Anterior cruciate ligament injury is one of the most common injuries of knee joint. Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament is the most commonly performed procedure. A variety type of fixation techniques are being used nowadays, such as interference screw, cortical suspension fixation and transfix, all of which can achieve good effect, with both advantages and disadvantages. However, the healing of reconstructed grafts is a complicated and long-term process, which can be affected by many factors. The mechanical properties of the grafts are also changed greatly in all stages of healing process, adding variables for the post-operative rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the surgical method and clinical outcome of modified osteotomy of olecranon for the treatment of inter-condylar fracture of humerus.

METHODSFrom May 2007 to December 2012, 32 patients of intercondylar fracture of humerus were treated surgically through the approach of modified osteotomy of olecranon. The patients were 21 males and 11 females with a mean age of 46.3 years (ranged 18 to 65 years). Nineteen fractures occurred on the right extremity and 13 on the left extremity. According to the AO classification, type C1 fracture was found in 7, C2 in 11 and C3 in 14. Five patients suffered from open fracture (Gustilo type Iin 3, type II in 2). Other fractures occurred in 6 patients and the primary injury of nerve occurred 6. The healing of the osteotomy was evaluated with physical examination and plain X-ray film, and the function of elbow was assessed according to Cassebaum scale.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed from 9 months to 5 years(average, 1.9 years). All the osteotomies healed at 7.4 weeks averagely after operation, and no nonunion, delayed union, fracture of ulna olecranon were found. Two cases had little pain on the elbow, heterotopic ossification occurred in 2 cases and cutting bone block loosed in 1 case. The function of the elbow showed excellent in 19 cases, good in 8, fair in 4 and poor in 1.

CONCLUSIONSThe use of the approach of modified olecranon osteotomy for surgical management of intercondylar fracture of humerus has some advantages, it provides satisfactory stability with simple technical procedures avoiding inter-articular invasion, and it facilitates rehabilitation exercises and providing good results with low complication rates.

To study the effects of different variable temperature drying modes on active components of roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba, and provide basis for its industrialized drying process. In order to ensure the content of active components, variable temperature drying modes were designed: low temperature at 30 ℃ and high temperature at 60 ℃, low temperature at 30 ℃ and high temperature at 70 ℃, low temperature at 30 ℃ and high temperature at 80 ℃, low temperature at 40 ℃ and high temperature at 60 ℃, low temperature at 40 ℃ and high temperature at 70 ℃, low temperature at 40 ℃ and high temperature at 80 ℃ and air dry oven was used for variable temperature drying process. Then HPLC method was used to determine the changes of active components in roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba under different temperature modes; and SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the samples, which were first dried at 40 ℃ for six hours and then dried at 80 ℃ for three hours, had the highest contents in dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinone ⅡA as compared with other kinds of drying methods, and the contents were 0.35, 2.76, 0.78, 4.47 mg•g⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, as compared with samples dried in the shade, the contents of dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone Ⅰ were increased 2.9% (P>0.05), 45.3% (P<0.05) and 34.5% (P<0.05), respectively; however, the content of tanshinone ⅡA was decreased by 44.1% (P<0.05). The water-soluble active components (rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B) of roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba, had the highest contents when the samples were first dried at 30 ℃ for six hours and then 70 ℃ for three hours, and the contents were 3.83,55.44 mg•g⁻¹, increased by 62.3% (P<0.05) and 109.1% (P<0.05) respectively as compared with the samples dried in the shade. Variable temperature drying can significantly affect the contents of active components in roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba. As compared with the traditional process of shade-drying process, low temperature drying can significantly increase the content of water-soluble active components and also with significant promotion effect on the liposoluble components such as tanshinone ⅡA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone Ⅰ. The variable temperature drying mode, can effectively shorten the process of drying and provide theoretical basis for industrial processing of roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba.

Registration of Chinese patent medicine in European Union (EU) is of great significance to the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine as EU market acts as an important position in the global botanical market. In retrospect, the domestic studies on EU regulations of traditional herbal medicinal products have been conducted for more than 10 years, but there is still some cognitive bias and lack of research. In this paper, a review of the relevant research progress and the main misunderstanding problems about Directive 2004/24/EC, like the centralized and decentralized supervision system of traditional herbal medicinal products in the EU, marketing authorization procedures for traditional herbal medicinal products, Community Herbal Monograph and List Entries, would be systematically analyzed, so as to provide reference for the registration of Chinese patent medicine in EU.

OBJECTIVETo detect potential mutation of MLC1 gene in a child affected with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC).

METHODSClinical symptoms of the patient were retrieved. Peripheral blood DNA samples from the patient, her parents and healthy controls were collected. Potential mutation of the MLC1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing.

RESULTSThe patient presented with severe motor developmental delay and a giant skull. Magnetic resonance scan showed diffuse white matter swelling in bilateral hemispheres. DNA sequencing identified a novel homozygous c.177-c.180delC mutation of the MLC1 gene. The parents of the patient both carried a heterozygous mutation c.177-c.180delC but had a normal phenotype.

CONCLUSIONA novel MLC1 mutation c.177-c.180delC has been identified in a patient with MLC. The mutation is presumably disease-causing and has derived from parents who are both carriers.

Child, Preschool ; Cysts ; genetics ; Female ; Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases ; genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation

To investigate the effects of Danshensu on bone formation in ovariectomized rats.Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rats in each:blank control group, model control group and Danshensu group. The osteoporosis model was induced by bilateral ovariectomy and rats in Danshensu group were fed with Danshensu 12.5 mg·kg·dby gavage after ostroporosis model induced. All animals were sacrificed after 90 days. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, femur and lumbar vertebra was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The biomechanical properties of femur were measured by AG-IS mechanical universal testing machine. Serum osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphates (BALP) levels were measured by ELISA. The number of osteoblasts of proximal femoral metaphysis was counted with light microscopy after HE staining.Compared with blank control group, BMD, biomechanical properties of femur, serum osteocalcin and BALP levels and the number of osteoblasts were decreased in model control group (<0.05 or<0.01). While compared with model control group, BMDs of the whole body, femur and lumbar vertebra, the elastic modulus, maximum load, yield strength, breaking point load of femur, the serum levels of osteocalcin and BALP, and the number of osteoblasts were significantly improved in Danshensu group (<0.05 or<0.01).Danshensu can improve bone quality by increasing bone density, improving biomechanical properties, promoting the expression of osteogenesis-related factors, and increasing the number of osteoblasts.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; drug effects ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Cell Count ; Female ; Femur ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lactates ; pharmacology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; drug effects ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; drug effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

ObjectiveTo study the possible pathogenesis of infertility caused by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and investigate the effects of Yishen Shengjing Capsules (YSC, kidney-tonifying and essence-producing capsules) on DBP-induced reproductive function injury and its possible action mechanisms in male Wistar rats.

METHODSModels of DBP-induced reproductive function injury were made in 80 male Wistar rats and another 20 were used as blank controls. After modeling, the model rats were randomly divided into a model control, a high-dose YSC, a medium-dose YSC, and a low-dose YSC group. Four weeks after intervention, all the animals were sacrified for observation of the histomorphologic changes in the testis under the light microscope, measurement of sperm concentration, motility and abnormality, and determination of the levels of serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSCompared with the blank controls, the model rats showed obvious pathological changes in testicular histomorphology, significantly decreased sperm concentration and motility, increased sperm abnormality, reduced contents of serum T and LH, and elevated the level of serum FSH (P<0.01). After 4 weeks of medication, the animals of the high-, medium-, and low-dose YSC groups, in comparison with the model controls, exhibited different degrees of recovery from testicular histomorphological damage, remarkably increased sperm concentration and motility, decreased sperm abnormality, elevated levels of serum T and LH, and reduced content of serum FSH (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in all the parameters above between the high-dose YSC and medium- and low-dose YSC groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDBP reduces sperm motility and concentration, increases sperm abnormality, causes damage to the morphological structure of the rat testis, decreases the contents of serum T and LH, and elevates the level of the serum FSH. Yishen Shengjing Capsules can improve DBP-induced productive function injury, increase sperm motility and concentration, decrease sperm abnormality, elevate the level of serum T and LH, reduce the content of serum FSH, improve the morphological structure of the testis, and thus promote the reproductive function of the male rat.

We wished to study the intracellular transport of adenoviruses. We constructed a novel recombinant adenovirus in which the structural protein IX was labeled with a mini-singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG). The miniSOG gene was synthesized by overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned to the pcDNA3 vector, and expressed in 293 cells. Activation of miniSOG generated sufficient numbers of singlet oxygen molecules to catalyze polymerization of diaminobenzidine into an osmiophilic reaction product resolvable by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To construct miniSOG-labelled recombinant adenoviruses, the miniSOG gene was subcloned downstream of the IX gene in a pShuttle plasmid. Adenoviral plasmid pAd5-IXSOG was generated by homologous recombination of the modified shuttle plasmid (pShuttle-IXSOG) with the backbone plasmid (pAdeasy-1) in the BJ5183 strain of Eschericia coli. Adenovirus HAdV-5-IXSOG was rescued by transfection of 293 cells with the linearized pAd5-IXSOG. After propagation, virions were purified using the CsC1 ultracentrifugation method. Finally, HAdV-5-IXSOG in 2.0 mL with a particle titer of 6 x 1011 vp/mL was obtained. Morphology of HAdV-5-IXSOG was verified by TEM. Fusion of IX with the miniSOG gene was confirmed by PCR. In conclusion, miniSOG-labeled recombinant adenoviruses were constructed, which could be valuable tools for virus tracking by TEM.
Adenoviruses, Human ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Flavoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phototropins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Singlet Oxygen ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early clinical effects of arthroscopic treatment for cruciate ligament cysts of the knee.

METHODSFrom September 2008 to January 2014, 23 patients with cruciate cysts were treated with arthroscopic surgery. There were 11 males and 17 females, with an average age of 28.3 years old (ranged, 16 to 56 years old). Twenty patients had injuries on the right knee and 8 patients had injuries on the left knee. Eight patients had a history of injury,5 patients had a history of chronic injury,and the other 15 patients had no obvious reasons for the symptom. Before the operation, 24 patients were clearly diagnosed as the cruciate ligament cysts of knee joint,and 4 patients were diagnosed as other problems of the knee, but the diagnosis were corrected after the operation. According to the MRI before the surgery,all the patients could be divided into 3 types: 14 were type I, 6 were type II, 8 were type III. After the operation, the patients were suggested to have a rest for 2 weeks, and take exercises everyday at the same time. The knee range of motion, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 2000 subjective score, GLASGOW criteria, and McMurray test, pivot shift test, and anterior drawer test were observed to evaluate clinical results.

RESULTSAll the incisions healed at the first stage without complications. Twenty-five patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 52 months, with a mean of 26.7 months. Three patients accepted the reconstruction of ACL or tightened elongated ACL using bipolar radio frequency. The Lysholm score increased from preoperative 59.80 +/- 6.58 to 75.32 +/- 6.49 at the latest follow-up; IKDC 2000 score increased from preoperative 65.36 +/- 6.26 to 81.00 +/- 5.76 at the latest follow-up. According to GLASGOW criteria,23 patients got an excellent result and 2 good.

CONCLUSIONIt has a satisfactory curative effect on ACL reconstruction using bipolar radio frequency. It has advantages of firm fixation, simple and secure operation as well as quick postoperative recovery. It's very important to check the MRI before operations, and carefully seek the cysts during the operations, avoiding the omission of any cysts,especially the cases of multiple cysts. Finally, patients should take exercises actively after operations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Arthroscopy ; Cysts ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDTo compare the clinicopathological features and prognosis between younger and aged patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSWe analyzed the outcome of 451 HCC patients underwent liver resection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation, respectively. Then risk factors for aged and younger patients' survival were evaluated by multivariate analysis, respectively.

RESULTSThe patients who were older than 55 years old were defined as the older group. The overall survival for aged patients was significantly worse than those younger patients. The younger patients had similar liver functional reserve but more aggressive tumor factors than aged patients. Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Wald χ2 = 3.963, P = 0.047, hazard ratio [HR] =1.453, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006-2.098), lower albumin (Wald χ2 = 12.213, P < 0.001, HR = 1.982, 95% CI: 1.351-2.910), tumor size (Wald χ2 = 8.179, P = 0.004, HR = 1.841, 95% CI: 1.212-2.797), and higher alpha-fetoprotein level (Wald χ2 = 4.044, P = 0.044, HR = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.010-2.126) were independent prognostic factors for aged patients, while only elevated levels of AST (Wald χ2 = 14.491, P < 0.001, HR = 2.285, 95% CI: 1.493-3.496) and tumor size (Wald χ2 = 21.662, P < 0.001, HR = 2.928, 95% CI: 1.863-4.604) were independent prognostic factors for younger patients.

CONCLUSIONSAge is a risk factor to determine the prognosis of patients with HCC. Aged patients who have good liver functional reserve are still encouraged to receive curative therapy.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult