The increasing prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) underscores the critical need for innovative non-pharmacological strategies. This retrospective comparative case series evaluated the effects of classical music therapy, Qur’anic recitation, and their combination on cognitive function and religious engagement in 7 patients with VCI due to rare disorders, including vasculitis related to systemic lupus erythematosus and Balint syndrome. Assessments included brain magnetic resonance imaging, the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the dementia solat score, and C-reactive protein levels. Patients who received only Qur’anic recitation demonstrated the most significant improvement in cognitive function and religious engagement. The findings suggest that Qur’anic recitation therapy has yielded superior results despite potential sound wave conflicts. Future studies with larger samples are required to validate these findings and explore further non-pharmacological interventions for VCI.
cognitive dysfunction ; music therapy ; religion

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory-autoimmune disease with a complex multi-organ pathogenesis, and it is known to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Various genetic, immunological, endocrine, and environmental factors contribute to SLE. Genomic variants have been identified as potential contributors to SLE susceptibility across multiple continents. However, the specific pathogenic variants that drive SLE remain largely undefined. In this study, we sought to identify these pathogenic variants across various continents using genomic and bioinformatic-based methodologies. We found that the variants rs35677470, rs34536443, rs17849502, and rs13306575 are likely damaging in SLE. Furthermore, these four variants appear to affect the gene expression of NCF2, TYK2, and DNASE1L3 in whole blood tissue. Our findings suggest that these genomic variants warrant further research for validation in functional studies and clinical trials involving SLE patients. We conclude that the integration of genomic and bioinformatic-based databases could enhance our understanding of disease susceptibility, including that of SLE.