Background: Although isotretinoin has been confirmed by clinical and experimental studies to be a teratogenic agent that causes fetal developmental abnormalities, its effects on placental development and placental-like extra-embryonic vascularization have not been sufficiently studied. The vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane is structurally and functionally similar to mammalian placental vascularization, which provided the rationale for conducting this study. Aim: To study the effect of isotretinoin on chorioallantoic membrane vascularization using an in ovo chick embryo model. Materials and Methods: A comparative experimental control study was conducted using fertilized eggs of the same developmental age from Gallus gallus domesticus. At the HH10 embryonic stage, the control group received avian saline, while the experimental group was administered isotretinoin (5 µg/100 µL). Vascularization of the yolk sac and chorioallantoic membrane was evaluated at the macro- and tissue levels at 72 and 120 hours of embryonic development. Vessel branching order, vascular density, and capillary number were compared, and statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Result: In the control group, vascularization progressed actively, with abundant formation of third and fourth order vessels, resulting in a dense reticular network. In contrast, the isotretinoin treated group showed delayed vessel branching, a marked reduction in the number of third- and fourth-order vessels, and an overall decrease in vascular density of 40–60%. Histological analysis revealed thinning of the chorioallantoic membrane, loss of tissue layers, and thinning of vascular walls, and the number of capillaries was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.01). In addition, the development of chorioallantoic membrane vascularization in chick embryos was found to be structurally and developmentally similar to mammalian placental vascularization. Conclusion Isotretinoin was shown to inhibit the development of the chorioallantoic membrane and markedly reduce vascularization and differentiation in an in ovo chick embryo model.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder in which immune dysregulation and skin barrier dysfunction play crucial roles, alongside neuroendocrine factors. Psychological stress influences the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, thereby altering cortisol secretion and inflammatory responses. However, the relationships among cortisol levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), psychological parameters, and disease severity remain insufficiently explored. Aim: To compare cortisol levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and psychological parameters between adults with atopic dermatitis and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted including 12 patients with atopic dermatitis and 12 healthy controls. Serum cortisol levels and complete blood counts (for NLR calculation) were assessed. Psychological status was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Disease severity was measured using the SCORAD index. Statistical analyses included group comparisons and correlation analyses. Results: Cortisol levels in the atopic dermatitis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.001). Cortisol levels showed a significant negative correlation with SCORAD scores (r = -0.65, p = 0.021) and GAD-7 scores (r=-0.56, p=0.036). A negative correlation was also observed between disease duration and cortisol levels (r=-0.53, p=0.075), although this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Dysregulation of the HPA axis in atopic dermatitis, reflected by reduced cortisol levels, may be associated with increased disease severity and psychological stress. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating psychological assessment into the comprehensive management of atopic dermatitis.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disorder of the hair follicle that predominantly affects areas rich in apocrine sweat glands, such as the axillae and groin. Clinically, it is characterized by painful nodules, abscess formation, sinus tract development, and scarring. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical findings; however, due to limited awareness of the disease, it is often diagnosed at a late stage. Misdiagnosis and inappropriate management are common, leading to chronic disease progression. Consequently, HS significantly impairs quality of life through reduced work capacity, psychological distress, and social isolation. Disease severity is commonly assessed using the Hurley staging system and the Sartorius scoring system. We present a rare case of hidradenitis suppurativa encountered in dermatological practice. Case presentation A 35-year-old male patient (initials L.B.) presented with recurrent, painful lesions in both axillary regions associated with purulent discharge. The condition had persisted over a prolonged period with repeated exacerbations. The patient had attempted self-treatment at home without improvement and was subsequently admitted to the Department of Dermatology at the National Center for Dermatology with a diagnosis of DS: L73.2 (hidradenitis suppurativa). The patient was treated with systemic antibiotics (doxycycline and cefazolin), retinoids, supportive therapy, and topical treatment. In addition, intralesional triamcinolone injections were administered into active nodules, which proved effective in rapidly reducing inflammation, pain, and purulent discharge.

Introduction: According to the WHO, being exposed to loud noise for a long time can be very harmful to health. It can lead to heart and blood vessel problems, mental health issues, trouble sleeping, and hearing loss. Noise pollution has a negative effect on the brain and nervous system, and it can cause many problems. High-frequency noise, in particular, can disturb the central nervous system. This can lead to problems like poor concentration, more anxiety, and feeling mentally tired. Many studies around the world have shown that noise levels of ≥85 dB at work increase the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus.In Ulaanbaatar, environmental noise pollution continues to grow due to population growth, construction, and urban planning. Therefore, it is important to find out whether environmental noise pollution is linked to mental and behavioral disorders, insomnia, nervous fatigue, high blood pressure, and hearing loss among the population. Goal: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of primary hypertension (I10), nervous fatigue (F48.0), sleep disorders (F51.0), and tinnitus (H83.3) caused by environmental noise among the population of Ulaanbaatar. Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design was applied to examine statistical data from the Center for Health Development regarding diseases related to noise pollution. Based on the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the study focused on conditions such as neurasthenia (F48.0), non-organic sleep disorders (F51), primary hypertension (I10), and hearing disorders (H83.3). The analysis included data recorded between 2014 and 2023 among the population of Ulaanbaatar city. Epidemiological analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software, and the results were calculated per 10,000 population. Ethical Considerations: This study did not receive any external funding or financial support from public or private organizations. It utilizes secondary data from the Health Development Center, which does not contain any personal information. Results: In 2014, the average age of individuals diagnosed with neurasthenia (F48.0) was 40.1±12.6 years; for non-organic sleep disorders (F51.0), it was 48.1±14.5 years; for noise-induced hearing disorders (H83.3), 47.2±12.7 years; and for primary hypertension (I10), the average age was 59.0±11.4 years. By 2023, the average age for primary hypertension had slightly decreased to 58.0±12.9 years. Since 2014, the number of cases of nervous fatigue, non organic sleep disorders, and hearing problems caused by noise has risen in Ulaanbaatar. In 2023, the average age of people with primary hypertension (I10) dropped to 58.0±12.9 years. Noise-related illnesses are common among people aged 40 to 60 in Ulaanbaatar, and this is lowering their quality of life. Conclusion Noise-related illnesses are being recorded among the 40–60 age group in Ulaanbaatar, which is negatively affecting their quality of life. It is urgently necessary to introduce measures for adequate protection of the population from the negative health effects of environmental noise.

Abstract Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions of people worldwide. Significant advancements in both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have greatly improved outcomes, particularly for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy. Modern neurostimulation techniques such as Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing seizure frequency in these patients. Additionally, emerging technologies like gene therapy and optogenetics are being explored to better understand the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy and hold promise as future treatment modalities.Traditional imaging techniques often fail to detect subtle epileptogenic zones. However, the introduction of ultra high-field 7T MRI scanners represents a major breakthrough. These advanced scanners use eight transmitters to generate higher-resolution images, reducing signal dropout and enabling the identification of previously undetected lesions. In one study involving 31 patients, 58% had their treatment plans modified based on 7T MRI findings, highlighting its potential to inform surgical decision-making. In terms of pharmacological treatment, newer medications such as sultiame, cannabidiol (CBD), and non-pharmacological approaches like the ketogenic diet have emerged as additional therapeutic options for drug-resistant epilepsy. These developments contribute to more effective, personalized management strategies for epilepsy. In summary, the landscape of epilepsy diagnosis and treatment is rapidly evolving. Innovations in imaging and therapeutic interventions are offering new hope for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Ongoing research and clinical trials remain essential to further refine these approaches and improve patient outcomes.

Electronic cigarettes are handheld electronic vaping devices which produce an aerosol by heating an e-liquid. The e-liquid typically contains humectants and flavorings, with or without nicotine; once vaporized by the atomizer, the aerosol (vapor) provides a sensation like tobacco also smoking the heating process can lead to the generation of new decomposition compounds that may be hazardous. Heavy metals, organic compounds, and particles smaller than PM2.5 were found on the puff of the electronic cigarette, also in 2012 International agency research cancer, introduced PM2.5 human carcinogen substance. Therefore, e-cigarette liquid products should be subjected to regulatory control to ensure consistent nicotine delivery. Global youth tobacco survey Mongolia 2019 asked about e-cigarette use status and 3.5% (95% CI: 2.6-4.6) of students currently used electronic cigarettes while one in ten students (10.1%, 95% CI: 8.3-12.2) had ever used electronic cigarettes. E-cigarette advertising is on television and radio in many countries that have long banned similar advertising for cigarettes and other tobacco products and may be indirectly promoting smoking conventional cigarettes. Smoke-free policies protect nonsmokers from exposure to toxins and encourage smoking cessation. Introducing e-cigarettes into clean air environments may result in population harm if use of the product reinforces the act of smoking as socially acceptable or if use undermines the benefits of smoke-free policies.

The survival of seeds in the soil is characterized by the ambient concentration of seed and seed distribution and seed maturation. Seedlings grown in a fully developed in the future viability of the plant growth shows revival. Ecological restoration of this important natural seed bank study could also be considered, assuming of Bogd Khan Uul “Shajin khurkh” around the goal of soil seed reservation. Goal to achieve the following objectives. Including:1. To learn soil seed stydies2. To familiarize with the methodology andresearch, make the research methodologyinto own3. To study soil seed bank around BogdKhan mountain “Shajin khurkh”Key words: Bogd Khan Mountain; soil; seed bankIntroductionNowadays, environmental problems aroundthe world, our country prone to desertifi cation gene pool of rare and endangered native plant conservation and is close to extinction benefi cial for some drugs, food and technical plant species restoration, conservation and proper use is a challenge today. With an easy transition to a market economy gain a group of people interested in nature pillage of rare animals and plants remove, and the intense drought shifting in recent years in Mongolian Gobi desert steppe has desertifi cation across the region. Natural conditions, rehabilitation of forest trees, shrubs and plants shrubs planted seeds and seedlings preparation step is performed to transfer. It is not possible to recover plant ecology without seeds. To destroy the vegetation limited nature of the environment and human infl uence in the work of restoring scientifi c conduct acomprehensive study to ensure that it is desirable to restore the ecology of the soil seed reserves in the area, primarily to determine what research.Materials and methodsThe location of points of GPS (Geographicalposition system) established with the help ofapparatus and measuring 10x10m area of each point and each of any two points each 1m2 5 this site soil samples from 5 repeats. Studies using soil samples takenin 2013-2014 according to German scientists K.Tomsony research methodology to test performance.Bogd khan ‘’Shajin khurkh’’ mountain thestudy are shown

Background: Due to their limited ability to perceive dangerous situation fully and their inability to react quickly, children are prone to become invalid or even death caused by trauma and/or injury. World Health Organization reports from previous years suggest that illness and death caused by trauma/injury are on steady increase. NTORC records from 2008 indicate that 81.9% of patients aged 0-4 were burned and 15.4% were injured from fall.Goal: The main goal is to study illness and death caused by trauma/injury among children aged 0-5.Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted in statistic records of NTORC. Real numbers of illness and death in outpatient, hospitalization were collected and analyzed in SPSS 17.0.Results: Results were introduced in following 2 groups. One. Results of analysis on trauma/injury among children aged 0-5 in outpatient clinic of NTORC: There were 25486 patients aged 0-5 in 2006-2010 totally. Of them, 58% (14790) were male and 42% (10696) were female children. Majority of patients were children aged 1 -2 (45.8%, 11668) and there were no difference in sex in this age group. The most common cause of trauma/illness among children aged 0-5 was burn from heat and chemicals (T20-T25, T26-T28, T29-T32), 2nd most was head injury (S00-S09). Additionally, most of the cases were registered in winter time in 2006, but this difference in season was disappeared in 2007¬2010 records. Two. Results of analysis on hospitalized children aged 0-5: 6393 children received hospitalization between 2006 and 2010. 51.7% (3307) of them were female children. Children aged 0-5 who were hospitalized due to trauma/injury were increased to 25.7% in 2010. Most of the children who received health care because trauma/injury was children aged 0-1 (55.2%, 3526). In source of hospitalization of children aged 0-5, burn from heat and chemicals (T20-T25, T26-T28, T29-T32) was placed first and birth defects, anomaly and chromosomal defects (Q00-Q99) were placed second. From the last 5 years of data, we could see that increase of hospitalization due to burn among male children (47.3%, 1461). Although there are records of burn from heat and chemicals in every month, there are slight increases of cases in May, June and October.Conclusion: Cases of trauma/injury among children aged 0-5 were increased as shown by statistical records of NTORC in 2006-2010. Of all kinds of trauma and injuries, majority of cases were caused by burn from heat and chemicals as indicated from statistical records of outpatient clinic and hospitalization.Recommendation and suggestion:1. Observe trauma/injury among children aged 0-5, particularly burn from heat and chemicals.2. Train statisticians and public health professionals from provinces and soums in methodology of surveillance and research.3. Improve understanding on health effects of burn in children among public, particularly health care workers.4. Organize public health interventions in view of seasonality of some trauma/injury among children aged 0-5.