Sishen Pills and its separated prescriptions are classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine to treat intestinal diseases. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) technology was used to identify the components of Sishen Pills, Ershen Pills, and Wuweizi Powder. The positive and negative ion sources of electrospray ionization were simultaneously collected by mass spectrometry. A total of 11 effective components were detected in Sishen Pills, with four effective components detected in Ershen Pills and eight effective components detected in Wuweizi Powder, respectively. To explore the effects of Sishen Pills and its separated prescriptions on the human intestinal flora, an in vitro anaerobic fermentation model was established, and the human intestinal flora was incubated with Sishen Pills, Ershen Pills, and Wuweizi Powder in vitro. The 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes in the intestinal flora. The results showed that compared with the control group, Sishen Pills, and its separated prescriptions could decrease the intestinal flora abundance and increase the Shannon index after fermentation. The abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased in the Sishen Pills and Ershen Pills groups. However, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Pediococcus was significantly increased in the Wuweizi Powder group. After fermentation for 12 h, the pH of the fermentation solution of three kinds of liquids with feces gradually decreased and was lower than that of the control group. The decreasing amplitude in the Wuweizi Powder group was the most obvious. The single-bacteria fermentation experiments further confirmed that Sishen Pills and Wuweizi Powder had inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the antibacterial activity of Wuweizi Powder was stronger than that of Sishen Pills. Both Sishen Pills and Ershen Pills could promote the growth of Lactobacillus brevis, and Ershen Pills could promote the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. This study provided a more sufficient theoretical basis for the clinical application of Sishen Pills and its separated prescriptions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Fermentation/drug effects* ; Bacteria/drug effects* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Intestines/microbiology*

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective To evaluate the short-term outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)involving segmental renal vein invasion,and to summarize relevant diagnostic experience and surgical techniques.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinicopathological data of 23 RCC patients who were found to have segmental renal vein invasion during RAPN at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center during 2022 and 2024.All procedures were performed by the same experienced urologic surgeon(＞1000 robotic cases).Preoperative computed tomography(CT)scans of all patients failed to reveal segmental renal vein invasion.Two experienced radiologists re-evaluated the imaging postoperatively.The clinical and pathological data of patients were analyzed to preliminarily explore the short-term efficacy,imaging,intraoperative findings and pathological characteristics.Results All surgeries were completed successfully via the transperitoneal approach with renal preservation.The median operation time was 151.0(125.5,182.0)min,and median blood loss was 180.0(100.0,300.0)mL;2 patients(8.7％)required intraoperative transfusion;3(13.0％)experienced postoperative complications,all of which were minor(Clavien-Dindo grade 1-2).Postoperative pathology confirmed venous invasion in 2 patients.The diagnostic rates of segmental renal vein invasion by the two radiologists were 47.8％(11/23)and 21.7％(5/23),respectively,with concordance in only 3 cases.During a mean follow-up of 9.1 months,1 patient developed iliac lymph node metastasis without local recurrence 12.4 months after surgery.After reoperation to remove the metastatic focus,the patient was treated with Axitinib combined with Toripalimab and has survived to date.The remaining patients were followed up for an average of 8.9 months,with no recurrence or metastasis observed.Conclusion Preoperative detection of segmental renal vein invasion in RCC is challenging,and pathological confirmation is often inconsistent with intraoperative findings.For RCC patients with intraoperatively identified segmental renal vein invasion,RAPN performed by experienced surgeons is feasible and safe on the premise of ensuring complete tumor resection,with favorable short-term oncologic outcomes.Long-term results require further follow-up.

Objective To evaluate the short-term outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)involving segmental renal vein invasion,and to summarize relevant diagnostic experience and surgical techniques.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinicopathological data of 23 RCC patients who were found to have segmental renal vein invasion during RAPN at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center during 2022 and 2024.All procedures were performed by the same experienced urologic surgeon(＞1000 robotic cases).Preoperative computed tomography(CT)scans of all patients failed to reveal segmental renal vein invasion.Two experienced radiologists re-evaluated the imaging postoperatively.The clinical and pathological data of patients were analyzed to preliminarily explore the short-term efficacy,imaging,intraoperative findings and pathological characteristics.Results All surgeries were completed successfully via the transperitoneal approach with renal preservation.The median operation time was 151.0(125.5,182.0)min,and median blood loss was 180.0(100.0,300.0)mL;2 patients(8.7％)required intraoperative transfusion;3(13.0％)experienced postoperative complications,all of which were minor(Clavien-Dindo grade 1-2).Postoperative pathology confirmed venous invasion in 2 patients.The diagnostic rates of segmental renal vein invasion by the two radiologists were 47.8％(11/23)and 21.7％(5/23),respectively,with concordance in only 3 cases.During a mean follow-up of 9.1 months,1 patient developed iliac lymph node metastasis without local recurrence 12.4 months after surgery.After reoperation to remove the metastatic focus,the patient was treated with Axitinib combined with Toripalimab and has survived to date.The remaining patients were followed up for an average of 8.9 months,with no recurrence or metastasis observed.Conclusion Preoperative detection of segmental renal vein invasion in RCC is challenging,and pathological confirmation is often inconsistent with intraoperative findings.For RCC patients with intraoperatively identified segmental renal vein invasion,RAPN performed by experienced surgeons is feasible and safe on the premise of ensuring complete tumor resection,with favorable short-term oncologic outcomes.Long-term results require further follow-up.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective The aims of this study were to identify tick species infesting police dogs and explore their phylogenetic relationships. Methods Ticks were collected from a police dog base in Hunan Province and their diagnostic morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships were investigated using PCR targeting the 16S rDNA, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1(cox1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit V(nad5)genes. Results Adult ticks were oval shaped with a broad and short hexagonal basis capitulum. The females had a scutum occupying the first 1/3 of the body, a U-shaped genital groove, and a comma-shaped stigmal plate, and their coxae II to IV each had short and coarse outer spurs that gradually decreased in size according to the segmental order. Males had an elongated scutum, a comma-shaped stigmal plate, and a subtriangular adanal plate. The product sizes of the amplified 16S rDNA, cox1, and nad5 gene sequences from the ticks in this study were approximately 405,772, and 262 bp, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on these sequences showed that this tick species clustered with Rhipicephalus sanguineus of other tropical lineages. Conclusions The tick species collected from police dogs in China is Rh. sanguineus, which belongs to the tropical lineage.

As an important part of the enteric nervous system(ENS),enteric glial cells(EGCs)play an important role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and maintaining intestinal health in hu-mans and animals.This review focuses on the role of EGCs in maintaining intestinal barrier homeo-stasis,maintaining gastrointestinal transit and motor function,regulating the niche of intestinal cells,and the role in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases,hoping to provide new ideas for further research on the function and mechanism of EGCs in the intestine and the occur-rence,development and treatment of related intestinal diseases.