Objective To analyze the pathogen species and clinical characteristics in patients with acute up-per respiratory tract infection.Methods A total of 275 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection admitted to Jinling Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Nanjing University from December 1,2023 to May 15,2024 were selected as research objects.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reac-tion was used to detect pathogen species in throat swab samples,and clinical data and peripheral blood test in-dexes were collected in the medical record system.Results The positive detection rate of influenza A virus was 9.45%,influenza B virus 17.82%,respiratory syncytial virus 9.45%,adenovirus 9.21%,severe acute re-spiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 18.37%,mycoplasma pneumoniae 10.04%,and chlamydia pneumoniae 1.67%.Compared with other age groups,the positive detection rates of influenza A virus,influenza B virus,respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus,mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in patients<18 years old were higher,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of monocytes in patients infected with influenza B virus was higher than that in patients infected with other pathogens,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Identification the pathogen types of acute upper respiratory tract infection patients is helpful for developing appropriate treatment plans and providing a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment for the patients.

Objective Based on the national drug sampling inspection program,this study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the quality of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations,analyze existing quality issues,and provide references and suggestions for quality control of this variety.Methods A total of 237 batches of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations were tested using legal standards,and methods were established for detecting adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels,and determining the content of platycodin D in Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.These methods were applied to the quality control and evaluation of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.Results Through statutory inspection,one batch of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was found non-compliant.Specific batches were identified to contain the following irregularities:adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels exceeding proposed limits,and platycodin D content below the established threshold.Conclusion The overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was average,while the overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie capsules and lozenges was relatively good.Manufacturing enterprises should strengthen their sense of primary responsibility and enhance control over the entire drug production process.

Objective Based on the national drug sampling inspection program,this study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the quality of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations,analyze existing quality issues,and provide references and suggestions for quality control of this variety.Methods A total of 237 batches of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations were tested using legal standards,and methods were established for detecting adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels,and determining the content of platycodin D in Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.These methods were applied to the quality control and evaluation of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.Results Through statutory inspection,one batch of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was found non-compliant.Specific batches were identified to contain the following irregularities:adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels exceeding proposed limits,and platycodin D content below the established threshold.Conclusion The overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was average,while the overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie capsules and lozenges was relatively good.Manufacturing enterprises should strengthen their sense of primary responsibility and enhance control over the entire drug production process.

Objective: To investigate sleep quality among patients with hypertension and diabetes, so as to provide the basis for improving the health of patients with chronic diseases. Methods: From May to August 2022, patients with hypertension and diabetes under the community management in 4 counties and cities (districts) of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Demographic information, disease history, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and sleep quality were collected by questionnaire surveys, and blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were collected through physical examination and laboratory testing. The incidence of poor sleep quality symptoms (snoring/asphyxia/suffocation, difficulty falling asleep, night awakening, taking sleeping pills and early morning awakening) in patients with diabetes and hypertension was descriptively analyzed, and sleep quality was evaluated. Results: A total of 1 539 patients with hypertension and diabetes were surveyed, including 715 males (46.46%) and 824 females (53.54%). The patients had a mean age of (68.68±7.62) years. The proportions of night awakening, early morning awakening, snoring/asphyxia/suffocation, difficulty falling asleep and taking sleeping pills were 29.82%, 28.53%, 20.73%, 15.79% and 4.29%, respectively. The proportion of poor sleep quality was 66.54%. Employment status, smoking status, moderate/high intensity physical activity and blood pressure control were related to poor sleep quality (all P<0.05). Conclusion Poor sleep quality is common in patients with hypertension and diabetes, with the main symptoms being night awakening, early morning awakening, difficulty falling asleep and snoring/asphyxia/suffocation.

Objective: To investigate the clustering of risk factors among populations at high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the cardiovascular disease control measures among populations at high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The populations with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and a history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease at ages of 35 to 70 years were sampled from 6 districts (counties) of Shaoxing City using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from May to July 2021. Participants' demographics, history of disease, smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use were collected through questionnaires, and height, body weight and blood lipid were measured. The participants at high risk of cardiovascular diseases were enrolled, and the prevalence and clustering of five risk factors were investigated, including current smoking, current alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, never exercise and daily sedentary duration of 3 hours and longer. Factors affecting the clustering of risk factors were identified with an ordinal logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 695 participants were enrolled, including 940 men (55.46%) and 755 women (44.54%), with a mean age of (62.56±6.08) years old. There were 213 participants with a history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (12.57%), and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 78.53%, 61.95% and 46.78%, respectively, and there were 32.63% of participants with current smoking, 35.99% with current alcohol consumption, 49.38% with overweight/obesity, 62.12% with never exercise and 61.24% with daily sedentary duration of 3 hours and longer, respectively. There were 28.85% of participants with two risk factors, and 46.90% with three to five risk factors. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR=5.430, 95%CI: 4.389-6.726), and development of hypertension (OR=1.655, 95%CI: 1.313-2.090) led to present more numbers of clustering of risk factors, and annual household income of 20 000 to 50 000 Yuan (OR=0.620, 95%CI: 0.473-0.812), a history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (OR=0.430, 95%CI: 0.324-0.572), presence of diabetes (OR=0.592, 95%CI: 0.476-0.736) led to less numbers of clustering of risk factors among populations at high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions There is clustering of risk factors among populations at high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Shaoxing City. Men, income, history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes are factors affecting the clustering of risk factors.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the molecular transmission network of newly-diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide evidence for epidemic trend and prevention.Methods:The plasma samples from 423 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients from August 2018 to December 2019 were collected, and the pol gene fragments of HIV-1 from 375 samples were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the molecular transmission network for subtypes and different gene distances by MEGA 6.0 software, HyPhy software and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Mutations on drug resistance was analyzed by online software tool of the HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University. Results:Eight subtypes were found in the 375 samples. Circulating recombinant form (CRF)07_BC(215/375, 57.33%) and CRF01_AE(103/375, 27.47%) were the major subtypes, followed by CRF85_BC, CRF55_01B, B, C, and CRF01_AE/B subtypes. One hundred and ninety-four individuals (51.73%) were connected to the transmission network at 1.50% genetic distance with 24 clusters. One hundred and twenty-nine individuals (34.40%) were connected to the transmission network at 0.75% genetic distance with 30 clusters, and 35 elderly patients were clustered in CL1.Forty-two cases had surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM), the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 11.20%(42/375). Thirty-eight cases had the drug mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, including K103 N(32/375, 8.53%), K103 S(4/375, 1.07%), Y188 L(1/375, 0.27%) and G190 A(1/375, 0.27%); four cases had the mutations to protease inhibitor, including M46 I(3/375, 0.80%) and V82 A(1/375, 0.27%). The cluster C2 sequences carried a high proportion of resistant mutations (94.29%, 33/35). Conclusions:HIV-1 subtypes in Shaoxing City are diverse and the CRF07_BC subtype spreads rapidly. The elderly patients with drug resistance genes in cluster CL1 at 0.75% gene distance need to be intervened immediately to prevent the drug resistance virus spread.

Background: Replacing damaged anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) with tissue-engineered artificial ligaments is challenging because ligament scaffolds must have a multiregional structure that can guide stem cell differentiation. Here, we designed a biphasic scaffold and evaluated its effect on human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under dynamic culture conditions as well as rat ACL reconstruction model in vivo. Methods: We designed a novel dual-phase electrospinning strategy wherein the scaffolds comprised randomly arranged phases at the two ends and an aligned phase in the middle. The morphological, mechanical properties and scaffold degradation were investigated. MSCs proliferation, adhesion, morphology and fibroblast markers were evaluated under dynamic culturing. This scaffold were tested if they could induce ligament formation using a rodent model in vivo. Results: Compared with other materials, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLGA/PCL) with mass ratio of 1:5 showed appropriate mechanical properties and biodegradability that matched ACLs. After 28 days of dynamic culturing, MSCs were fusiform oriented in the aligned phase and randomly arranged in a paving-stone-like morphology in the random phase. The increased expression of fibroblastic markers demonstrated that only the alignment of nanofibers worked with mechanical stimulation to promote effective fibroblast differentiation. This scaffold was a dense collagenous structure, and there was minimal difference in collagen direction in the orientation phase. Conclusion Dual-phase electrospun scaffolds had mechanical properties and degradability similar to those of ACLs. They promoted differences in the morphology of MSCs and induced fibroblast differentiation under dynamic culture conditions. Animal experiments showed that ligamentous tissue regenerated well and supported joint stability.

Background: Replacing damaged anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) with tissue-engineered artificial ligaments is challenging because ligament scaffolds must have a multiregional structure that can guide stem cell differentiation. Here, we designed a biphasic scaffold and evaluated its effect on human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under dynamic culture conditions as well as rat ACL reconstruction model in vivo. Methods: We designed a novel dual-phase electrospinning strategy wherein the scaffolds comprised randomly arranged phases at the two ends and an aligned phase in the middle. The morphological, mechanical properties and scaffold degradation were investigated. MSCs proliferation, adhesion, morphology and fibroblast markers were evaluated under dynamic culturing. This scaffold were tested if they could induce ligament formation using a rodent model in vivo. Results: Compared with other materials, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLGA/PCL) with mass ratio of 1:5 showed appropriate mechanical properties and biodegradability that matched ACLs. After 28 days of dynamic culturing, MSCs were fusiform oriented in the aligned phase and randomly arranged in a paving-stone-like morphology in the random phase. The increased expression of fibroblastic markers demonstrated that only the alignment of nanofibers worked with mechanical stimulation to promote effective fibroblast differentiation. This scaffold was a dense collagenous structure, and there was minimal difference in collagen direction in the orientation phase. Conclusion Dual-phase electrospun scaffolds had mechanical properties and degradability similar to those of ACLs. They promoted differences in the morphology of MSCs and induced fibroblast differentiation under dynamic culture conditions. Animal experiments showed that ligamentous tissue regenerated well and supported joint stability.