Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent prenatal neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by a group of permanent movement and postural syndromes resulting from early-stage brain injury. While prevalence varies globally (1.5 to 3.4 per 1,000 live births), the incidence in Mongolia is recorded at 1.89 per 1,000 live births. Although approximately one-third of children with CP are non-ambulatory, those classified within GMFCS Levels I, II, and III retain the ability to walk independently or with assistive devices. Quantitative gait analysis is essential for understanding motor impairments, optimizing treatment planning, and improving clinical prognosis. Aim: To determine the biomechanical characteristics of “Jump gait” in children with cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: The study included 14 children aged 8–15 diagnosed with CP (GMFCS Level I) and a control group of 14 age-matched healthy children. Anthropometric data (age, sex, weight, height) were collected. Lower limb kinematics and kinetics were measured using a 3D optical motion capture system and force plates. Reflective markers were placed on specific anatomical landmarks to record gait cycles. Results: Comparative kinematic analysis revealed no significant difference in hip joint range of motion (ROM) between the CP and control groups. However, children with CP exhibited a significant reduction in knee ROM, specifically an inability to achieve full knee extension during the gait cycle. Regarding ankle kinematics, children with CP showed negative values (plantarflexion) during the initial heel strike phase, indicating a “Toe-walking” pattern. Statistical significance was observed in ankle ROM across all phases of the gait cycle. No statistically significant difference was found in the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) during the initial contact phase between the two groups. Conclusion The “Jump gait” pattern in children with CP is primarily characterized by restricted knee extension and excessive ankle plantarflexion rather than hip joint dysfunction. Quantifying these biomechanical deviations provides critical data for optimizing personalized rehabilitation and clinical interventions.

BACKGROUND Bovine colostrums is the milk secreted by cows during the first few days after parturition. It contains many essential nutrients and bioactive components, including growth factors, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and cytokines ets. Lactoferrin has been reported for its multifunctional properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral antioxidant and anticancer activities. The aims of this study focused on the isolation and purification of lactoferrin from Mongolian bovine colostrums. Lactoferrin purified using HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography. Lactoferrin purification efficiency was about 60.5%. The single band of purified lactoferrin has been observed in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. METHODS Bovine colostrum was collected at a cow farm in the Darkhan province of Mongolia. At first the cream was separated by centrifugation (10000 xg 20 min at 4oC). In order to separate the whey, the samples were precipitated with 1mol/l to pH 4.6 and centrifuged at 10000 g 20 min again. The samples of whey were stored at -18oC to the analysis. Lactoferrin was purified by HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography using 0.005 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.7) and linear gradient NaCl from 0.25M, 0.5M, 1M. During chromatography, protein in the eluents was monitored by ultraviolet absorbation at 280 nm with the instrument. Purity test done by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturated condition (SDS-PAGE) method by Laemmli (1970). For HPLC determination of the lactoferrin by Shimadzu Nexera X2 HPLC system with UV/ VIS detector were used. Detection was carried out at the wavelength 280 nm. Separation was performed on a chromatographic column Protein R C18 ,2.2 x 150 mm, 5 μm particle size. Linear gradient and flow rate 0.2 ml/min were used. Mobile phase a consisted of water / acetonitrile/ trifluoroacetic acid ( 95:5:0.1). The column temperature was set at 40oC and injection volume was 10 μl. Data were collected and evaluated by software Lab Solution. An external standard method for quantification analytes was used. RESULTS Purified lactoferrin in the present study had a good concentration and purification efficiency was about 60.5 %. Protein fraction from 1M NaCl gradient delivers sharp and clean peak to HPLC chromatogram that fits intensity and retention time of standard bovine lactoferrin. Ammount of lactoferrin in bovine colostrums was 0.6 mg/ml and it`s molecular weight 80 kDa as a standard sample. The retention time of lactoferrin fraction which is purified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The peak of fraction same compared to the standard lactoferrin 5.8 minutes by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION Ion exchange chromatography shows reliable and easy isolation of lactoferrin from Mongol bovine colostrum.