Objective:To construct bacterial cytoplasmic membrane nanovesicles(BMV)with overexpressing programmed death 1(PD-1),denoted as BMV-PD-1 and evaluate the targeting efficacy of BMV-PD-1 towards transplanted lung tumor tissues in mice.Methods:The fusion plasmid ClyA-PD-1-EGFP fused by PD-1 and Cytolysin A(ClyA)was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21-Codonplus through plasmid transformation.Laser confocal microscopy,SDS-PAGE,and WB were used to detect the expression of the fusion protein ClyA-PD-1-EGFP.Bacterial membranes were extracted and processed with an extruder to generate BMV-PD-1.TEM and NTA were utilized to assess the morphology,size distribution,and zeta potential of BMV-PD-1,while WB was used to verify the presence of PD-1 protein.Laser confocal imaging was conducted to monitor the uptake of BMV-PD-1 by Lewis lung cancer cells.A C57BL/6J mouse subcutaneous transplant tumor model of LLC lung cancer cells was constructed,and the tumor targeting of BMV-PD-1 was evaluated by small animal imaging system.Results:Laser confocal microscopy images demonstrated that the plasmid ClyA-PD-1-EGFP was transferred into BL21-Codonplus and successfully expressed into protein.SDS-PAGE results suggested that ClyA-PD-1-EGFP was overexpressed in BL21-Codonplus.WB analysis indicated that PD-1 was expressed in bacteria and highly expressed in BMV-PD-1(P<0.001).NTA and TEM analyses revealed that BMV-PD-1 were spherical vesicles with a diameter of(145±14)nm and a negative surface charge.Laser confocal imaging showed that the high expression of PD-1 significantly increased the uptake of BMV-PD-1 by lung cancer cells(P<0.01).In vivo imaging of small animals further confirmed that the high expression of PD-1 can effectively improve cancer targeting of BMV-PD-1(P<0.01).Conclusion:In this study,bacterial plasma membrane nanovesicles BMV-PD-1 with high PD-1 expression are successfully constructed,and it is found that PD-1 overexpression markedly improve the mouse lung cancer xenograft tissue targeting specificity of BMV-PD-1,laying the groundwork for further development of BMV-PD-1 as a carrier for targeted drug delivery systems in tumors.

Objective:To review the mechanism of the effects of aviation flight on pregnant women and to summarize the diseases and suggestions that obstetricians should pay attention to for the pregnant women with flight plan.Literature resource and selection:Relevant literature on the subject of impact of aviation flight on pregnant women published in China and abroad.Literature quotation:Thirty-four references were cited.Literature synthesis:Aviation flight exposes the people on board into decreased oxygen partial pressure, humidity, air pressure and increased amount of radiation environment. And those would bring some physiological changes to the pregnant women in flight. However, these changes have little impact on the pregnant women who occasionally take airplane and have no obstetrical or other medical complications besides some discomfort. For the passengers or crew members, who frequently take airplanes, aviation flight can increase the incidence of spontaneous abortions or missed abortions. The long duration flight also increases the risk of deep venous thrombosis in pregnant women. It is recommended that pregnant women would go to the hospital to check whether they are suffering from related diseases that are not suitable for flight before they make flight plan. For the pregnant women who plan to fly for more than 4 h, it is recommended to use gradient elastic compression stockings to prevent venous thrombosis.Conclusions:Although the flight brings certain influences on pregnant women, but the understandings of influential mechanism and risk factors, as well as the proactive prevention would help them to overcome the influences and to relieve the tension in flight.

Objective:To review the mechanism of the effects of aviation flight on pregnant women and to summarize the diseases and suggestions that obstetricians should pay attention to for the pregnant women with flight plan.Literature resource and selection:Relevant literature on the subject of impact of aviation flight on pregnant women published in China and abroad.Literature quotation:Thirty-four references were cited.Literature synthesis:Aviation flight exposes the people on board into decreased oxygen partial pressure, humidity, air pressure and increased amount of radiation environment. And those would bring some physiological changes to the pregnant women in flight. However, these changes have little impact on the pregnant women who occasionally take airplane and have no obstetrical or other medical complications besides some discomfort. For the passengers or crew members, who frequently take airplanes, aviation flight can increase the incidence of spontaneous abortions or missed abortions. The long duration flight also increases the risk of deep venous thrombosis in pregnant women. It is recommended that pregnant women would go to the hospital to check whether they are suffering from related diseases that are not suitable for flight before they make flight plan. For the pregnant women who plan to fly for more than 4 h, it is recommended to use gradient elastic compression stockings to prevent venous thrombosis.Conclusions:Although the flight brings certain influences on pregnant women, but the understandings of influential mechanism and risk factors, as well as the proactive prevention would help them to overcome the influences and to relieve the tension in flight.

Objective To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in placenta tissue of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP).Methods One hundred and one placentas with preeclampsia (including 51 mild preeclampsia and 50 severe preeclampsia respectively served as low-grade group and high-grade group) and 62 placentas of normal late pregnant women(served as control group) were analyzed for the expressions of Cnspase-3 and Bcl-2 using immunohistochemistry assay(streptavidin-biotin peroyxidase method).Results The positive expression ratio of Bcl-2 was 66% in high-grade group,75% in low-grade group and 84% in control group.There was no significant difference among the three groups (P＞0.05 ).The positive expression rates of Caspase-3 in high-grade group (64%) and low-grade group (53%)were significantly higher than that in control group (23%)(P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference between high-grade group and low-grade group (P ＞ 0.05).Negative relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 could be found with statistical significance (r=-0.199,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Higher expression of Caspose-3 maybe play an important role in the pathogenesis of HDCP.The role of Bcl-2 in HDCP needs to be studied.