Objective:To determine the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition). Methods:A preliminary list of clinical issues for the guidelines was developed through literature review, clinical surveys, and expert interviews. This was followed by two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys, with quality control and statistical analysis conducted using expert positive coefficient, mean item scores, full score ratio, coefficient of variation, Cronbach′s α coefficient, and expert authority level to finalize the list of clinical issues.Results:The experts participating in the Delphi questionnaire surveys had multidisciplinary collaborative backgrounds and regional representativeness, with a high level of authority. The overall positive coefficient of expert participation in the surveys was 78.9%. Through two rounds of the Delphi method and based on the screening criteria of a mean score ≥3.5, coefficient of variation ≤30%, and full score ratio ≥30%, 17 clinical issues were ultimately included following an expert consensus meeting.Conclusions:Through the Delphi method and rigorous quality control, the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition) are determined, laying a foundation for the subsequent development of the guidelines.

Objective:To determine the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition). Methods:A preliminary list of clinical issues for the guidelines was developed through literature review, clinical surveys, and expert interviews. This was followed by two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys, with quality control and statistical analysis conducted using expert positive coefficient, mean item scores, full score ratio, coefficient of variation, Cronbach′s α coefficient, and expert authority level to finalize the list of clinical issues.Results:The experts participating in the Delphi questionnaire surveys had multidisciplinary collaborative backgrounds and regional representativeness, with a high level of authority. The overall positive coefficient of expert participation in the surveys was 78.9%. Through two rounds of the Delphi method and based on the screening criteria of a mean score ≥3.5, coefficient of variation ≤30%, and full score ratio ≥30%, 17 clinical issues were ultimately included following an expert consensus meeting.Conclusions:Through the Delphi method and rigorous quality control, the clinical issues in the Clinical practice guidelines for postoperative pain management in adults (2024 edition) are determined, laying a foundation for the subsequent development of the guidelines.

Objective:To explore the causal association of glucose-lipid metabolism and obesity indicators with myocardial infarction by a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods:Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to phenotypes were obtained from genome-wide association study databases. The body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin dataset includes 99 998 samples and 8 126 035 SNPs; the waist-to-hip ratio dataset includes 224 459 samples and 2 562 516 SNPs; the waist circumference and hip circumference dataset includes 462 166 samples and 9 851 867 SNPs; the fasting glucose dataset includes approximately 12 million SNPs; the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) dataset includes 201 678 samples and 12 321 875 SNPs; the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides dataset includes 156 109 samples and 15 784 414 SNPs; and the body fat percentage, whole-body fat mass, trunk fat percentage, and trunk fat mass dataset includes 454 588 samples and 9 851 867 SNPs. This study primarily used inverse-variance weighted method to analyze the associations between various exposure factors and outcomes. Heterogeneity among SNPs was assessed using Cochran′s Q test, and horizontal pleiotropy of SNPs was examined using the MR-Egger method. Additionally, a multivariable MR approach was used to adjust for BMI, further validating associations between exposure factors and the risk of myocardial infarction. Results:Higher BMI ( OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.041-1.100), waist-to-hip ratio ( OR=1.366, 95% CI: 1.113-1.677), LDL-C ( OR=1.638, 95% CI: 1.488-1.803), triglycerides ( OR=1.445, 95% CI: 1.300-1.606), waist circumference ( OR=1.841, 95% CI: 1.650-2.055), hip circumference ( OR=1.247, 95% CI: 1.132-1.372), body fat percentage ( OR=1.795, 95% CI: 1.568-2.055), whole-body fat mass ( OR=1.519, 95% CI: 1.381-1.670), trunk fat percentage ( OR=1.538, 95% CI: 1.374-1.723), and trunk fat mass ( OR=1.421, 95% CI: 1.294-1.561), as well as lower HDL-C ( OR=0.799, 95% CI: 0.729-0.875), have causal effects on myocardial infarction (all P<0.05). After adjusting for BMI, hip circumference, trunk fat percentage, and trunk fat mass were no longer associated with myocardial infarction. However, waist-to-hip ratio ( OR=1.457, 95% CI: 1.132-1.877), fasting glucose ( OR=1.191, 95% CI: 1.024-1.383), glycated hemoglobin ( OR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.034-1.233), LDL-C ( OR=1.592, 95% CI: 1.314-1.929), triglycerides ( OR=1.410, 95% CI: 1.279-1.553), waist circumference ( OR=1.922, 95% CI: 1.448-2.551), body fat percentage ( OR=1.421, 95% CI: 1.072-1.884), and whole-body fat mass ( OR=1.295, 95% CI: 1.031-1.626) remained positively associated with myocardial infarction, while HDL-C ( OR=0.809, 95% CI: 0.729-0.897) remained negatively associated. Conclusions:Abdominal obesity and dysregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism are risk factors for myocardial infarction. Screening for glucose-lipid metabolism (fasting glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides) and obesity-related indicators (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and whole-body fat mass) is of great importance for the primary prevention of myocardial infarction.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic resection,laparoscopic resection and open resection in the treatment of gastric stromal tumor (GIST).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 254 GIST patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between January 2007 and June 2017 were collected.The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and laparoscopic or open wedge resection of GIST were performed according to the patients' conditions.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative recovery situations;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative adjuvant therapy and survival up to June 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Results (1) Surgical and postoperative recovery situations:of 254 patients,112 underwent ESD,including 111 with successful operation and 1 with intraoperative conversion to open surgery due to excessive bleeding-induced blurred operating view,93 underwent successful laparoscopic wedge resection of GIST and 49 underwent successful open wedge resection of GIST.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time for initial fluid diet intake,duration of hospital stay and hospital expenses were respectively (75±21) minutes,(6.9±0.5)mL,(2.8±0.9)days,(5.5 ± 0.2)days,(22 167±1 364) yuan in patients with ESD and (137±65) minutes,(48.1±2.6)mL,(3.9±1.4) days,(8.3 ± 2.2)days,(32 937±1 823) yuan in patients with laparoscopic operation and (168± 60) minutes,(157.2± 10.3) mL,(5.8± 1.7) days,(11.3 ± 3.5) days,(38 462± 1 961) yuan in patients with open operation.Two patients with ESD had subcutaneous emphysema and didn't receive special treatment,and then emphysema disappeared after 2 days.No complication was detected in patients with laparoscopic or open operations.(2) Postoperative pathological examination:tumor diameter in patients with ESD,laparoscopic operation and open operation was respectively (2.6± 1.6)cm,(6.1 ±2.2)cm and (6.4±2.3) cm.The cases with positive CD117,discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1),CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were 106,105,86,17 with ESD and 89,87,59,11 with laparoscopic operation and 46,47,30,8 with open operation,respectively.The extremely low risk,low risk,medium risk and high risk were respectively detected in 67,42,3,0 patients with ESD and 16,36,23,18 patients with laparoscopic operation and 7,20,14,8 in patients with open operation.(3) Follow-up and survival situations:210 of 254 patients were followed up for 6.0-120.0 months,with an average time of 36.0 months,including 86 with ESD,82 with laparoscopic operation and 42 with open operation.During the follow-up,of patients with ESD,3 patients with medium risk respectively received imatinib therapy for 7.0 months,1.5 years and 2.0 years,and postoperative gastroscopy reexaminations every 6 months,without tumor recurrence;81 with extremely low risk and low risk received postoperative gastroscopy reexaminations every 6 months and didn't receive targeted therapy,without tumor recurrence;2 died of non-stromal tumor.The postoperative average survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 56.3 months,98.8％ (81/82),91.5％ (75/82),74.4％ (61/82) in patients with laparoscopic surgery and 52.4 months,97.6％ (41/42),85.7％ (36/42),81.0％ (34/42) in patients with open surgery.Conclusions According to patients' conditions,endoscopic resection,laparoscopic resection and open resection are safe and feasible in the treatment of GIST.Endoscopic resection of GIST should be selectively applied to patients with smaller diameter,with advantages of lower hospitalization expenses and better long-term prognosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between MRI signal intensity in pallidum and levels of total bilirubin in neonatal hy-perbilirubinemia. Methods From July, 2014 to October, 2015, sixty neonates were divided into three groups according to the levels of total serum bilirubin (TSB), that were group I (TSB 17.1~34.2μmol/L, n=16), group II (TSB>34.2~340μmol/L, n=34), and group III (TSB>340μmol/L, n=10). They were screened with 3.0 T MRI, and the T1WI signal intensity of bilateral pallidum was measured. Results The bi-lateral signal intensity was higher in group III than in group II and group I. There was positive correlation between signal intensity and TSB levels. Conclusion The MRI signal intensity in pallidum may help for diagnosis of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy.

Objective To explore the combination of lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxiltreatment in HBeAg positive patients with inappropriate timing of decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods Make a retrospective analysis of HBeAg positive patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis of the liver our hospital in 2014 January ~2015 January were,100 cases of initial treatment, 50 patients given lamivudine plus adefovir dipivoxil resistance as control group,50 cases patients given lamivudine plus adefovir dipivoxil combined as the observation group, compared two groups of clinical curative effect of treatment.Results Observation group after treatment in patients with HBeAgseroconversion rate of 26.00% was significantly higher than that in control group 4.00% (P<0.05);after 12 weeks of treatment in the observation group (9.63 ±1.42), 24 weeks(8.57 ±1.45), 48 weeks(7.43 ±1.57) Child-Pugh grading score was significantly lower than the control group(9.74 ±1.21),(9.45 ±1.33)(8.57 ±1.04)(P <0.05); level of HBV-DNA after treatment in the observation group (2.23 ±1.25) was significantly lower than that of the control group(5.18 ± 1.63), and the Patients in the observation group (2.23 ±1.25)HBV-DNA load in serum was significantly lower than that before treatment(6.47 ± 1.55)(P<0.05).Conclusion patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis with combination of lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil treatment, the clinical efficacy is more significant, HBeAg seroconversion rate is increased , the score of Child-Pugh become low and improve liver reserve function, reduce HBV-DNA load in serum.