Objective To explore the correlation between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm. Methods The clinicopathologic data of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma≤3 cm in diameter were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and age, gender, smoking history, pathological subtype, tumor diameter, pleural invasion, vascular invasion and other factors was analyzed. The risk factors of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Finally 1 718 patients were collected, including 697 males and 1 021 females with an average age of (58.89±9.85) years. The total lymph node metastasis rate was 12.9%, among whom 452 patients of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma did not have lymph node metastasis, and the lymph node metastasis rate of invasive lung adenocarcinoma was 17.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor diameter, micropapillary subtype, solid subtype, micropapillary component, solid component, vascular invasion and pleural invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of invasive lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm (P<0.05). While age, lepidic subtype and lepidic component were independent protective factors for lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion Clinicopathological features can help predict lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the number of dopaminergic neurons and the locomo-tor behavior of animals,and to provide a reference basis for the modeling of mice with different stages of Parkinson disease(PD)and different types of locomotor deficits based on 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)injection.METHODS:We in-duced lesions in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc)by administering various doses of 6-OHDA(3 g/L,6 g/L,and 12 g/L)to create PD mouse models with differing degrees of injury,thereby mimicking the various stages of PD progression observed in patients(early,moderate and advanced stages).On the 14th day post-surgery,we evaluated the behavioral deficits of the mouse models using the rotarod test,pole test,beam traversal test,open field test,and gait analysis.Fur-thermore,the quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neurons within the SNc and TH-stained dopaminergic terminals in the corpus striatum caudate-putamen(CPu)was conducted utilizing immunofluorescence staining techniques to assess brain tissue damage.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc was significantly reduced in both the high-dose group(P<0.05)and the medium-dose group(P<0.05)following 6-OHDA injection,demonstrating a dose-dependent effect(Spearman correlation,P<0.01).Similarly,the dopaminergic terminals in the CPu were significantly diminished in the high-dose group(P<0.01)and the medium-dose group(P<0.05).Behavioral tests revealed that mice in the high-dose group exhibited severe impairments in motor coordination and hindlimb balance,as evidenced by reduced rotarod test times,gait abnormalities,and asymmetrical forelimb use in the cylinder test.In contrast,mice in the medium-and low-dose groups displayed only mild declines in limb coordination,while their autonomous motor abilities and gait indices remained largely unaffected.CONCLUSION:The results reveal a dose-dependent effect on dopamine neuron damage,with higher doses causing the severest damage.Unexpectedly,signifi-cant locomotion impairments were only manifested in the high-dose group.This suggests that a mouse model induced by higher 6-OHDA dose is effective for studying PD and associated dyskinesia.Conversely,animal models with low to medi-um doses can be useful for exploring the early stages of PD locomotion symptoms.

Objective To investigate the impacts of low-grade inflammation on the correlation of serum testosterone (T) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men.Methods Based on the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and T,a total of 247 patients was divided into low-grade inflammation with low T group (LI-LT,CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L,T ＜ 12.0 nmol/L,n =65),low-grade inflammation with normal T group (LI-NT,n =67),non-low-grade inflammation with low T group (NLI-LT,n =56),and non-low-grade inflammation with normal T group (NLI-NT,n =59).General information,medical history,and anthropometry data were collected.Glycosylated hemoglobin AI c (HbA1c),blood fat,and CIMT were detected.Results Compared to NLI-NT group,CIMT in NLI-LT group was increased without statistical significance [(0.87 ±0.09) vs (0.90 ±0.10)mm,t =1.693,P =0.090].CIMT in LI-LT group was increased significantly compared to that of LI-NT group [(0.99 ± 0.10) vs (1.07 ±0.12)mm,t =5.208,P =0.000].Correlation analysis indicated that serum T correlated negatively with CIMT (n =247,r =-0.368,P ＜0.01) in whole.The correlation coefficient of T and CIMT was-0.582 (P =0.000),and-0.098 (P =0.087) in patients with (n =132) and without (n =115) low-grade inflammation,respectively.To make CIMT dependent coefficient and serum T independent coefficient in multiple regression analysis,the partial regression coefficient was-0.062 (95％ CI:-0.094 ～-0.029,P =0.008),and-0.045 (95％ CI:-0.087 ～-0.002,P =0.036),respectively,before and after the adjustment of age,smoking,family history,T2DM course,body mass,blood pressure,HbAlc,and blood fat.After the additional adjustment of CRP,the partial regression coefficient was-0.019 (95％ CI:-0.120 ～ 0.042,P =0.287).Conclusions The negative relationship between serum T and CIMT in T2DM men might be modulated by low-grade inflammation.

AIM:To investigate the effects of C1q/TNF related protein 3 (CTRP3) on the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes.METHODS: The insulin resistance model of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was induced by palmic acid cultivation.The adipocytes were treated with different concentrations of recombinant CTRP3 protein (10, 50, 250,1 250 μg/L) for 12 h, and for different times (2, 6, 12, 24 h) at the concentration of 250μg/L.The glucose con-sumption was detected by the glucose oxidase method.The glucose transport ratio was measured by 2-deoxidation-[3H]-glucose intake method.The contents of TNF-αand IL-6 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA.The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) was measured by real-time PCR.The protein expression of GLUT-4 was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with normal control ( NC) group, the glucose consumption and glucose intake ratio of insulin resistance ( IR) group was decreased by 50.6%and 57.9%, respectively.Compared with IR group, with the increase in CTRP3 (10, 50, 250,1 250 μg/L) in intervention groups, the glucose consumptions were in-creased by 22.1%, 42.9%, 76.6% and 80.5%, respectively, and the glucose intake ratios were increased by 39.0%, 68.0%, 108.0%and 111.0%, respectively.With the increased duration (2, 6, 12 and 24 h) of CTRP3 treatment at the concentration of 250 μg/L, the glucose intake ratio was increased by 23.0%, 79.0%, 109.0%and 114.0%, respectively. The contents of TNF-αand IL-6 in the supernatant were decreased by 17.4%and 17.1%respectively as treated with CTRP3 at the concentration of 250 μg/L for 12 h, and the mRNA expression of TNF-αand IL-6 was decreased by 26.0% and 18.9%respectively, while the mRNA and protein expression of GLUT-4 was increased by 61.5%and 55.6%respectively. CONCLUSION:CTRP3 may increase the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, improving the insulin signal transduction and increasing the expression of GLUT-4.