OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of component content with colorimetric values during the roasting process of Ziziphus jujuba ， and to provide criteria for discriminating the roasting degree of Z. jujuba . METHODS Samples were prepared by dry stir-frying for different roasting times. The eight main components in raw Z. jujuba and the samples stir-fried for different roasting times-namely adenosine， magnoflorine， jujuboside A， spinosin， 6-feruloylspinosin， betulinic acid， oleic acid， and linoleic acid-were quantitativel y analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The chromaticity values were determined using a UV spectrophotometer. The correlation and differences between the chromaticity values of Z. jujuba at different roasting times and their components content were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis， linear regression analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） ， cluster heatmap analysis （CHA）， and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） to clarify the processing endpoint. RESULTS As the roasting time increased， the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid decreased， while the contents of other components exhibited an increasing trend. Concurrently， the colorimetric value L* and E*ab were observed to decline， whereas the a* value demonstrated a gradual increase. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that L* and E*ab exhibited a significant negative correlation with the contents of adenosine， spinosin， 6-feruloylspinosin， jujuboside A， betulinic acid and magnoflorine （ P ＜0.05）. The results of linear regression analysis indicate that the content of six components, including adenosine， in the medicinal material can be preliminarily predicted by analyzing the colorimetric values of Z. jujuba powder. PCA and CHA successfully classified raw and stir-fried samples. The PLS-DA results indicated that L*， E*ab， a*， linoleic acid content， and oleic acid content were the main parameters that differentiated the color and quality of Z. jujuba at different roasting times. After frying for 9 to 10 minutes， the colorimetric values L* and E*ab decreased to their minimum values and stabilized， while a* remained consistently high with little variation；simultaneously， the concentrations of the six major components， excluding linoleic acid and oleic acid， reached their peak levels. CONCLUSIONS A significant correlation between the colorimetric values of Z. jujuba and the contents of six components， including adenosine， is confirmed. The optimal roasting time range is determined to be 9-10 minutes. Furthermore， the colorimetric value-component content correlation analysis method established in this study proved to be practical and applicable for discriminating the roasting degree of Z. jujuba .

OBJECTIVE To develop the norms for the construction and acceptance of smart traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pharmacy， and to provide guidance for the construction and acceptance of smart TCM pharmacy in medical institutions at all levels. METHODS In April 2023， a drafting group was established to publicly solicit opinions through websites， meetings， and other means. Research was conducted through methods such as demand research， field visits， literature review， and expert interviews. Combined with the experience of TCM pharmacy construction in various medical institutions， the main content and requirements of smart TCM pharmacy construction， as well as the preparation of various acceptance indicators， were completed in December 2023. RESULTS The construction and acceptance standards for smart TCM pharmacy in Anhui Province were completed. On February 11， 2024， the Anhui Provincial Administration for Market Regulation approved the release and implementation of the local standards for the Construction and Acceptance of Smart TCM Pharmacy （DB34/T4700-2024）. CONCLUSIONS The formulated standards are applicable to the construction and acceptance of smart TCM pharmacy in various medical institutions， provide a basis for medical institutions to carry out standardized construction and acceptance of smart TCM pharmacy， thus promoting the service capabilities of TCM pharmacy of medical institutions in Anhui Province.

Audiovisual integration is a vital information process involved in cognition and is closely correlated with aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we evaluated the altered audiovisual integrative behavioral symptoms in AD. We further analyzed the relationships between AD pathologies and audiovisual integration alterations bidirectionally and suggested the possible mechanisms of audiovisual integration alterations underlying AD, including the imbalance between energy demand and supply, activity-dependent degeneration, disrupted brain networks, and cognitive resource overloading. Then, based on the clinical characteristics including electrophysiological and imaging data related to audiovisual integration, we emphasized the value of audiovisual integration alterations as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and progression of AD. We also highlighted that treatments targeted audiovisual integration contributed to widespread pathological improvements in AD animal models and cognitive improvements in AD patients. Moreover, investigation into audiovisual integration alterations in AD also provided new insights and comprehension about sensory information processes.
Animals ; Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology* ; Brain/pathology* ; Aging/physiology* ; Cognition

In order to improve students' ability of performing investigative study, promote practical teaching, optimize teaching philosophy and methods, we integrated the subject frontier dynamics and development achievements and knowledge into teaching content, the teaching exploration and practice of research experiment of experimental curriculum in - was performed. The experimental curriculum was used as starting point. Before experimental teaching, the learning of knowledge was completed by theoretical study and key self-study points. During experimental teaching, experimental report and analysis report were completed by group collaboration. After experimental teaching, the research experiment was reported, analyzed and summarized by group discussion and presentation. With innovate, flexible and diverse teaching forms to guide the students to experience the process of "asking questions→conducting experiment→observation→recording→analysis→conclusion→verification of assumptions-discussion→reports", the ability of independent thinking and active investigation was improved; teaching level and teaching effectiveness were promoted.

To design a warm-acupuncture teaching instrument to train and evaluate its manipulation. We refer to the principle and technical operation characteristics of traditional warm-acupuncture, as well as the mechanical design and single-chip microcomputer technology. The device is consisted of device noumenon, universal acupoints simulator, vibration reset system and circuit control system, including frame, platform framework, the swing framework, universal acupoints simulator, vibration reset outfit, operation time circuit, acupuncture sensation display, and vibration control circuit, etc. It can be used to train needle inserting with different angles and moxa rubbing and loading. It displays whether a needle point meets the location required. We determine whether the moxa group on a needle handle is easy to fall off through vibration test, and operation time is showed. The device can objectively help warm-acupuncture training and evaluation so as to promote its clinical standardization manipulation.

Objective To obtain the classification and characteristics of acupuncture manipulations by analyzing teacher's lifting-thrusting manipulation parameters derived from Germany-made Simi Motion 3D image analysis system using self-organizing feature map neural network (SOM). Method Thirty acupuncture teachers were selected for the study. Unilateral Quchi (LI11) was used as a point for acupuncture. A motion video of lifting-thrusting even reinforcing-reducing, reinforcing and reducing manipulations was made. The video was analyzed using Simi Motion 3D image analysis system to obtain original motion parameters at thumb tip tracking mark point. Teacher's manipulation classification parameters were analyzed using SOM. Result Acupuncture manipulation parameters showed nonnormal distribution with larger dispersion. Even reinforcing-reducing and reinforcing manipulations could be classified into four types and reducing manipulation, into five types. The characteristics of every type showed general concentration degree. Conclusion Acupuncture manipulation parameters overall showed the diversity characteristics of nonnormal distribution and are typical artificial control curve. They have the characteristic of lower concentration degree of neural network classification. Their classification is mainly based on curve shape and cycle length and related to the degree of difficulty of manipulation. This technique can be applied to the quantitative analysis of various manipulationsand the study of technical inheritance and provide reference for the standardization of acupuncture manipulation.

Electroacupuncture instruments as Chinese medicine treatment equipment clinically used most extensively play an important role in improving clinical effect of acupuncture treatment. Although the history of electroacupuncture instruments only has more than 60 years, the development of electroacupuncture equipment has experienced a very rich course. Especially in recentyears, the development of electroacupuncture instruments took on a new developing state. It is certain that thedevelopment of electroacupuncture instruments has entered a new era and the future developing speed and quality of electroacupuncture instruments will be significantly raised. By a review of the developing history of electroacupuncture equipmen, this article technically classifies electroacupuncture instruments and deeply analyzes some problems existent in the development of electroacupuncture instruments so as to propose more strict requirements for the future design of electroacupuncture instruments andsatisfy the demand of clinical acupuncture practice.

Studying the industry standard of electroacupuncture therapy device (YY 0780-2010), collaborating with the clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, in view of academy and safety, the comments and suggestions are proposed on the content of the standard. The standard describes manipulation norms, terms and definitions, dianjizhen and the output energy of single pulse, etc. It is expected that these comments and suggestions can be taken in consideration in the revision of industry standard or the development of national standard so as to improve the scientific level and feasibility of the technique standard of electroacupuncture therapy device.
Cooperative Behavior ; Electroacupuncture ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans

Retrieving literature and summarizing the experience in lecturing acupuncture and clinical practice, the authors analyzed the objective reasons of pain during the needle insertion. Three factors are considered, including needles, skin tissue of inserting site and technique of insertion. The teaching program was discussed on how to alleviate or avoid pain during the concrete manipulation. It is viewed that no matter in teaching program of acupuncture or clinical operation, for alleviating pain during needle insertion, the key points must be on the rapid insertion through skin surface and the coordination of the puncture hand and pressing hand.

The questionnaire was adopted so as to investigate the attitudes and recognition of the manufacture eneprises of TCM diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation equipment (DTRE) to the technical standards of, relevant products. It was found that the construction of the industrial standard and the national standard was lagged behind on TCM DTRE. Under the new situation, the enterprises are highly willing to participate in the development of the industrial, national and international standards and have a certain of understanding on the standard development. Nearly 80 % of enterprises believed that it was necessary to set up the relevant mirror organization for the development of industrial, national and international standard of TCM DITRE. In the future, the standard construction of TCM DTRE must face to the new situation. The constant increasing of the enterprises. and scientific research organizations in the standard construction must promote the development of TCM DTRE.
Equipment and Supplies, Hospital ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; instrumentation ; standards ; Rehabilitation ; instrumentation ; standards