Objective:To investigate the drug resistance of newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients in Shanghai and to provide reference value for clinical antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods:The peripheral venous blood plasma of 196 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from April to June 2023 was collected, HIV-1 RNA was extracted, the pol region was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for sequencing, the mutation sites and ART drug resistance were analyzed.Results:The plasma of 196 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients was amplified successfully in 162 cases (amplification success rate was 82.65%). The subtypes consisted of CRF07_BC(51.23%), CRF01_AE (27.78%), and others (6.79%), CRF55_01B (5.56%), B (3.70%), CRF01_AE/B (3.70%) and CRF08_BC (1.23%). The overall transmitted drug resistance rate was 7.41%, the protease inhibitors (PIs), non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) resistance rates were 3.09%, 3.70%, 0.00% and 0.62%, respectively. The proportion of NNRTIs-related mutation sites in B (66.67%) and CRF55_01B (88.89%) was higher than that in CRF07_BC (13.25%); the proportion of NNRTIs-related mutation sites in CRF55_01B (88.89%) was higher than that in CRF01_AE (22.22%) and other subtypes (18.18%), the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of PIs-related mutation sites in CRF01_AE/B was 21.71 times that of CRF07_BC[odds ratio ( OR)=21.71, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 3.36-140.27, P=0.001]. Conclusions:The transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients in Shanghai is at the moderate epidemic level, mainly NNRTIs and PIs-related drug resistance, and the INSTIs resistance rate is low, the use of INSTIs in ART regimens should be considered.

Objective:To investigate the drug resistance of newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients in Shanghai and to provide reference value for clinical antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods:The peripheral venous blood plasma of 196 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from April to June 2023 was collected, HIV-1 RNA was extracted, the pol region was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for sequencing, the mutation sites and ART drug resistance were analyzed.Results:The plasma of 196 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients was amplified successfully in 162 cases (amplification success rate was 82.65%). The subtypes consisted of CRF07_BC(51.23%), CRF01_AE (27.78%), and others (6.79%), CRF55_01B (5.56%), B (3.70%), CRF01_AE/B (3.70%) and CRF08_BC (1.23%). The overall transmitted drug resistance rate was 7.41%, the protease inhibitors (PIs), non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) resistance rates were 3.09%, 3.70%, 0.00% and 0.62%, respectively. The proportion of NNRTIs-related mutation sites in B (66.67%) and CRF55_01B (88.89%) was higher than that in CRF07_BC (13.25%); the proportion of NNRTIs-related mutation sites in CRF55_01B (88.89%) was higher than that in CRF01_AE (22.22%) and other subtypes (18.18%), the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of PIs-related mutation sites in CRF01_AE/B was 21.71 times that of CRF07_BC[odds ratio ( OR)=21.71, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 3.36-140.27, P=0.001]. Conclusions:The transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients in Shanghai is at the moderate epidemic level, mainly NNRTIs and PIs-related drug resistance, and the INSTIs resistance rate is low, the use of INSTIs in ART regimens should be considered.

Objective : To investigate the characteristics of mortality of falls among the elderly in Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the improvement of fall control strategy. Methods: Data pertaining to surveillance of falls in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022 were collected from the Ningbo Municipal Digital Disease Prevention and Control Platform. The trends in mortality of falls in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022 were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). The distribution of demographic characteristics, locations of falls, injury sites, interval from fall occurrence to death and type of falls specified by age were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1 206 deaths occurred due to falls among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022, including 414 men and 612 women, with a male to female ratio of 0.67∶1. The average age was (85.20±8.42) years. The average annual crude mortality and standardized mortality of were 101.10/105 and 85.40/105 from 2017 to 2022, respectively, with no obvious changing trends (APC=5.797% and 5.337%, all P>0.05). The standardized death rate of falls in females was higher than that of males (102.60/105 vs. 69.55/105, P<0.05). The average annual mortality of falls appeared a tendency towards a rise with age among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older, with the highest mortality of 147.18/105 seen in the elderly at ages of 85 years and older. Falls predominantly occurred at home (836 cases, 81.48%) and on the same level (881 cases, 85.87%). The injury sites were mainly lower limbs (388 cases, 37.82%) and head (308 cases, 30.02%). In addition, the interval from fall occurrence to death mainly ranged from 24 hours to 6 months (757 cases, 73.79%). Conclusion The mortality of falls appeared a tendency towards a rise with age among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022, which was higher in women than in men. The location of falls was predominantly at home and the type of falls predominantly at the same level. High attention to residential environments, and reinforcement of gender- and age-specific interventions are recommended.

Objective:To develop a biomimetic nanoparticle probe of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) coated with breast cancer cell membrane, to observe its ability to target homologous breast cancer cells in vitro, and to investigate its effect of enhanced photoacoustic imaging and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for breast cancer in vitro.Methods:The cell membrane of breast cancer 4T1 was extracted by chemical cleavage and repeated freezing and thawing. Then the HMME-coated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer biomimetic nanoparticle was prepared by double emulsification and extrusion. The basic characteristics of nanoparticles were detected. The target ability of nanoparticles to homologous breast cancer cells and the enhancement of photoacoustic imaging were observed in vitro. Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) was used to verify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of nanoparticles, and its SDT effect on breast cancer cells was evaluated by CCK8 cytotoxicity assay.Results:The size of the prepared CHP-NPs was uniform, the morphology was spherical "core-shell structure" , the particle size was (275.23±8.25)nm, and the surface potential was (-18.43±0.45)mV. It was observed that CHP-NPs could target homologous 4T1 cells under laser confocal microscopy. In vitro photoacoustic imaging experiments show that the photoacoustic signal of nanoparticles increases with the increase of its concentration. According to SOSG probe detection, CHP-NPs could produce ROS under ultrasonic irradiation.When CHP-NPs was incubated with 4T1 cells alone and no ultrasonic irradiation was used, the cell survival rate was not significantly affected. When the concentration was 0.6 mg/ml, the cell survival rate was still 95%. After ultrasonic irradiation, CCK8 experiment showed that the CHP-NPs had a significant SDT effect on breast cancer cells.Conclusions:The biomimetic nanomolecular probe of breast cancer cell membrane is successfully prepared. The probe has good ability to target homologous tumor, and can significantly enhance tumor photoacoustic imaging and SDT effect.

Objective To investigate the coverage rate of iodized salt and the nutritional status of schoolaged children before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration in Haishu District,Ningbo City.Methods The observation period (2010-2016) was divided into three sub-periods:before the adjustment (2010,2011),adjustment period (2012-2014) and after the adjustment (2015,2016).Household salt samples and urine samples of school-aged children aged 8-10 were collected during the 3 periods in Haishu District,Ningbo City,and the iodized salt coverage rate,qualified iodized salt consumption rate,urinary iodine concentration were determined.Results Totally 600,900 and 615 household salt samples were collected in the 3 periods,respectively.The medians of salt iodine in the 3 periods were 27.30,23.50 and 23.10 mg/kg;while the iodized salt coverage rates were 97.83％ (587/600),94.67％ (852/900) and 84.72％ (521/615),and the qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 96.50％ (579/600),92.11％ (829/900) and 74.63％ (459/615),respectively.There were significant differences in the iodized salt coverage rates and qualified iodized salt consumption rates among the 3 periods (x2 =86.13,162.57,P ＜ 0.01);and significant decreases of the iodized salt coverage rates and qualified iodized salt consumption rates were observed in the 3 periods (x2trend =77.34,141.11,P ＜ 0.01).The median urinary iodine concentration of the school-aged children in the 3 periods were 171.18,161.95 and 186.07 μg/L;the differences of urinary iodine were statistically significant among the 3 periods (H =11.81,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions In Haishu District,significant decreases of the iodized salt coverage rates and qualified iodized salt consumption rates are observed after the adjustment of salt iodine concentration.However,the iodine nutrition is adequate in school-aged children.

A total of 127 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into low glycemic index meal replacements (intervention) group and standard food-based diet (reference) group in an experiment for 12 weeks.The results showed that fasting plasma glucose,postprandial 2 h plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in the intervention group decreased significantly after 12 weeks trial ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).However,there were no significant changes in lipid profile and HbA1C in intervention group.In addition,percentage of body fatty,visceral fatty area,and waist-hip ratio also decreased in intervention group( all P＜0.01 ).Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels increased significantly in intervention group by the end of trial (both P＜0.01 ),while malondialdehyde was decreased (P＜0.01 ).There were no significant changes in the aforementioned indices in the reference group.Weight,body mass index,and waist circumferences were decreased in both groups,but without significant difference between the two groups.

Objective To explore the possible correlation between HbA1c level and nutritional status in community.based patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A totaI of 219 type 2 diabetes patients were assigned into 2 groups:one with HbAIc<6.5%(n:108)and HbA1f≥6.5%(n=111).Metabolic parameters,food components.and nutritional status were compared between 2 groups.Results (1)49.32% of the participants attained HbA1c<6.5%.(2)HbA1c level was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose,and homeostasis assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(r were 0.56,0.49,and 0.20,respectively,P<0.05 or P<0.01),but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)(r=0.16,P<0.05).(3)Linear regression analysis showed that energy,carbohydrate,protein,and fat were the independent risk factors of HbA1c(all P<0.05).(4)Patients with HbA1c<6.5%consumed more fruits.The intake of pure energy-providing foods and protein-,fat-,or saturated fatty acid-rich foods were more frequent in patients with HbA1c≥6.5%(P<0.05).(5)The linear regression revealed that HbA1c level were decreased 0.36%(P<0.10)or 0.46%(P<0.01)by intake of more fruits,roughage and beans,and HbA1c levels were also decreased 0.42%(P<0.05)or 0.37%(P<0.10)by intake of less meat or oils.Conclusions In communitybased patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the incidence of HbA1c<6.5% remains low,There exists great difference in nutritional status between the groups with high and low HbA1c levels.The impact of diet OB HbA1c level is great.It's necessary to emphasize the importance of diet therapy far better diabetes control.