Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are common organic compounds in indoor and outdoor air, and enter the human body primarily through the respiratory tract and directly damage the respiratory system. Previous studies have suggested that exposure to VOCs/SVOCs may associate with the prevalence, incidence, and progression of asthma, but the extent of the associations is still vague. Furthermore, biomarkers for efficient and simple asthma diagnosis, typing, and attack prediction remain unclear at this stage. From the perspective of the collection and detection methods of VOCs/SVOCs, this paper summarized the epidemiological associations and underlying biological mechanisms between VOCs/SVOCs exposure and the prevalence, incidence, and progression of asthma in children/adults. It also demonstrated the application of VOCs/SVOCs in recent years in assisting asthma diagnosis, such as distinguishing asthma patients from the healthy population, differentiating different asthma phenotypes, and predicting asthma acute exacerbations, aiming to provide a scientific basis for improving current asthma management.

The doctor-patient relationship is a set of social relationships based on shared interests， mutual trust， and emotional bonds， to relieve illnesses and promote health. However， the doctor-patient relationship often falls into tensions and conflicts. How to build a trusting and harmonious doctor-patient destiny community has become one of the most important issues of concern to the whole society. Based on the biopsychosocial concept of disease， the emotion management technique （EMT） emphasizes that doctors take the patient’s emotion as a clue in clinical diagnosis and treatment， regard emotions as one of the important indicators for disease diagnosis， understand the emotional events behind the disease， and provide patients with appropriate empathy and emotional management， so as to provide clinical methods for managing diseases and building a trusting and harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1) is a crucial therapeutic target for various neuroendocrine and oncological disorders. Current SSTR1-targeted treatments, including the first-generation somatostatin analog lanreotide (Lan) and the second-generation analog pasireotide (Pas), show promise but encounter challenges related to selectivity and efficacy. This study presents high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of SSTR1 complexed with Lan or Pas, revealing the distinct mechanisms of ligand-binding and activation. These structures illustrate unique conformational changes in the SSTR1 orthosteric pocket induced by each ligand, which are critical for receptor activation and ligand selectivity. Combined with the biochemical assays and molecular dynamics simulations, our results provide a comparative analysis of binding characteristics within the SSTR family, highlighting subtle differences in SSTR1 activation by Lan and Pas. These insights pave the way for designing next-generation therapies with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects through improved receptor subtype selectivity.

Objective:To explore the survival and prognostic factors of a long-course venetoclax-based(VEN-based)regimen in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and provide evidence for the maintenance treatment of AML.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in patients who received a VEN-based regimen and completed at least four courses of efficacy evaluation at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2021 to January 2024.The composite complete response rate(cCR),minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative rate,overall survival(OS)time,relapse-free survival(RFS)time,and adverse events were analyzed.Results:Overall,30 newly diagnosed patients with AML were enrolled in this study.The median age was 65(range,53-78)years,and the median number of treat-ment cycles was 7(range,4-20)years.After one cycle,the CR-and MRD-negative rates were 80.0%and 63.3%,respectively.The cumulative cCR was 96.7%,and MRD negative rate was 80.0%,respectively.The median follow-up time was 21.3(95%confidence intervals 14.7-27.9)months.The median OS time was 32.3 months and RFS time was not reached.The 2-year OS and RFS rates were 70.6%and 54.8%,respect-ively.Univariate analysis suggested that ELN2017 risk stratification and relapse status affected RFS and OS(P<0.05).However,the multivari-ate analysis failed to reveal any relationship between these factors and survival(P>0.05).In terms of safety,hematological adverse events were the most common,followed by infections.Overall,the VEN-based regimen was tolerated for patients with AML.Conclusions:A long-course VEN-based regimen is effective and safe.More than half of patients survive for>2 years,and it can be used as an effective mainten-ance treatment option for patients with AML.

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a hematological malignancy.For decades,chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of AML treatment.With the application of targeted therapy in recent years,the treatment landscape of AML has changed.However,some patients exhibit resistance to treatment or relapse after treatment.Therefore,novel,highly effective,and low-toxicity regimens must be explored in order to further improve the clinical outcomes of patients.Immunotherapy achieves anti-tumor treatment by modulating the body's im-mune response.It has demonstrated considerable efficacy and controllable safety in relapsed or refractory patients;thus,it is expected to serve as an important therapeutic option for this group of patients.In this article,we review the research advances in immunotherapy for AML treatment.

Objective:To explore the survival and prognostic factors of a long-course venetoclax-based(VEN-based)regimen in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and provide evidence for the maintenance treatment of AML.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in patients who received a VEN-based regimen and completed at least four courses of efficacy evaluation at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2021 to January 2024.The composite complete response rate(cCR),minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative rate,overall survival(OS)time,relapse-free survival(RFS)time,and adverse events were analyzed.Results:Overall,30 newly diagnosed patients with AML were enrolled in this study.The median age was 65(range,53-78)years,and the median number of treat-ment cycles was 7(range,4-20)years.After one cycle,the CR-and MRD-negative rates were 80.0%and 63.3%,respectively.The cumulative cCR was 96.7%,and MRD negative rate was 80.0%,respectively.The median follow-up time was 21.3(95%confidence intervals 14.7-27.9)months.The median OS time was 32.3 months and RFS time was not reached.The 2-year OS and RFS rates were 70.6%and 54.8%,respect-ively.Univariate analysis suggested that ELN2017 risk stratification and relapse status affected RFS and OS(P<0.05).However,the multivari-ate analysis failed to reveal any relationship between these factors and survival(P>0.05).In terms of safety,hematological adverse events were the most common,followed by infections.Overall,the VEN-based regimen was tolerated for patients with AML.Conclusions:A long-course VEN-based regimen is effective and safe.More than half of patients survive for>2 years,and it can be used as an effective mainten-ance treatment option for patients with AML.

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a hematological malignancy.For decades,chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of AML treatment.With the application of targeted therapy in recent years,the treatment landscape of AML has changed.However,some patients exhibit resistance to treatment or relapse after treatment.Therefore,novel,highly effective,and low-toxicity regimens must be explored in order to further improve the clinical outcomes of patients.Immunotherapy achieves anti-tumor treatment by modulating the body's im-mune response.It has demonstrated considerable efficacy and controllable safety in relapsed or refractory patients;thus,it is expected to serve as an important therapeutic option for this group of patients.In this article,we review the research advances in immunotherapy for AML treatment.

Objective To observe the value of prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of congenital pulmonary airway malformation(CPAM)and bronchopulmonary sequestration(BPS)for predicting adverse outcomes of neonates.Methods Data of 51 singletons with CP AM,BPS or mixed malformations were retrospectively analyzed.The prenatal ultrasonic manifestations were observed,and the pulmonary mass volume to head circumference ratio(CVR)were measured.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated,and the efficacy of CVR for predicting adverse outcomes of neonates was evaluated.Results Pulmonary mass were detected in all 51 fetuses by prenatal ultrasound,with an average maximum diameter of(35.9±12.3)mm.Mediastinal displacement was observed in 28 fetuses(28/51,54.90％),pleural effusion and polyhydramnios each in 3 fetuses(3/51,5.88％),while other extrapulmonary malformations were noticed in 5 fetuses(5/51,9.80％).No fetal edema was found.According to the feeding artery of the mass,CPAM was diagnosed in 29(29/51,56.86％)fetuses,BPS in 20(20/51,39.22％),and mixed lesions were diagnosed in 2 fetuses(2/51,3.92％).The AUC of the initial CVR(CVR1),the maximum CVR(CVR2)and the last CVR(CVR3)of fetal pulmonary mass for predicting occurrence of neonatal respiratory distress and lung surgery were 0.907-0.993.CVR3≥1.25 was an independent predictive factors for neonatal respiratory distress in fetuses with pulmonary masses(OR=40.000,P=0.016).Conclusion CPAM and BPS had typical prenatal ultrasonic manifestations.CVR was a reliable indicator for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes of fetuses with CPAM and/or BPS.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula on the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.Method:A total of 72 SPF grade male SD rats were divided into control group, model group, Bushen group, Jianpi group, Kaixin group and Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group according to the random number table method ( n=12 in each group). The rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose once a day for 6 weeks to replicate the model of AD.And the rats in different medication groups were given corresponding administration (Bushen formula: gavage 3.60 g·kg -1·d -1, Jianpi formula: gavage 4.05 g·kg -1·d -1, Kaixin formula: gavage 2.34 g·kg -1·d -1, Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula: gavage 9.99 g·kg -1·d -1), while rats in control group and model group were treated with equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution once a day for 28 days.The learning and memory ability was tested by Morris water maze.The expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in cerebral cortical tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relative mRNA levels of p62 and Beclin in brain cortical tissue were detected by RT-PCR.SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing, one-way ANOVA was used for inter group comparisons, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results:Morris water maze results showed statistically significant differences in escape latency and the times of crossing platform among the six groups ( F=368.10, 47.43, both P<0.01). The escape latency of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group((29.30±1.64) s) was shorter than that of model group((55.58±3.23) s) ( P<0.01), the times of crossing platform ((5.17±0.72) times) in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was higher than that of model group (1.50±0.52)time, P<0.01). Compared with the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group, the escape latencies of Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were longer (all P<0.01), the times of crossing platform in Bushen group was lower ( P<0.01). Immunohistochemical results showed statistically significant differences in the positive protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins among the six groups ( F=68.52, 22.22, 31.52, all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of positive protein of PI3K ((0.47±0.15), (0.57±0.12)), Akt ((0.31±0.02), (0.38±0.02)), and mTOR ((0.22±0.18), (0.28±0.11)) in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group were less (all P<0.01). Compared with the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group, the levels of positive protein of PI3K and mTOR of Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were higher (all P<0.01). RT-PCR results showed statistically significant differences in the relative mRNA levels of Beclin and p62 among all the groups ( F=8.79, 21.01, both P<0.01). The relative mRNA level of Beclin in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was higher than that of the model group ((0.97±0.07), (0.64±0.12)), and the relative mRNA level of p62 of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was less than that of model group((0.98±0.16), (1.16±0.24))(both P<0.01). The relative mRNA levels of p62 in Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were higer than those of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula can improve cognitive impairment and learning and memory ability in AD model rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy pathway.The combination prescription is better than the split prescription.

Delayed diabetic wound healing has placed an enormous burden on society. The key factors limiting wound healing include unresolved inflammation and impaired angiogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, a popular biomaterial in the field of regeneration, has limited applications due to its non-injectable properties and rapid release and degradation of growth factors. Here, we prepared an injectable hydrogel (DPLG) based on PRP and laponite by a simple one-step mixing method. Taking advantages of the non-covalent interactions, DPLG could overcome the limitations of PRP gels, which is injectable to fill irregular injures and could serve as a local drug reservoir to achieve the sustained release of growth factors in PRP and deferoxamine (an angiogenesis promoter). DPLG has an excellent ability in accelerating wound healing by promoting macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in a full-thickness skin defect model in type I diabetic rats and normal rats. Taken together, this study may provide the ingenious and simple bioactive wound dressing with a superior ability to promote wound healing.