Approximately 25%of cancers worldwide are related to obesity and sedentary lifestyle.Changing behavior(exer-cise)may be a cost-effective means of prevention and treatment.Studies have found that exercise plays an important role in reducing cancer risk,inhibiting tumor growth,improving cancer-related quality of life,and improving the effectiveness of treatment.However,this protection mechanism is largely unclear.Clarifying the mechanism of action is essential to fully exploit the potential of exercise therapy,this article reviews the possible mechanisms for exercise to reduce the risk of cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field ( PEMFS) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in males with osteoporosis after a stroke. Methods Fifty male stroke survivors with os-teoporosis were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, both of 25. Both groups were treated with routine rehabilitation, oral calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablets, while the treatment group was additionally pro-vided with PEMFS treatment. The subjects′bone mineral density ( BMD) and their blood levels of bone-specific alka-line phosphatase (B-ALP), type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide (PINP) and type β-I collagen cross-linked carboxy-terminal peptide (β-CTx) were measured before and after the 12 weeks of treatment. Results After the treatment the BMD values of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and Ward′s triangle had increased signifi-cantly in both groups, but the average BMD values of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. After the treatment, the average B-ALP, PINP andβ-CTx levels of both groups had also improved significantly compared with before the treatment, but the average improvement in all three among the treatment group was significantly greater than among the controls. Conclusion PEMFS treatment supplementing routine rehabilitation, oral calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablets can improve bone formation, re-duce bone resorption and increase bone mineral density in men after a stroke.

To analyze the molecular basis of the variation of the pathogenicity of the influenza B virus, we rescued a recombinant virus with a deletion in the carboxyl terminal of the NS1 protein using reverse genetics based on the parental virus B-S9 of B/Yamagata/16/88. A mutant strain with a deletion of 171 amino acids in the carboxyl terminal of the NS1 protein was named "B-L5". BALB/c mice were inoculated with 3 X 105 EID50 of B-L5 and the parental virus B-S9, respectively. Then, weight changes, survival, and viral titers were documented. During 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) to 7 dpi, the weight of mice infected with B-S9 decreased. However, the weight of mice infected with B-L5 showed weight decreases only at 2 dpi, and quickly recovered at 3 dpi. B-S9 and B-L5 could replicate in the lungs of BALB/c mice. However, viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with B-L5 were 7900-times lower than those of mice infected with B-S9 at 3 dpi. Viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with B-L5 were not detected at 6 dpi. These results showed that, compared with the parent virus B-S9, the mutant virus B-L5 showed lower pathogenicity in BALB/c mice. Our study suggests that deletion of the carboxyl terminal of the NS1 protein decreases the pathogenicity of the influenza B virus. Establishment of a reverse-genetics system for the B influenza virus will provide a platform for studying its pathogenesis, and mechanism of transmission, and for developing live-attenuated influenza B virus vaccines.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Dogs ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Sequence Deletion ; Survival Analysis ; Viral Load ; genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Virulence

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for Chinese stroke patients using Rasch model analysis. Methods The body functions of 38 Chinese stroke patients were measured using the brief ICF core sets. The qualifiers of the 20items were measured by two raters and analyzed using FACETS statistical software. The intra-rater reliability and validity were tested by using the separation index and separation reliability and fit analysis. Results The brief ICF core sets had good internal consistency and reliability (person separation index = 6.02, person separation reliability = 0.94 ) with these Chinese patients. The raters showed significantly different strictness in rating, but their ratings had good internal self-consistency. The construct validity was good for the body functions of the ICF component ( separation index = 10.50, separation reliability = 0.80) , but misfitting and overfitting were found in items b117, b152and b755. Conclusion The body function of the brief ICF core sets has good reliability and validity for Chinese stroke patients. A many-facet Rasch measurement model can provide comprehensive information and has good application prospects for testing the reliability and validity of ICF core sets.

Objective To investigate the safety and acute toxicities of intraoperative electron radiotherapy for patients with abdominal tumors.Methods From May 2008 to August 2009, 52 patients with abdominal tumors were treated with intraoperative electron radiotherapy,including 14 patients with breast cancer,19 with pancreatic cancer,3 with cervical cancer, 4 with ovarian cancer, 6 with sarcoma, and 6 with other tumors.Fifteen patients were with recurrent tumors.The intraoperative radiotherapy was performed using Mobetron mobile electron accelerator, with total dose of 9 - 18 Gy.In all, 29, 4 and 19 patients received complete resection, palliative resection and surgical exploration, respectively.The complications during the operations and within 6 months after operations were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 (CTC 3.0).Results The median duration of surgery was 190 minutes.Intraoperative complications were observed in 5 patients, including 3 with hemorrhage, 1 with hypotension,and 1 with hypoxemia, all of which were treated conservatively.The median hospitalization time and time to take out stitches was 12 and 13 days, respectively.And the in-hospital mortality was 4% (2/52).Twentyfour patients suffered post-operative adverse events, including 3 postoperative infections.With a median follow-up time of 183 days, 20% of patients sufferred from grade 3 to 5 adverse events, with hematological toxicities being the most common complication, followed by bellyache.Grade 1 and 2 toxicities which were definitely associated with intraoperative radiotherapy was 28% and 4%, respectively.None of grade 3 to 5 complications were proved to be caused by intraoperative radiotherapy.Conclusions Intraoperative electron radiotherapy is well tolerable and could be widely used for patients with abdominal tumors, with a little longer time to take out stitches but without more morbidities and toxicities compared surgery alone.

BACKGROUND: Now, Shock Wave Therapy is used to cure the ununion and delayed union of bone, the avascular necrosis of the femoral head and the chronic injury of locomotor system, what has got a good curative effect. But, the mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of c-Fos, c-Jun protein in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) Influenced by shock wave.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized group, the controlled study was performed at the State Key Laboratory of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, from March 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS: Bone marrow was obtained from healthy volunteers.METHODS: Human BMSCs were cultured in vitro. And the fourth generation cells were digested into cell suspension with 2.5 g/L trypsin and adjusted at a density of 1.0×10~9/L with DMEM-LG. Then, the cells were divided into 6 1.5-mL Eerrendorf tubes, one was control group and the other five were experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with an optimal dose of shock wave (8.5 kV, 120 times) by liquid-electric shock wave lithotripsy. Then the protein was extracted at different time points (5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2 hours) after treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Inverted microscope was used to observe the morphologic feature of BMSCs. The growth curves were charted by MTT method. The change of activations of c-Fos, c-Jun were tested by western blot. RESULTS: ①BMSCs were seeded in culture plate. The cells began to divide and proliferate slowly 24 hours later, and became fusiform shape after adhering to the wall. 3 days later, the speed of proliferation quickened, and cells accumulated colony. At day 10-14, the number of hMSCs grew till they covered the bottom of the culture plate. The round passage hMSCs adhered to the wall completely in 24 hours, which were similar to primary cells. The cells connected together during one week, and showed vortex-like. The speed of proliferation became slower and the cells became older when hMSCs were passaged to the tenth generation. ②MTT method showed that the growth curve of original, P2, P3 hMSCs looked like S shape, and the third to fifth days were growing period. ③The phosphorylation level of c-Fos and c-Jun began to increase after induced by shock wave and reached a peak at 30 and 15 minutes, respectively. And their phosphorylation level were 2.56-fold and 1.68-fold (P < 0.01) compared with the average level in control groups, respectively. Then they began to decrease. There was no apparent change in the total dose (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Following the treatment of shock wave, the activations of c-Fos and c-Jun in BMSCs increased.

BACKGROUND:The previous researches indicate that, shock waves can enhance the proliferation of T-cells and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2 through a mechanism that involves p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)activation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release is an underlying mechanism through which low-density shock waves (LDSWs) augment T-cell function.DESIGN: Controlled repetitive measurement by groups, taking cells as subject.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University.MATERIALS: KDE-2001 Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripter (Beijing Zhongke Jian An Meditechs Co., Beijing, China).p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 1 mg (BioSource Inc., Camarillo, CA); p38 MAPK kit for detecting phosphorylation (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. U.S.A.); P2 receptor inhibitor suramin 50 mg (BIOMOL Research Laboratories Inc., PA) was prepared into 0.02 mol/L solution by 1.749 2 mL IMDM. ATP enzyme: apyrase 200 U (Sigma, U.S.A.); P2X7 receptor antagonist KN-62 (BioSource Inc., Camarillo, CA); ATP Bioluminescence Assay Kit CLS Ⅱ (Roche Diagnostics GmbH,Mannheim, Germany).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Orthopedic Laboratory of the First Clinical Hospital in Jilin University from January 2005 to December 2006. ①An Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripter (at 7 kV generator voltage, 0.3 μF capacitance, 23 MPa positive pressure, 0.18 mJ/mm2 energy flux density) was applied for LDSWs treatment ranging from 50 to 400 impulses. ②ATP release into the culture supernatant from Jurkat T-cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined with a specific ATP Bioluminescence Assay Kit. ③Negative control group excluded antagonist or inhibitor. Human PBMCs were used to determine the effect of LDSWs on activated T-lymphocyte proliferation. Human Jurkat cells were used to study the effects of LDSWs on IL-2 expression. Expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in Jurkat T-cell were measured by Western Immunoblotting with anti-p38 MAPK antibodies and anti-p38 MAPK phospho-specific antibodies that recognized the phosphorylation (on Thr180/Tyr182).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: extra-cellular ATP release, IL-2 expression in cell suspension, cellular proliferation and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.RESULTS: ①ATP release under the condition without LDSWs was obviously lower than that with LDSWs of 100, 150,200, 250, 300, 360 and 400 impulses (P ＜ 0.01), and ATP release increased with the LDSWs impulse.②Compared with negative control group, the additions of apyrase, KN-62 or suramin attenuated the 3H-TdR incorporation of the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMCs or CD3/CD28-stimulated Jurkat T-cells, which were effected with LDSWs of 100,150, 200, 250, 300, 330 impulses at 0.18 mJ/mm2 (P＜ 0.01). IL-2 expression in the cellular supernatant was also significant increased (P ＜ 0.01). ATPase, KN-62 or suramin all decreased the effect of LDSWs on p38 MAPK of Jurkat T-cells.CONCLUSION: ①LDSWs deform cellular membranes but have no effect on organelle, which results in ATP release from Jurkat cells. Exogenous ATP release activates P2X7 receptor and p38 MAPK, and increases IL-2 expression. LDSWs enhance T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2X7 receptor and phosphorylized p38 MAPK activation. ②The release of ATP plays a key role in the mechanism through which LDSWs regulate the function of T cells.

Thirty-two patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures(Neer Ⅲ or Ⅳ) were admitted to Department of Orthopedics,First Hospital of Jilin University from March 2001 to April 2006.The patients consisted of 19 males and 13 females,aged 19-70 years,including 15 of 19-49 years and 17 of 50-70 years.All patients underwent treatment of cloverleaf plate-screw fixation.During the follow-up for 8 months,union time and scores from Constant & Murley functional scale were similar between male and female groups.Compared with patients aged 50 years,and the scores from Constant & Murley functional scale were significantly lower(P 50 years old is relatively longer with unfavorable functional recovery in the shoulder joint.

The expression of resistin protein in normal human abdominal, thigh, pregnant women abdominal, non-pregnant women abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta and the relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pregnant physiological insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was investigated. The expression of resistin protein in normal human abdominal, thigh, pregnant women abdominal, non-pregnant women abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta was detected by using Western blotting method. Fasting serum glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase assay. Serum cholesterol (CHOL), serum triglycerides (TG), serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined by full automatic biochemical instrument. Fasting insulin was measured by enzyme immunoassay to calculate insulin resistance index (IRI). Height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF %). Resistin protein expression in pregnant women placental tissue (67 905 +/- 8441) (arbitrary A values) was much higher than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue in pregnant women abdomen (40 718 +/- 3818, P < 0.01), non-pregnant women abdomen (38 288 +/- 2084, P < 0.01), normal human abdomen (39 421 +/- 6087, P < 0.01) and thigh (14 942 +/- 6706, P < 0.001) respectively. The resistin expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue showed no significant difference among pregnant, non-pregnant women and normal human, but much higher than that in thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001). Pearson analysis revealed that resistin protein was correlated with BMI (r = 0.42), fasting insulin concentration (r = 0.38), IRI (r = 0.34), BF % (r = 0.43) and fasting glucose (r = 0.39), but not with blood pressure, CHOL, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. It was suggested that resistin protein expression in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was much higher than that in human thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue. Resistin was closely related with central obesity, leading to IR, subsequently obesity and T2DM. Resistin protein expression in placental tissue was much higher than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue in normal human abdomen, pregnant abdomen, non-pregnant women abdomen and thigh. It was indicated that resistin protein could be secreted from human placental tissue. Resistin might be one of the factors that lead to pregnant physiological IR and GDM.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance (MDR) makes the treatment of tumor more difficult. Many factors contribute to the happening of MDR. The combination of two or more kinds of reverse reagent at the same time may be more effective to MDR.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reversal effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion on MDR of human leukemia cell line (K562) and ADM resistant cell line (K562/ADM) cell line and the mechanism of it.DESIGN: An observational controlled experiment.SETTING: First Affiliated Hospital's Central Laboratory of Jilin University.MATERIALS: K562 and K562/ADM (Tianjin Blood Research Institute of CAS). Tanshinone and Tanshinone Microemulsion (Pharmaceutical College of Jilin University). ADM(Pfizer pharmaceutical corp). P-gp-PE fluorescent antibody and Bcl-2-FITC fluorescent antibody (Immunotech Biotech corp).DMSO(Beijing Chemical Plant).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of First Hospital ffiliated to Jilin University from March 2003 to January 2004. ① K562 was cultured in liquid medium(RMPI1640) which contains 100 g/L calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and streptomycin. The culture tank's environment was kept at 37 ℃, with saturated humidity and 5%CO2. K562/ADM was cultured in the same environment as above, but ADM was added to the RMPI1640. ② The reverse effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion (Tanshinone and Microemulsion as control) on K562/ADM cells' MDR is observed. ③Tanshinone Microemulsion,Tanshinone and Microemulsion's MDR reverse fold to K562 cell line was detected by the method of MTT. ④ ADM of different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60 mg/L)were added to grouped cells of exponential proliferation period. The intracellular drug concentration was observed by detecting fluorescent density.⑤ Expression rate of P-gp, Bcl-2 and apoptosis ratio of K562 and K562/ADM added with Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion cell line were observed by the method of Flow Cytometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion's MDR reverse fold to K562 cell line. ②Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion's effect to K562 cell's intracellular contration.③Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion's influence to K562 cell's expression rate of P-gp, Bcl-2 and apoptosis ratio.RESULTS: ①Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion could decrease the MDR of the K562/ADM. The effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion were significantly higher than Tanshinone and Microemulsion(P ＜ 0.05 ).②The intracellular concentration of ADM can be improved by Tanshinone Microemulsion, Microemulsion and Tanshinone. The ADM's concentration of K562/ADM treated by Tanshinone Microemulsion is highest and the difference is significant(P＜ 0.05). ③Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion could reduce the expression level of P-gp and Bcl-2 in K562/ADM, and increase the apoptosis percentage of tumor cell. Tanshinone Microemulsion has the most significant effect on it,andincreases the apoptosis percentage of tumor cell with ADM (P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Tanshinone Microemulsion (0.5 mg/L) can increase the intracellular concentration of ADM, which is consist with the conclusion of down regulation of the expressions of P-gp and Bcl-2. Reversal effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion is more effective than that of Tanshinone and Microemulsion.