Dong Nai province in southern Viet Nam was among the hardest hit in a measles outbreak in 2024–2025 with over 7000 cases. Our analysis outlines major takeaways for measles control in recommending the need for strengthened surveillance, digital communication and intersectoral collaboration to address immunization gaps and build health system resilience in Viet Nam.

Objective: To describe caregiver burden, quality of life, and associated factors among primarycaregivers of cancer patients at Thai Binh General Hospital in 2025.Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 primarycaregivers of cancer patients at Thai Binh General Hospital from August 2025 to March 2026.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire including general characteristics; the ZaritBurden Interview (ZBI), the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF),the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Katz Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL), andthe Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).Results: The mean caregiver burden score was 36.1 ± 15.3, and 38.2% of caregivers had highcaregiver burden (ZBI 41–88, including moderate-to-severe and severe burden). The meanoverall quality-of-life score was 53.2 ± 8.7, with 35.3% classified as having low quality of life.In multivariable analysis, high caregiver burden was independently associated with higherfinancial stress and greater patient dependence in daily activities, while low quality of lifewas independently associated with caregiver age ≥40 years and greater patient dependence.Conclusion: A notable proportion of primary caregivers of cancer patients had high caregiverburden and low quality of life. Higher financial stress and greater patient dependence were associatedwith high caregiver burden, whereas caregiver age ≥40 years and greater patient dependencewere associated with low quality of life. The findings suggest that oncology services should screencaregiver burden and consider timely financial, practical, and psychosocial support for high-riskcaregivers. (PDF) Caregiving burden, quality of life, and some related factors among primary caregivers of cancer patients at Thai Binh General Hospital in 2025. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/408219248_Ganh_nang_cham_soc_chat_luong_cuoc_song_va_mot_so_yeu_to_lien_quan_o_nguoi_cham_soc_chinh_nguoi_benh_ung_thu_tai_Benh_vien_Da_khoa_Thai_Binh_nam_2025#fullTextFileContent [accessed Aug 18 2026].

Aims: Microorganisms play a vital role in the breakdown of natural organic compounds and are valuable objects for worldwide enzyme production. The aim of this study was to identify favorable production conditions for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D19 protease, followed by the purification and chemical characterization of this novel enzyme to assess its potential applications in various fields. Methodology and results: In this study, favorable conditions of protease production from B. amyloliquefaciens D19 were determined using a medium containing soluble starch (1.5%), earthworm extract (1.0%), yeast extract (0.5%), NaCl (1.0%), at pH 7.0-8.0, 37 °C for 36 h with 150 rpm shaking condition. The protease was purified and had a molecular weight of about 23 kDa. The optimum condition for casein hydrolysis was at 40 °C and pH 6.5-7.0 in the presence of 1.0 mM Na+ or 5.0 mM Zn2+. The enzymatic activity was maintained at 75-100% at 30-50 °C and in pH 6.0-10.0. The values of Vmax and KM were also determined as 1547 U/mg and 6.33 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The identified optimal conditions will serve as the foundation for the production of the 23 kDa B. amyloliquefaciens D19 protease, one of the smallest proteases within the Bacillus genus. Moreover, its notable heat resistance, broad pH tolerance, high substrate catalysis and moderate substrate binding affinity make this enzyme a promising candidate for various applications in the food-feed and brewing industries.

The spread of tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB, has strongly motivated the research and development of new anti-TB drugs. New strategies to facilitate drug combinations, including pharmacokinetics-guided dose optimization and toxicology studies of first- and second-line anti-TB drugs have also been introduced and recommended. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has arguably become the gold standard in the analysis of both endo- and exo-genous compounds. This technique has been applied successfully not only for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) but also for pharmacometabolomics analysis. TDM improves the effectiveness of treatment, reduces adverse drug reactions, and the likelihood of drug resistance development in TB patients by determining dosage regimens that produce concentrations within the therapeutic target window. Based on TDM, the dose would be optimized individually to achieve favorable outcomes. Pharmacometabolomics is essential in generating and validating hypotheses regarding the metabolism of anti-TB drugs, aiding in the discovery of potential biomarkers for TB diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and outcome evaluation. This article highlighted the current progresses in TDM of anti-TB drugs based on LC-MS bioassay in the last two decades. Besides, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of this technique in practical use. The pressing need for non-invasive sampling approaches and stability studies of anti-TB drugs was highlighted. Lastly, we provided perspectives on the prospects of combining LC-MS-based TDM and pharmacometabolomics with other advanced strategies (pharmacometrics, drug and vaccine developments, machine learning/artificial intelligence, among others) to encapsulate in an all-inclusive approach to improve treatment outcomes of TB patients.

The optimal condition for Moringa oleifera root barks extraction was determined using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken Design. The actual optimal condition of the factors was 65 o C, ethanol 60%, 40 (mL/g) liquid-to-solid ratio with 240 minutes extraction time. The enrichment of phenolic compounds sharply affected the antioxidant, and inhibitions of α-amylase enzyme, as well as, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from M. oleifera root barks. The extract in the optimal condition exhibited better 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibitory activities than those of positive controls.Also, the extract showed weak hydroxyl free radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effects. These revealed a simple and promising method for the preparation of bioactive products from the root bark of M. oleifera.

Endophytic fungi are promising sources for the production of podophyllotoxin-an important anticancer compound, replacing depleted medical plants. In this study, the endophytes associated with Dysosma difformis-an ethnomedicinal plant species were isolated to explore novel sources of podophyllotoxin. Fifty-three endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by morphological observation and ITS-based rDNA sequencing, assigning them to 27 genera in 3 divisions. Fusarium was found the most prevalent genus with a colonization frequency of 11.11%, followed by Trametes (9.26%) and Penicillium (7.41%). Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the endophytic fungi community in two collection sites, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, revealing the adaptation of the species to the specific tissues and habitats. Cytotoxic activity of endophytic fungal extracts was investigated on cancer cell lines such as SK-LU-1, HL-60, and HepG2, demonstrating strong anti-cancer activity of six isolates belonging to Penicillium, Trametes, Purpureocillium, Aspergillus, and Ganoderma with IC 50 value of lower than 10 10 µg/mL. The presence of podophyllotoxin was indicated in Penicillium, Trametes, Aspergillus and for the first time in Purpureocillium and Ganoderma via high-performance liquid chromatography, which implied them as a potential source of this anticancer compound.

Background: The rate of abortion in Vietnam is still high and is dependent on the personal factors of the women as well as the supply of contraceptive services. Objectives: To evaluate some of the factors that influenced the abortion decisions of the women admitted to the National Hospital for Obstetric and Gynecology. Subjects and method: There were 334 unwanted pregnancies in women with a gestation age of less than 12 weeks, who have aborted at the National Hospital for Obstetric and Gynecology between June 2006 and December 2006, participated in this cross-sectional study. They were interviewed according to a questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 10.0. Results: The mean age was 28.93+/-6.57 years. Among all participants, 61.4% were civil servants, 25.7% housewives, 8.1 % students. For 54.8% of all subjects this was the first abortion, and 45.2% had at least one abortion in the past. Age, occupation, educational level, marital status and numbers of children were associated with the history of abortion. Conclusion: The main reasons of abortion were having enough children, unmarried. Determinant factors of abortion decision were older age, low level of education, marital status and having enough children.
abortion

Background: In vitro fertilization cycle often have redundant embryos. These redundant embryos will be frozen and used for the next embryos transfer. Objective: To evaluate clinical pregnancy rate and factors affecting pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryos transfer. Subjects and method: 1013 frozen embryos were cultured until day 2 or 3 and then frozen by the slow freezing procedure. The embryos were thawed and transferred when indicated. Data was processed by SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 32.81 +/- 5.4 years. 70% of patients were infertile due to ovarian diseases. Clinical pregnancy rate after frozen embryos transfer was 28.1%, pregnancy rate on day 3 higher than on day 2, pregnancy rate on day 1 was 40%. Miscarriage rate was 22.3%, multiple pregnancies was 44.4%. Age of patient did not affect pregnancy outcome. Endometrial thickness, quality of embryos had affected pregnancy rate. Conclusions: Clinical pregnancy rate after frozen embryos transfer was 28.1%. Quality of embryo, endometrial thickness and time of transfer had affected pregnancy rate after frozen embryos.
Frozen embryo ; pregnancy

Background: In recent years the sex ratio at birth in Viet Nam is imbalanced, with the number of male births being higher than that of female births. Objectives: To describe the trend and distribution of sex ratio at birth by time and geography, and investigate the relationship between sex ratio at birth and abortion ratio in 2006. Subjects and method: The study was conducted in 3.840 communal health stations, 723 district hospitals/polyclinics and 132 provincial and central hospitals with total of 1,095,064 births, occupied 78% of births over the nation in 2006. Result: The male/female sex ratio varies between areas, with the ratio being higher in rural than in urban and higher in the North \u2013East and North-Central regions than in the rest of country (p<0.05). Conclusion: There has been the clear imbalance of sex ratio at birth since 2002 (varying from 110 to 113), as well as the significant imbalance of sex ratio at birth by provinces. High imbalance of sex ratio at birth is related to the high abortion rate in these provinces. Viet Nam needs to implement strong measures/actions to avoid the same situation as in China and India.
Sex ratio at birth

Cesarean scar pregnancy is one of the rarest forms of etopic pregnancy. We reported here the case of a 30 year old woman who had a previous preterm delivery with a dead newborn, one live birth with cesarean section and twice MVA after cesarean section. She was presented an with 8-week gestational pregnancy. Diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy was made by abdominal and intravaginal ultrasound. We used oocyte retrieval needle to aspirate the gestational sac under ultrasound guidance. The patient was given 4 shots of methotrexate with a dosage of 50mg every other day. Beta HCG level was monitored every 3 days during hospitalization and weekly afterward. It was found that the beta HCG levels normalized after 6 weeks and the woman\u2019s condition was stable. This case showed that the combination of ultrasound-guided gestational sac aspiration and methotrexate injection was successful in management of cesarean scar pregnancy.
Cesarean scar pregnancy ; Gestational reduction