In recent years,Mendelian randomization based on Genome-wide association study has been widely applied to explore the etiology of various diseases.The method utilizes genetic variants strongly associated with risk factors as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship between exposure factors and outcome indicators.This paper reviews the progress of Mendelian randomization in the study of migraine,aiming to provide reference for the research on the mechanisms,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of migraine.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Dengue virus (DENV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and to evaluate the necessity of implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for blood donors during the rainy season (May-October). Methods: Prior to initiating donor screening, the Xishuangbanna Central Blood Center conducted in-house validation of reagent performance and participated in external quality assessment (EQA) organized by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL). During the surveillance period (August-October 2024), a total of 2 919 donor samples were screened using a 6-sample mini-pool NAT strategy. Daily internal quality controls were recorded. Samples that tested positive in pooled screening were deconvoluted and retested in duplicate; only those reactive in both replicate wells were sent to the NCCL for confirmatory testing. At NCCL, samples underwent re-testing using five domestic NAT reagents, as well as serological assays for NS1 antigen and DENV-specific IgG/IgM. Confirmed positive samples were further characterized by serotyping, envelope (E) gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method. Results: The DENV NAT reagent demonstrated consistent detection of 40 copies/mL controls in individual donor (ID)-NAT test (mean CT: 35.61±0.40). During the 63-day quality control monitoring, DENV detection remained stable (mean CT: 22.53±0.72). The center achieved full marks in EQA assessments for 2023 and 2024. Three reactive pools were identified in initial screening, and subsequent individual testing confirmed three DENV RNA-positive donors (sample numbers: 2401, 2402, and 2403). The confirmatory test results from NCCL were: all five NAT platforms consistently detected DENV RNA in the three samples; for serological tests, 2 samples (2402, 2403) were positive for NS1 antigen, while all three samples were negative for both IgG and IgM antibodies. DENV serotyping reagents identified DENV-2 in all cases, which were further confirmed as DENV-2 Genotype Ⅱ-Cosmopolitan by E gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that samples 2401 and 2402 clustered with Southeast Asian strains (Thailand/MZ636802.1, Laos/PQ775621.1), while sample 2403 closely matched a previously reported local Yunnan strain (PV544686.1). Conclusion: DENV-2 infection was detected among blood donors in Xishuangbanna during the rainy season, indicating concurrent risks of imported and local transmission. We recommend implementing pooled NAT screening for blood donors in high-risk areas during dengue epidemic seasons, along with strengthened laboratory quality control, to enhance blood safety.

Objective:To investigate the anesthesiology and perioperative management status of elderly patients in Beijing tertiary hospitals in 2024.Methods:Using the cluster sampling, a questionnaire was distributed to hospitals affiliated with members of the Geriatric Anesthesiology Group under the Beijing Society of Anesthesiology. The survey primarily included: ① the current status of anesthesia for elderly patients in 2024; ② the continuing education landscape related to anesthesia for elderly patients; and ③ the current practices in anesthesia management of elderly patients. The questionnaires were completed by anesthesiologists responsible for quality control data at each hospital.Results:The survey data were collected from 34 hospitals in Beijing. In 2024, the total number of anesthesia procedures performed across these hospitals was 1, 285, 620, of which 264, 257 were performed on elderly patients (age ≥ 65 yr), representing 20.55% of the total. General anesthesia remained the dominant method of anesthesia for elderly patients 77.00%(203, 478/264, 257), and sedation and anesthesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures accounted for 58.00% (153, 269/264, 257). Fewer than 20% of hospitals routinely conducted preoperative cognitive function assessment and frailty assessment. Intraoperative monitoring of anesthesia depth was routinely implemented in 82% (28/34) of the hospitals, and routine monitoring of muscle relaxation only accounted for 9% (3/34 hospitals). The use of dexmedetomidine during the perioperative period to prevent postoperative delirium accounted for 38% (13/34), the use of target-oriented fluid management combined with vasoconstrictors to maintain circulatory stability strategy accounted for 53% (15/34), and the use of lung-protective ventilation strategy accounted for 68% (23/34). After surgery, 90% of elderly patients returned to postanesthesia care unit, and the proportion of patients returning to intensive care unit/anesthesia unit intensive care was about 10.00% (26, 426/264, 257). In 85% of hospitals, extubation of endotracheal tubes and removal of laryngeal mask airways were performed in the operating room. Additionally, 68% of hospitals reported having an acute pain management team, with an average incidence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain of 20%.Conclusions:In 2024, the proportion of elderly patients receiving anesthesia in Beijing tertiary hospitals is high. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function and frailty is insufficient, but routine monitoring for geriatric anesthesia and perioperative management strategies are good, and postoperative pain management is acceptable. The overall status of perioperative anesthesia management of elderly patients is good but still needs improvement.

Semaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), which is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight loss. Its weight loss effect was exerted mainly by suppressing appetite, delaying gastric emptying, promoting energy metabolism, and accelerating lipolysis. However, delayed gastric emptying can lead to residual gastric content, increasing the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia. This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of semaglutide on gastric emptying, and proposes preventive measures for perioperative pulmonary aspiration in patients treated with semaglutide by reviewing case reports and clinical studies on semaglutide-related delayed gastric emptying. This provides a reference for the safety of semaglutide treatment during the perio- perative period.

Objective:To investigate the anesthesiology and perioperative management status of elderly patients in Beijing tertiary hospitals in 2024.Methods:Using the cluster sampling, a questionnaire was distributed to hospitals affiliated with members of the Geriatric Anesthesiology Group under the Beijing Society of Anesthesiology. The survey primarily included: ① the current status of anesthesia for elderly patients in 2024; ② the continuing education landscape related to anesthesia for elderly patients; and ③ the current practices in anesthesia management of elderly patients. The questionnaires were completed by anesthesiologists responsible for quality control data at each hospital.Results:The survey data were collected from 34 hospitals in Beijing. In 2024, the total number of anesthesia procedures performed across these hospitals was 1, 285, 620, of which 264, 257 were performed on elderly patients (age ≥ 65 yr), representing 20.55% of the total. General anesthesia remained the dominant method of anesthesia for elderly patients 77.00%(203, 478/264, 257), and sedation and anesthesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures accounted for 58.00% (153, 269/264, 257). Fewer than 20% of hospitals routinely conducted preoperative cognitive function assessment and frailty assessment. Intraoperative monitoring of anesthesia depth was routinely implemented in 82% (28/34) of the hospitals, and routine monitoring of muscle relaxation only accounted for 9% (3/34 hospitals). The use of dexmedetomidine during the perioperative period to prevent postoperative delirium accounted for 38% (13/34), the use of target-oriented fluid management combined with vasoconstrictors to maintain circulatory stability strategy accounted for 53% (15/34), and the use of lung-protective ventilation strategy accounted for 68% (23/34). After surgery, 90% of elderly patients returned to postanesthesia care unit, and the proportion of patients returning to intensive care unit/anesthesia unit intensive care was about 10.00% (26, 426/264, 257). In 85% of hospitals, extubation of endotracheal tubes and removal of laryngeal mask airways were performed in the operating room. Additionally, 68% of hospitals reported having an acute pain management team, with an average incidence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain of 20%.Conclusions:In 2024, the proportion of elderly patients receiving anesthesia in Beijing tertiary hospitals is high. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function and frailty is insufficient, but routine monitoring for geriatric anesthesia and perioperative management strategies are good, and postoperative pain management is acceptable. The overall status of perioperative anesthesia management of elderly patients is good but still needs improvement.

In recent years,Mendelian randomization based on Genome-wide association study has been widely applied to explore the etiology of various diseases.The method utilizes genetic variants strongly associated with risk factors as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship between exposure factors and outcome indicators.This paper reviews the progress of Mendelian randomization in the study of migraine,aiming to provide reference for the research on the mechanisms,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of migraine.