In recent years, the study of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in the heterogeneity of astrocytes (astrocytes) after spinal cord injury (SCI) has provided new perspectives on post-traumatic nerve regeneration and repair. To provide a review on the research progress of single-cell sequencing technology in astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI), and to more comprehensively and deeply elaborate the application of single-cell sequencing technology in the field of astrocytes after SCI. Single-cell sequencing technology can analyse the transcriptomes of individual cells in a high-throughput manner, thus revealing fine differences in cell types and states. By using single-cell sequencing technology, the heterogeneity of astrocytes after SCI and their association with nerve regeneration and repair were revealed. In conclusion, the application of single-cell sequencing technology provides an important tool to reveal the heterogeneity of astrocytes after SCI, to further explore the mechanisms of astrocytes in SCI, and to develop intervention strategies targeting their regulatory mechanisms in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of SCI. The discovery of changes in astrocyte transcriptome dynamics has improved researchers' understanding of spinal cord injury lesion progression and provided new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points. To date, all of these findings need to be validated by more basic research and sufficient clinical trials. In the future, single-cell sequencing technology, through interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics, computer science, tissue engineering, and clinical medicine, is expected to open a new window for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/cytology* ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods* ; Humans ; Animals ; Transcriptome ; Nerve Regeneration

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but effective clinical drugs and management are lacking. Previous studies have suggested that macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to AKI and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in mediating macrophage activation and polarization in various diseases, but the specific mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates macrophages during AKI remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FoxO1 in macrophages in the pathogenesis of AKI. We observed a significant upregulation of FoxO1 in kidney macrophages following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856-encapsulated liposome (AS-Lipo), mainly acting on macrophages, effectively mitigated renal injury induced by I/R injury in mice. By generating myeloid-specific FoxO1-knockout mice, we further observed that the deficiency of FoxO1 in myeloid cells protected against I/R injury-induced AKI. Furthermore, our study provided evidence of FoxO1's pivotal role in macrophage chemotaxis, inflammation, and migration. Moreover, the impact of FoxO1 on the regulation of macrophage migration was mediated through RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1), indicating that ARHGEF1 may serve as a potential intermediary between FoxO1 and the activity of the RhoA pathway. Consequently, our findings propose that FoxO1 plays a crucial role as a mediator and biomarker in the context of AKI. Targeting macrophage FoxO1 pharmacologically could potentially offer a promising therapeutic approach for AKI.

Objective To explore the time-varying pattern of potential symptoms in breast cancer patient before and after chemotherapy,and further analyze its influencing factors,aims to provide reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods 233 cases of breast cancer in a tertiary A hospital in Ningxia from June to October,2023 were selected as the research subjects.By the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of Anderson Symptom Assessment Scale,the potential change of symptoms of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy 1-3 days before the first chemotherapy(T1,233 cases)and 7-14 days after the third or fourth chemotherapy(T2,225 cases)was analyzed.Results 225 cases of breast cancer patients completed 2 surveys,and their symptom characteristics before and after chemotherapy can be divided into 2 categories:a high symptom troubled group and a low symptom troubled group.The high-symptom troubled group has strong stability,and the probability of maintaining the original group is 85.20％,while the low-symptom troubled group is more inclined to change to the high-symptom troubled group,and the transition probability is 26.60％.Logistic regression analysis showed that the mass was located on the left side,and the patients who obtained disease knowledge mainly through the Internet were more likely to change from the high symptom troubled group to the low symptom troubled group,while the patients who were employed,with unsatisfactory sleep at night,and never exercised were more likely to change from the low symptom troubled group to the high symptom troubled group.Conclusion The symptoms of breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy are heterogeneous.Patients who are on the job,have unsatisfied sleep at night and never exercise are more likely to change from the low-symptom troubled group to the high-symptom troubled group,which suggests that medical staff should identify potential high-risk groups at an early stage,and make full use of the predictive function of symptom characteristics to carry out individualized management based on the dynamic monitoring of symptoms according to different types of population characteristics,so as to reduce the burden of symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of mobile-intelligent medical management system for gout patients.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. One hundred and two patients with gout who visited rheumatology department of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2022 to October 2023 were randomly divided into study group ( n=53) and the control group ( n=49). Patients in the study group were managed by the mobil-gout(M-G) health management system which consists of a distant management plateform and an App. The body weight and blood uric acid levels were regularly self-tested by patients, and the information was sent to the system, the doctor gave feed-back advice on medication adjustment and dietary management every 2 weeks. While patients in the control group were managed following the conventional outpatient consultation mode. The serum uric acid levels, liver and kidney function tests and physical examinations were conducted on the day of enrollment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. The number of affected joints and the frequency of attacks were evaluated, and pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). The efficacy of treatment were compared between two groups. Results:After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the serum uric acid levels in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (408.0 (345.0, 450.0)μmol/L vs. 458.0 (409.0, 482.0)μmol/L, 371.0 (338.5, 409.0) μmol/L vs. 412.0 (368.5, 445.0)μmol/L; Z=3.37, 4.61, P<0.01); and VAS scores were also significantly lower than those in control group (6.66±1.46 vs. 4.68±1.80, 7.45±1.06 vs. 5.88±1.52; t=14.12, 13.72, P<0.01). After 6 months of treatment, the frequency of gout attacks in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( χ2=9.30, P<0.05). As the follow-up period was extended, the average number of joints affected by gout attacks and the frequency of gout attacks in the study group showed a reducing trend compared to the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The M-G medical management system can more effectively control uric acid levels and alleviate symptome for gout patients.

Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) combines electrophysiology with anatomy to monitor nerve function during thyroid surgery,and has become an important auxiliary technology for neuroprotection. After more than ten years of development,the technology has been widely applied and popularized in China,promoting the development of a number of new technologies in the industry. Combined with the questionnaire survey data of the Chinese Neural Monitoring Study Group,this paper aims to summarize the clinical effect of IONM technology, the application status and existing problems at home and abroad, and propose the possible future development direction.

Aromatherapy refers to the method of using the aromatic components of plants in appropriate forms to act on the entire body or a specific area to prevent and treat diseases. Essential oils used in aromatherapy are hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic molecules， such as limonene， linalool， linalool acetate， geraniol， and citronellol. These chemicals have been extensively studied and shown to have a variety of functions， including reducing anxiety， relieving depression， promoting sleep， and providing pain relief. Terpenoids are a class of organic molecules with relatively low lipid solubility. After being inhaled， they can pass through the nasal mucosa for transfer or penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream upon local application. Some of these substances also have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier， thereby exerting effects on the central nervous system. Currently， the academic community generally agrees that products such as essential oils and aromatherapy from aromatic plants have certain health benefits. However， the process of extracting a single component from it and successfully developing it into a drug still faces many challenges. Its safety and efficacy still need to be further verified through more rigorous and systematic experiments. This article systematically elaborated on the efficacy of aromatic substances， including plant extracts and natural small molecule compounds， in antibacterial and antiviral fields and the regulation of nervous system activity. As a result， a deeper understanding of aromatherapy was achieved. At the same time， the potential of these aromatic substances for drug development was thoroughly explored， providing important references and insights for possible future drug research and application.

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of lung zinc ions to pathogenesis of lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, lung I/R group (I/R group), lung I/R + low-dose zinc chloride group (LZnCl₂+I/R group), lung I/R + high-dose ZnCl₂ group (HZnCl₂+I/R group), lung I/R + medium-dose ZnCl₂ group (MZnCl₂+I/R group) and TPEN+MZnCl₂+I/R group (n = 8 in each group). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the concentration of zinc ions in lung tissue. The degree of lung tissue injury was analyzed by observing HE staining, alveolar damage index, lung wet/dry weight ratio and lung tissue gross changes. TUNEL staining was used to detect cellular apoptosis in lung tissue. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to determine the protein expression levels of caspase-3 and ZIP8, as well as the mRNA expression levels of zinc transporters (ZIP, ZNT) in lung tissue. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of lung tissue was detected by JC-1 MMP detection kit. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the lung tissue damage, lung wet/dry weight ratio and alveolar damage index were significantly increased in the I/R group. And in the lung tissue, the concentration of Zn²⁺ was markedly decreased, while the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio and apoptotic levels were significantly increased. The expression levels of ZIP8 mRNA and protein were down-regulated significantly, while the mRNA expression of other zinc transporters remained unchanged. There was also a significant decrease in MMP. Compared with the I/R group, both MZnCl₂+I/R group and HZnCl₂+I/R group exhibited significantly reduced lung tissue injury, lung wet/dry weight ratio and alveolar damage index, increased Zn²⁺ concentration, decreased ratio of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 and apoptosis, and up-regulated expression levels of ZIP8 mRNA and protein. In addition, the MMP was significantly increased in the lung tissue. Zn²⁺ chelating agent TPEN reversed the above-mentioned protective effects of medium-dose ZnCl₂ on the lung tissue in the I/R group. The aforementioned results suggest that exogenous administration of ZnCl₂ can improve lung I/R injury in rats.
Animals ; Reperfusion Injury/pathology* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Chlorides/administration & dosage* ; Lung/pathology* ; Zinc Compounds/administration & dosage* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism*

To clarify the occurrence and distribution of broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2) on Rehmannia glutinosa, this study collected 87 R. glutinosa samples with typical symptoms of viral disease such as chlorosis and crumple from Wenxian county and Wuzhi county in Jiaozuo city, Henan province and Qiaocheng district in Bozhou city, Anhui province. The BBWV2 CP target band was amplified from 37 R. glutinosa samples by RT-PCR technology. The total detection rate reached 42.5%, among which 43.0% was detected in samples from Henan province. The detection rate in samples from Anhui province was 37.5%. 37 BBWV2 CP sequences were obtained by cloning and sequencing of BBWV2 positive samples(data has been submitted to GenBank, accession numbers: PP407959-PP407995), and the sequence analysis of these CP sequences with 91 other BBWV2 isolates in GenBank showed a high genetic diversity with a consistency rate of 70.8%-100%. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed that BBWV2 could be divided into three groups according to CP sequences, among which the BBWV2 in R. glutinosa isolates obtained in this study were all located in group 3. This study identified the differences in the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of BBWV2 in R. glutinosa from Henan province and Anhui province and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of BBWV2.
Rehmannia/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/virology* ; China ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Fabavirus/classification*

After the wooden shipwreck was recovered from the marine underwater environment,the wooden components undergo varying degrees of degradation,therefore,accurately determining the extent of degradation is a fundamental scientific issue for implementing effective preservation strategies.In this work,the wooden remains of Pinus massoniana excavated from the"Nanhai No.1"shipwreck(Southern Song Dynasty)were investigated and compared with the modern wood to discriminate the degradation levels of archaeological wood using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy.The residual sugar content within wood cell walls was determined using a non-invasive automated microscale ATR-FTIR method to extract chemical information from the wood tangential section.Microstructural characterization of wood samples was conducted by super depth of field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.FTIR spectral analysis was performed to evaluate the degradation state and elucidate changes in cellulose crystallinity.Finally,the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis(sPLS-DA)model facilitated the rapid discrimination of degradation levels in shipwreck archaeological wood,and the performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and area under the curve(AUC).The results showed that the higher the degree of wood degradation,the lower the residual sugar content in the wood cell wall,and the residual glucose content of highly degraded wood was only 4.7％.Significant differences were observed in both the tangential section microstructure and FTIR characteristic absorption patterns across degradation levels,and as the degradation advanced,progressive cell wall loosening occurred alongside selective removal of polysaccharide components,and the relative lignin content was increased,resulting in an elevated A1509/A1370 ratio in FTIR spectra.The sPLS-DA model achieved excellent discrimination performance with AUC values exceeding 0.9,confirming that the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with sPLS-DA enabled accurate assessment of degradation levels in shipwreck archaeological wood.This study developed a rapid and accurate methodology for assessing degradation levels in shipwreck archaeological wood based on microscale ATR-FTIR spectroscopy,which would help to promote the accurate assessment of the preservation state of waterlogged wooden artifacts.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1β(PGC-1β),hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),and resistin(RETN)in gouty arthri-tis(GA),and analyze their correlation with the degree of joint damage.Methods A total of 134 patients with GA in the hospital from January 2022 to October 2023 were selected as GA group,and 134 healthy people who underwent the physical examination in the same period were selected as control group.The serum expression levels of PGC-1β,HIF-1α and Retn were compared between the two groups.The expression levels of PGC-1β,HIF-1α and Retn in serum and synovial fluid of patients with different clinical characteristics in GA group were compared,the degree of joint destruction was graded according to the subjective pain grading method(VAS)and the patients were divided into a severe GA subgroup of 78 cases and a mild GA subgroup of 56 ca-ses.The expression levels of PGC-1β,HIF-1α,RETN,bone destruction factors[β-cross linked degradation products(β-CTX),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b(TRACP5b),receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)]and inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)]were compared among different degrees of joint destruction,and the correlation between serum and syno-vial fluid PGC-1β,HIF-1α,RETN and the degree of joint destruction,bone destruction factors,and inflamma-tory factors was analyzed.Results The expression level of PGC-1β in serum of GA group was lower than that of the control group,while the expression levels of HIF-1α and RETN in serum were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in serum and synovial fluid PGC-1β,HIF-1α,and RETN levels among GA patients with different clinical stages,affected joints,disease duration,and annual seizure frequency(P＜0.05).The expression levels of PGC-1β in the serum and synovial fluid of the severe GA subgroup were lower than those of the mild GA subgroup(P＜0.05),while the expression lev-els of HIF-1α and RETN were higher than those of the mild GA subgroup(P＜0.05).The expression levels ofβ-CTX and TRACP5b in the severe GA subgroup were higher than those in the mild GA subgroup(P＜0.05),while the expression level of RANKL was lower than that in the mild GA subgroup(P＜0.05).PGC-1βin serum and synovial fluid was negatively correlated with the degree of joint destruction,β-CTX,TRACP5b,TNF-α,and IL-1β,and positively correlated with RANKL.HIF-1α and RETN were positively correlated with the degree of joint destruction,β-CTX,TRACP5b,TNF-α,and IL-1β,and negatively correlated with RANKL.Conclusion PGC-1β,HIF-1α,and RETN are abnormally expressed in patients with GA,and are closely associ-ated with the degree of joint destruction,bone destruction factors,and inflammatory factors.They are expec-ted to become reliable indicators for evaluating the occurrence and progression of GA.