Objective:To collect data on urinary flow rate in the elderly female population across the country and to analyze the range of reference values.Methods:This study enrolled 333 subjects from July 2020 to June 2022.The study implementation process was divided into two steps.In the first step, subjects completed an electronic questionnaire, which included basic information about the subject, a short form for urinary incontinence, and a scoring form for the symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome.In the second step, the staff introduced the use of a mobile uroflowmetric device and distributed the instrument and materials.Uroflow rate data were automatically uploaded to a cloud database via the mobile phone.Subsequently, two or more physicians specializing in urinary control performed Uroflow rate-qualifying screenings and conducted statistical analyses.Results:A total of 333 subjects were enrolled in the study, and the researchers collected 1375 qualified urine flow rate records using a mobile urine flow rate instrument.The age of the subjects ranged from 60 to 84 years, with a mean age of 69 years.The reference ranges for urinary flow rate were found to be 24.8-26.2 s, with a mean urinary flow rate of 12.2-12.9 ml/s, a maximum urinary flow rate of 22.2-23.4 ml/s, and a time to peak of 8.5-9.7 s. The study observed a tendency for both maximal and mean urinary flow rates to decrease in older women as their age increased(Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.1, P<0.001). Conclusions:The uroflow rate of older women decreases with aging.Specifically, the average uroflow rate of women over 80 years old is lower than that of other age groups.This study aims to establish normal uroflow parameters for uroflowmetry in healthy older women in China.

Ossifying fibroma (OF) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) are two fibro-osseous lesions with overlapping clinicopathological features, making diagnosis challenging. In this study, we applied a whole-genome shallow sequencing approach to facilitate differential diagnosis via precise profiling of copy number alterations (CNAs) using minute amounts of DNA extracted from morphologically correlated microdissected tissue samples. Freshly frozen tissue specimens from OF (n = 29) and FD (n = 28) patients were obtained for analysis. Lesion fibrous tissues and surrounding normal tissues were obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM), with ~30-50 cells (5 000-10 000 µm
DNA Copy Number Variations ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroma, Ossifying/genetics* ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/genetics* ; Galactosyltransferases ; Humans ; Jaw ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nuclear Proteins

Objective: To explore the prognostic effects of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) . Methods: 321 newly diagnosed, untransfused primary MDS patients who administered from December 2009 to December 2017 were enrolled. The association of MCV with prognosis and several clinical features and genetic mutations were analyzed. Results: Patients were divided into MCV≤100 fl (n=148) and MCV>100 fl (n=173) cohorts. Median overall survival of patients with MCV≤100 fl was shorter than their counterparts (27 months vs 72 months, P<0.001) . In subgroup analysis, MCV≤100 fl patients had worse survivals in bone marrow blast <5% cohort (34 months vs not reached, P=0.002) , but not so in ≥5 % cohort (17 months vs 20 months, P=0.078) . MCV≤100 fl was still an independent adverse variable (HR=1.890, 95%CI 1.007-3.548, P=0.048) after adjusting for clinical and laboratory variables and mutation topography in bone marrow blasts<5% cohort. In bone marrow blasts<5% cohort, patients with MCV≤100 fl had higher hemoglobin levels [90 (42-153) g/L vs 78.5 (28-146) g/L, P=0.015].The proportions of Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) high/very high risks and poor/very poor IPSS-R karyotypes were higher in MCV≤100 fl cohort (28.8% vs 10.8%, P=0.003; 24.7% vs 12.9%, P=0.049) . MCV≤100 fl cohort had more genetic mutations than those with MCV>100 fl though without significance (0.988 vs 0.769, P=0.064) . Mutated SF3B1 was less frequently in MCV≤100 fl cohort (4.7% vs 15.4%, P=0.018) . Conclusion MCV≤100 fl was an independent adverse variable after adjusting for clinical and laboratory variables and mutation topography in MDS patients with bone marrow blasts<5%.

Objective:To evaluate the pedicled bridge transplantation with medial leg skin flap and medial hemi-soleus muscle flap for the treatment of soft tissue defects at the contrallateral leg.Methods:Between January of 2012 and January of 2016, 8 patients with soft tissue defects at the leg were treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital of Lanzhou. They were 5 men and 3 women, aged from 19 to 50 years (mean, 35 years). All of them were treated by bridge transplantation with medial leg skin flap and medial hemi-soleus muscle flap pedicled with posterior tibial artery. The size of the defects ranged from 10 cm×9 cm to 13 cm×8 cm. The immediate coverage of the muscle flaps and vessel pedicle was repaired by a meshed split-thickness skin graft. The donor site was closed directly. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed at the final follow-up according to the criteria by Iowa for tibial fractures.Results:All the skin flaps and muscle flaps survived without any vascular crisis. One case developed necrosis of small skin graft at the distal muscle flap which spontaneously healed after dressing change for 2 weeks. Their follow-up ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 years (mean, 3.8 years). A good contour was confirmed at the recipient area. By the Iowa criteria at the final follow-up, 3 cases were excellent, 4 good and one fair.Conclusion:Pedicled bridge transplantation with medial leg skin flap and medial hemi-soleus muscle flap is a good treatment for soft tissue defects at the contrallateral leg which has only one major blood vessel, reducing damage to the donor site.

Objective:To explore the features and clinical significance of gene mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) .Methods:A total of 255 newly diagnosed primary MDS-RS patients were retrospectively reviewed from our center from January2001 to June 2019. SF3B1 gene mutations were detected by Sanger sequencing in 129 patients, and next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in the other 126 patients using a set of selected 112-genes.Results:A total of 193 (75.7%) patients presented with SF3B1 mutation, predominantly mutant at amino acid position 700 (K700E) ( n=147, 76.2%) . Non-SF3B1 gene mutations were TET2 (16.7%) , ASXL1 (14.3%) , U2AF1 (11.1%) , TP53 (7.9%) , SETBP1 (6.3%) , and RUNX1 (6.3%) . RS 5%-<15% patients had a higher SETBP1 mutation frequency than RS≥15% patients (21.4% vs 4.5%, P=0.044) . Mutation frequencies of other genes were similar in both groups (all P>0.05) . SF3B1 variant allele frequencies (VAF) had positive correlation with marrow RS percentage but without statistical significance in RS 5%-<15% group ( P=0.078, r=0.486) . SF3B1 mutant patients presented with higher marrow RS percentage compared with wild-type patients[40.0% (15.0%-80.0%) vs 25.5% (15.0%-82.0%) , P<0.001], and SF3B1 VAF positively correlated with RS percentage ( P=0.009, rs=0.261) in RS≥15% group. Age, ANC, PLT, mean RBC corpuscular volume, RS percentage, IPSS-R cytogenetics, and IPSS-R risk score were significantly different between patients with SF3B1 mutations and wild-type SF3B1 (all P<0.05) . Multivariable survival analyses adjusted by age and IPSS-R cytogenetics revealed that SF3B1 mutation was an independent favorable prognostic factor ( HR=0.265, 95% CI 0.077-0.917, P=0.036) , and TP53 mutation was an adverse variable independent of SF3B1 mutation ( HR=6.272, 95% CI 1.725-22.809, P=0.005) . According to the mutant status of SF3B1 and TP53, MDS-RS patients were categorized into 4 groups, namely, with SF3B1 and TP53 mutation, with wild-type SF3B1 and TP53, with wild-type SF3B1 but TP53 mutation, and with SF3B1 mutation but wild-type TP53. There was a significant difference for OS among these 4 groups ( P<0.001) . The former 3 groups showed no significant difference in OS in multiple comparisons. However, the SF3B1 mutation but wild-type TP53 group had a better OS than wild-type SF3B1 but TP53 mutation group and wild-type SF3B1 and TP53 group, whereas a similar OS compared with SF3B1 and TP53 mutation group. Conclusion:SF3B1 mutations were prevalent in MDS-RS patients with the most common mutation at amino acid position 700 (K700E) . SF3B1 mutation was an independent favorable prognostic variable, whereas TP53 mutation was an independent adverse variable. SF3B1 mutation could coordinate with TP53 mutation for more sophisticated prognosis stratification in MDS-RS patients.

Objective:To investigate the pathological characteristics of megakaryocytes in myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)and their correlations with driver gene mutations.Methods:Trephine specimens administered for 160 patients with MPN from February 2012 to October 2017 were reevaluated according to the World Health Organization(WHO)’s(2016)diagnostic criteria.Results:This cohort of patients included 72(45.0%)men, with the median age of 59(range, 13-87)years, comprising 39 with polycythemia vera(PV), 33 with essential thrombocythemia(ET), 37 with prefibrotic/early-primary myelofibrosis(pre-PMF), 37 with overt PMF, 1 with post-ET MF, 2 with post-PV MF, and 11 with MPN-unclassifiable(MPN-U)after the re-diagnosis. With PV, ET, pre-PMF, and overt PMF changes, proportions of dense clusters, hypolobulated nuclei, and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes gradually increased, whereas erythropoiesis gradually decreased. Proportions of reticulin, collagen, and osteosclerosis grades of ≥1 also increased. Dense clusters, hypolobulated nuclei, and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes were negatively correlated with erythropoiesis and positively correlated with granulopoiesis and fibrosis. In patients with pre- and overt PMF, dense clusters and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes were positively correlated with fibrosis. Patients with JAK2V617F MPN had significantly increased erythropoiesis( P=0.022). Patients with CALR-mutated MPN were characterized by increased loose and dense clusters; paratrabecular distribution and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes( P=0.055, P=0.002, P=0.018, P=0.008); and increased reticulin, collagen, and osteosclerosis( P=0.003, P<0.001, P=0.001). In patients with pre- and overt PMF, patients with JAK2V617F had increased cellularity( P=0.037). CALR-mutated patients had increased dense clusters and giant sizes of megakaryocytes, collagen, and osteosclerosis( P=0.055, P=0.059, P=0.011, P=0.046). Conclusion:Megakaryocytes showed abnormal MPN morphology and distribution, which were related to fibrosis. CALR mutation was probably associated with abnormal morphology and distribution of megakaryocytes and fibrosis.

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients with thrombocytopenia in varied degrees. Methods: Clinical features and survival data of 1 305 Chinese patients with PMF were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic value of thrombocytopenia in patients with PMF was evaluated. Results: 320 subjects (47%) presented severe thrombocytopenia (PLT<50×10⁹/L), 198 ones (15.2%) mild thrombocytopenia [PLT (50-99)×10⁹/L] and 787 ones (60.3%) without thrombocytopenia (PLT ≥ 100×10⁹/L). The more severe the thrombocytopenia, the higher the proportions of HGB<100 g/L, WBC<4×10⁹/L, circulating blasts ≥ 3%, abnormal karyotype and unfavourable cytogenetics (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.004, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) were observed in this cohort of patients. The more severe the thrombocytopenia, the lower the proportion of JAK2V617F positive (P<0.001) was also noticed. Platelet count was positively correlated with splenomegaly, HGB and WBC (P<0.001, correlation coefficients were 0.131, 0.445 and 0.156, respectively). Platelet count was negative correlated with constitutional symptoms and circulating blasts (P=0.009, P=0.045, respectively; correlation coefficients were -0.096 and -0.056, respectively). The median survival of patients with severe thrombocytopenia, mild thrombocytopenia and without thrombocytopenia were 32, 67 and 89 months, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified thrombocytopenia in varied degrees (HR=1.693, 95%CI 1.320-2.173, P<0.001) and Dynamic Internation Prognostic Scoring System(DIPSS) prognostic model (HR=2.051, 95%CI 1.511-2.784, P<0.001) as independent risk factors for survival. Conclusion PMF patients with severe thrombocytopenia frequently displayed anemia, leucopenia, circulating blasts and short survival, so active treatment measures should be taken especially in these patients.

Objective: To explore the clinical implications and prognostic value of TP53 gene mutation and deletion in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) . Methods: 112-gene targeted sequencing and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect TP53 mutation and deletion in 584 patients with newly diagnosed primary MDS who were admitted from October 2009 to December 2017. The association of TP53 mutation and deletion with several clinical features and their prognostic significance were analyzed. Results: Alterations in TP53 were found in 42 (7.2%) cases. Of these, 31 (5.3%) cases showed TP53 mutation only, 8 (1.4%) cases in TP53 deletion only, 3 (0.5%) cases harboring both mutation and deletion. A total of 37 mutations were detected in 34 patients, most of them (94.6%) were located in the DNA binding domain (exon5-8) , the remaining 2 were located in exon 10 and splice site respectively. Patients with TP53 alterations harbored significantly more mutations than whom without alterations (z=-2.418, P=0.016) . The median age of patients with TP53 alterations was higher than their counterparts[60 (21-78) years old vs 52 (14-83) years old, z=-2.188, P=0.029]. TP53 alterations correlated with complex karyotype and International prognostic scoring system intermediate-2/high significantly (P<0.001) . Median overall survival of patients with TP53 alterations was shorter than the others[13 (95%CI 7.57-18.43) months vs not reached, χ²=12.342, P<0.001], while the significance was lost during complex karyotype adjusted analysis in multivariable model. Conclusion TP53 mutation was more common than deletion in MDS patients. The majority of mutations were located in the DNA binding domain. TP53 alterations were strongly associated with complex karyotype and always coexisted with other gene mutations. TP53 alteration was no longer an independent prognostic factor when complex karyotype were occurred in MDS.

Objective: To investigate the self-reported prevalence, clinical characteristics, complications of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the sensitization of outdoor air pollen allergens in children in the Inner mongolia grassland region. Methods: A multistage, stratified and random clustered sampling with a face-to-face interview survey study in children from 0 to 17 years old was performed together with 10 common allergen skin prick tests (SPT) and measurements of the daily pollen count in 6 regions in the Inner mongolia grassland region from May to August of 2015. SAS 9.4 software was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 2 443 subjects completed the study. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 26.6%. The prevalence of boys was higher than that of girls (28.8% vs 24.3%, χ²=6.157, P<0.05). Subjects from urban areas showed higher prevalence than rural areas (34.7% vs 18.8%, χ²=79.107, P<0.05). There was significant regional difference in the prevalence of AR among the six areas investigated (χ²=221.416, P<0.05). The main clinical symptoms of AR were sneezing (88.2%) and nasal congestion (78.6%). Among combined diseases, asthma accounted for 16.5% (107/650), rhinoconjunctivitis accounted for 47.9% (311/650). The peak season of AR was April and July, with the top SPT positive allergens of Artemisia species and chenopodium in this area. Conclusions The prevalence AR in children in the Inner mongolia grassland region is extremely high. Sneezing is the main clinical symptom. Rhinoconjunctivitis is the most common combined disease. High summer and autumn pollen exposure is the main cause of AR.

Objective To summarize the medical security experience in first-aid and resuscitation for astronauts at the exit of capsule after the spacecraft returns to the main landing site in the process of human spaceflight in China,and thus to provide a powerful security measures for Chinese aerospace medicine.Methods The medical support experiences were summarized in human spaceflight from "Shenzhou V" to "Shenzhou X",relevant reports on emergency rescue and resuscitation were consulted in in-orbit process and after emergency return and landing for domestic and foreign astronauts,astronauts' physiological changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed during emergency return,and then,corresponding strategies were proposed and tested in practice (actual combat) by combining with the flight characteristics of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI".Results On the basis of the original emergency treatment,the countermeasures for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation were proposed after the spacecraft returned to the main landing site in human spaceflight,the emergency equipment was adjusted,the emergency procedures were optimized,and anti-fog glidescopes were added,laryngeal masks were introduced to perform supraglottic ventilation as the quickest and most effective airway opening measure on site.In addition,ultrasound examination was applied in practice as an important treatment and assessment method for basic life support and advanced life support.All these could ensure the rescuing ability on cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their stay in space for the medium-term and after their return to the main landing site.Conclusions During the return of the astronauts of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI" to the main landing site,the first aid and support program had been improved specifically and the process had been optimized to ensure the successful completion of medical security mission of China's human spaceflight.