reperfusion conditions. In vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that PLP rapidly accumulated in the ischemic brain hemisphere and maintained prolonged retention for up to 7 d, suggesting enhanced lesion-specific targeting and sustained drug release. Compared with control group, PLP treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, attenuated reactive astrogliosis, improved weight recovery, and accelerated neurological functional restoration, as reflected by significantly improved NSS scores. ConclusionThis study establishes a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform that integrates platelet membrane-mediated active targeting with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties of TGF-β1. The PLP system enables rapid lesion homing and long-term retention while synergistically regulating the post-stroke inflammatory microenvironment by suppressing pro-inflammatory immune activation, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and limiting excessive astrocyte reactivity. Importantly, this study proposes a conceptually therapeutic paradigm that combines targeted delivery with immune microenvironment remodeling to achieve comprehensive neurovascular protection. These findings provide strong experimental evidence supporting the translational potential of biomimetic nanotherapeutics as next-generation precision interventions for ischemic stroke.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and life-threatening clinical syndrome characterised by a rapid decline in renal function and diverse pathological etiologies. The condition has been demonstrated to be associated with elevated mortality rates and an increased risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. At present, clinicians depend heavily on conventional functional markers, such as serum creatinine and urine output, for the diagnosis and staging of the disease. It is evident that these conventional indicators characteristically manifest a considerable temporal delay and only undergo modification subsequent to considerable tissue damage. This severely restricts the timeframe for early detection and timely therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, standard markers fail to provide specific biological information regarding the underlying cellular injury mechanisms. The utilisation of advanced probe technologies in molecular imaging offers a robust alternative to overcome these inherent diagnostic limitations.This comprehensive review systematically evaluates recent progress in the design and application of two primary categories of molecular imaging tools for acute kidney disease, specifically reactive probes and enzyme-activated probes. Reactive probes are engineered to specifically interact with redox-active chemical species, including hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, and sulfur dioxide. Because oxidative stress constitutes a primary early event in acute renal tubular damage, these probes enable researchers and clinicians to visualize early cellular injury and radical accumulation well before global renal functional decline becomes evident. We discuss the application of these reactive probes across multiple imaging modalities including fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and photoacoustic techniques. Photoacoustic imaging combines high spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration and has successfully demonstrated the ability to provide diagnostic alerts up to 12 h before any detectable rise in serum creatinine levels. Additionally, specific reactive probes have shown promising translational potential when tested by high-throughput screening in clinical human urine samples. Enzyme-activated probes target the specific catalytic activity of disease-relevant enzymes. These include well-documented renal tubular structural biomarkers such as NAG, GGT, and ALP, along with apoptosis-related caspases and specific nitroreductases. By responding only to enzymatic cleavage, these tools provide highly specific and pathology-directed imaging readouts. Recent structural design strategies in this field have advanced significantly beyond single-enzyme detection. Researchers are now focusing on sophisticated dual-target recognition to minimize background noise, multimodal integration to cross-validate imaging signals, and theranostic applications where probes simultaneously deliver diagnostic feedback and therapeutic agents to injured tissues. Nanotechnology serves as a fundamental enabler for realizing these advanced probe functions. By precisely optimizing nanoparticle parameters such as hydrodynamic size, surface charge, and targeting ligands, researchers can achieve amplified signal output, highly precise kidney delivery, and protection against premature degradation in the systemic circulation. For example, modifying surface charges can significantly enhance the active uptake of nanoprobes by damaged renal tubular epithelial cells.While preclinical probe development has progressed rapidly, moving these technologies into routine clinical practice remains a major challenge. We analyze the translational feasibility and current obstacles from biological, technological, and regulatory perspectives. Although biological targets such as KIM-1, FAP, and ALP have been validated in extensive patient cohorts, practical barriers severely limit their immediate clinical application. These obstacles involve complex changes in in vivo pharmacokinetics. During an acute injury episode, the extreme drop in the glomerular filtration rate alters probe clearance and can cause unwanted systemic accumulation or confusing background imaging signals. Other major hurdles include a lack of comprehensive long-term toxicity data and the absence of standardized manufacturing protocols to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Future successful translation will require rigorous multi-center clinical studies to confirm the true diagnostic value of these probes over traditional markers. Researchers must also establish strict standardization of imaging procedures and comprehensive safety evaluations. Ultimately, this review provides a thorough reference framework for designing clinically translatable molecular probes and building a precision diagnostic imaging system for acute kidney injury.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Abstract To clarify the service targets, service contents, and safeguard mechanisms of the basic public service program for student vision health management, the study grounded in the current status of child and adolescent myopia prevention and control in China and integrated with the practical experience and innovative practices of Wuhan National Demonstration Area for Student Vision Health Management, takes education as the main thread and schools as the base, consolidating resources from multiple stakeholders including education administrative departments, schools, families, and professional technical service institutions. Centering on four core components—vision health education, monitoring and record keeping, risk prevention and control, and dynamic management, the study constructs a multi tiered basic public service system for vision health management of primary and secondary school students. It further proposes the use of an intelligent management platform and a "three tier color coded early warning" mechanism (red, yellow, blue) to prevent and control student myopia at the source, providing schools with replicable and operable implementation pathways to enhance the level of student vision health management.

Objective To analyze the relationships of familial affective expression with anxiety and depression in adolescents,and to explore the related factors influencing familial affective expres-sion among adolescents.Methods This cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage stratified clus-ter random sampling method to select 2,216 middle school students in Hefei from January 2 to 15,2024,for an online questionnaire survey.The Adolescent Affective Expression Scale,the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED),and the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC)were used to assess the level of familial affective expression and the status of anxi-ety and depression among adolescents.The familial affective expression of adolescents with different demographic characteristics was compared;the Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations of familial affective expression with anxiety and depression;the multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of familial affective expression among adoles-cents.Results A total of 2,216 questionnaires were distributed,and 2,017 valid questionnaires were returned,yielding a response rate of 91.02％.The total score on the Adolescent Affective Expression Scale was(24.91±7.98),with a detection rate of 17.06％for high familial affective expression.The correlation analysis revealed positive correlations of the total score on the Adolescent Affective Expression Scale with the scores on the SCARED and DSRSC(P＜0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that male(B=-2.321,95％CI,-2.587 to-2.106),living in an urban environment(B=-1.196,95％CI,-1.636 to 0.154),having a harmonious parent-child relationship without frequent arguments(B=-2.348,95％CI,-2.631 to-1.759),expe-riencing marital conflict(B=3.615,95％CI,3.015 to 4.123),adopting negative coping strate-gies(B=0.107,95％CI,0.033 to 0.196),and having lower psychological flexibility(B=0.212,95％CI,0.115 to 0.289)were influencing factors of familial affective expression among ad-olescents(P＜0.05).Conclusion Familial affective expression is associated with anxiety and de-pression in adolescents.Gender,living environment,parent-child relationship,marital relationship,coping styles,and psychological flexibility may have certain impacts on familial affective expression among adolescents.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of brain tumor incidence and age of onset in cancer registration areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019.[Methods]The incidence data of brain tumors from 2009 to 2019 were obtained from 16 national cancer registration areas of Jiangsu Province.The crude incidence rate,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard popula-tion(ASIRC),average age of onset,standardized age-specific incidence rate,and annual average percentage change(AAPC)by sexes and regions were calculated.[Results]The incidence rate of brain tumor in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 showed an increasing trend(AAPC=4.12％,95％CI:3.31％～4.95％),and the increase in female(AAPC=5.79％,95％CI:4.44％～7.15％)was higher than that in male(AAPC=2.31％,95％CI:1.66％～2.97％);and the increase in urban areas(AAPC=4.84％,95％CI:3.52％～6.18％)was higher than that in rural areas(AAPC=3.04％,95％CI:2.12％～3.98％).The ASIRC also showed an increasing trend(AAPC=2.14％,95％CI:1.27％～3.02％).Birth cohort analysis showed that within the same age group,the incidence rate of brain tumors increased with increasing birth years.The average age of onset for crude incidence showed a delaying trend of 0.43 years old per year(t=7.09,P＜0.001);that for ASIRC was 0.20 years old per year(t=3.33,P=0.009).The proportion of patients in the age group of 60 years old and above increased from 35.79％in 2009 to 44.18％in 2019.[Conclusion]The incidence of brain tumor in cancer registration areas of Jiangsu Province showed an increasing trend from 2009 to 2019 with a delaying trend of average age of onset.

Objective:To apply the Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT)to investigate the correlation between motor function, emotional state, cognitive function, and sleep quality among elderly individuals in the Chinese community.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 739 subjects aged 60 to 90 years, who were randomly recruited from December 2021 to August 2023 across Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Hainan Provinces in China.Basic demographic information was collected, and the TUGT was utilized to assess motor function.Based on the TUGT time(t), the subjects were divided into three groups: normal motor function group, mild motor abnormality group, and significant motor abnormality group.Cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese Revised Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), while the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHQ-9)was employed to measure the degree of depression.Additionally, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)was used to assess excessive daytime sleepiness.The correlation between subjects' motor function and their cognitive abilities, mood, and sleep was subsequently analyzed.Results:Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, PHQ-9, MMSE, and ESS scores were identified as significant factors influencing TUGT time.Specifically, TUGT time was positively correlated with PHQ-9 and ESS scores, while exhibiting negative correlations with systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and MMSE scores.Additionally, TUGT time was negatively correlated with the MMSE subcomponents of orientation, immediate memory, and verbal ability.All observed differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that an increase in the PHQ-9 score was associated with an odds ratio( OR)of 1.099(95% CI: 1.045-1.155, P<0.001)(mild motor abnormality group)and 1.150(95% CI: 1.066-1.242, P<0.001)(Significant motor abnormality group).Additionally, a reduction in the MMSE score was observed, with an OR of 0.939(95% CI: 0.886-0.995, P<0.001)(mild motor abnormality group)and 0.793(95% CI: 0.729-0.862, P<0.001)(Significant motor abnormality group).Furthermore, an increase in the ESS score was noted, with ORs of 1.139(95% CI: 1.094-1.186, P<0.001)(mild motor abnormality group)and 1.203(95% CI: 1.132-1.279, P<0.001)(Significant motor abnormality group).These findings suggest that these variables are independently related to decreased motor function. Conclusions:Depression, cognitive impairment, and excessive daytime sleepiness are independent risk factors for motor dysfunction among elderly individuals in community settings.The Timed Up and Go Test TUGT can be utilized for the early screening of motor function decline in this population.

Objective:Serum tumor markers(STMs)are important indicators associated with metastasis in patients with breast cancer(BC).This study focuses on predicting the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)in patients with invasive BC in Xinjiang by combining STMs and clinicopathological factors.Methods:Data from 3,360 patients diagnosed with invasive BC and treated at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed,focusing on 11 relevant demographic and clinical factors.Five ma-chine learning(ML)algorithms were used to develop predictive models for ALNM.Their performance was compared using metrics such as area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,Kappa value,and Brier score.The best-performing model was then compared with a nomogram based on Logistic regression(LR)to determine the final model.Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)values were used to rank the importance of factors contributing to ALNM.Results:Of the 3,266 patients studied,1,368(41.89%)developed ALNM.Among the five constructed ML models,eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)demonstrated the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.768,an accuracy of 0.735,and a Kappa value of 0.450.In both the training and validation sets,the XGBoost model outperformed the LR-based nomogram(training set AUC and Brier score:0.822(0.810～0.820)vs.0.742(0.721～0.763),0.170(0.163～0.177)vs.0.197(0.189～0.204);validation set AUC and Brier score:0.769(0.740～0.770)vs.0.747(0.716～0.779),0.190(0.178～0.202)vs.0.195(0.189～0.204)).Therefore,XGBoost was selec-ted as the final predictive model.SHAP analysis identified T stage,age,molecular subtype,and CEA level as the four most influential factors for ALNM prediction.Conclusions:The XGBoost model effectively predicts the risk of ALNM in patients with invasive BC based on STMs and clinicopathological features,outperforming traditional nomograms.SHAP analysis highlighted T stage as the most critical factor influencing ALNM.

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of IQGAP2 in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines,and to analyze its effects on the proliferation and migration of renal cell carcinoma cells.Methods Firstly,GEO database was used to screen differentially expressed genes between renal cell carcinoma tissues,and GEPIA,TIMER2.0 were used to analyze the expression level of IQGAP2 in renal cell carcinoma tissue.Subse-quently,knockdown(siRNA)and overexpression plasmids of IQGAP2 were constructed and transfected into ACHN and 786-O cell lines to perform a series of functional experiments to evaluate the effect of IQGAP2 on the malignant biological behavior of renal carcinoma cells.qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expres-sion of EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition)related proteins after knockdown and overexpression of IQGAP2.Results In renal cell carcinoma tissues,the relative expression of IQGAP2 was significantly lower than in adja-cent normal tissues(P<0.001).Transfection of si-IQGAP2 in ACHN and 786-O cells effectively downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of IQGAP2(P<0.01),while transfection with an overexpression plasmid significantly upregulated its mRNA and protein expression(P<0.001).Further studies revealed that overexpression of IQGAP2 significantly inhibited the proliferation(P<0.05)and migration(P<0.01)of ACHN and 786-O cells,whereas knockdown of IQGAP2 enhanced their proliferation(P<0.05,P<0.001)and migration(P<0.01).Through qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses of EMT-related proteins,it was found that reduced expression of IQGAP2 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process in renal cancer cells.Conclusions The expression of IQGAP2 is low in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cells,and the decrease of the expression level can promote the EMT process of renal cell carcinoma cells,and then enhance the proliferation and migration of renal cell carcinoma cells.IQGAP2 plays an important tumor suppressor role in renal cell carcinoma.

Objective:To analyze the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and investigate the factors that influence the development of CHF complicated by MCI.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 98 patients with CHF admitted to Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to October 2020. Based on the Petersen MCI screening criteria, the patients were divided into the MCI group ( n = 48) and the normal cognitive group (NC group, n = 50). The neuropsychological characteristics were analyzed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The cognitive domain scores of the two groups were tested and compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing the development of CHF complicated by MCI. Results:The total scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the NC group were 28.45 ± 1.10 and 27.90 ± 1.35, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the MCI group (23.50 ± 2.25, 22.95 ± 1.35, t = 13.92, 18.15, both P < 0.001). In addition, the NC group outperformed the MCI group in terms of the number of correct readings, time taken, attention, visuospatial function, memory, and language function ( t = 2.94, 7.29, 3.15, 9.90, 14.69, 4.87, all P < 0.01). The MCI group had a greater proportion of patients who were aged ≥ 65 years, had an education level of junior high school or below, experienced sleep disorders, and were classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class Ⅲ, compared with the NC group ( χ2 = 4.18, 4.08, 6.88, 4.70, all P < 0.05). Additionally, the cardiac output was lower in the MCI group than in the NC group ( t = 4.70, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥ 65 years ( OR = 3.904, 95% CI: 1.530-9.963), education level of junior high school or below ( OR = 2.565, 95% CI: 1.571-4.187), sleep disorders ( OR = 3.080, 95% CI: 1.445-6.564), and low cardiac output ( OR = 1.784, 95% CI: 1.168-2.725) were independent risk factors for CHF complicated by MCI ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Patients with CHF complicated by MCI are more likely to experience impairments in visuospatial function, executive function, attention, language function, and memory. Independent risk factors for CHF complicated by MCI include age ≥ 65 years, education level of junior high school or below, sleep disorders, and low cardiac output.