Objective With the continuous advancement of China's deep space exploration and space station construction missions,the issues of radiation protection and health security for astronauts in special space environments have become increasingly prominent,gradually emerging as a core research topic in the field of special medicine.To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Fuping decoction against ionizing radiation-induced inflammatory damage to the immune system in mice,and to verify whether it relieves radiation-induced inflammatory injury by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization balance.Methods An in vivo radiation injury model was established using Balb/c mice.The expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in the spleen and thymus,and the phagocytic rate of peritoneal macrophages were detected.Mouse-derived macrophages were cultured in vitro to establish an in vitro radiation injury model.The secretion levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 were measured,macrophage polarization was observed by immunofluorescence,and the protein expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot.Results In vivo experiments showed that Fuping significantly reduced the phagocytic rate of peritoneal macrophages and the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the spleen and thymus of irradiated mice.In vitro experiments demonstrated that Fuping restored the M1/M2 polarization balance of macrophages,decreased the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6,increased the expression of IL-10,and inhibited the protein expression of TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB in irradiated macrophages.Conclusion Fuping alleviates radiation-induced inflammatory injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating macrophage polarization balance,providing an experimental basis for the development of natural radioprotective drugs.

Testicular radiation injury is a structural and functional abnormality of the testes caused directly or indirectly by radiation, which disrupts spermatogenesis and compromises male fertility. The development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions is essential because of the high prevalence of this condition in clinical settings and its profound effect on patients′ reproductive health and overall well-being. The concept of "the struggle between vital qi and pathogen" is first seen in the Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases. It denotes the dynamic struggle between vital and pathogenic qi. The occurrence, development, and sequelae of all diseases reflect this ongoing conflict. In this context, this study defines the "vital qi" of the testis as its capacity to generate and preserve the essence of reproduction and to resist damage. The pathogenic qi associated with testicular radiation injury is categorized into two types: ionizing poison and retaining evil. The pathogenesis of testicular radiation damage is delineated into three stages by integrating the characteristics of vital and pathogenic qi: the injury, adhesion, and recovery phases. Based on the theoretical framework advanced by this study, the therapeutic approach for testicular radiation injury should adhere to the fundamental principle of strengthening vital qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. Although the primary focus of treatment should be on strengthening vital qi, it should also be complemented by strategies to eliminate pathogenic influences. This paper aims to provide a novel perspective and strategic approach to the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of testicular radiation injury. By elucidating the process of testicular radiation injury and its corresponding treatment principles, it seeks to offer valuable insights for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the mediating role of occupational well-being in the relationship between professional identity and safety behavior among nurses. Methods A total of 1 006 nurses from ten tertiary general hospitals in eight provincial administrative regions were selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. Their safety behavior, professional identity and occupational well-being were investigated using Nurse Safety Behavior Scale, Nurse Professional Identity Scale and Occupational Well-being Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS 26.0 to examine the mediating effect of occupational well-being in the relationship between professional identity and safety behavior among nurses. Results The scores for safety behavior, professional identity, and occupational well-being were (53.0±6.1), (123.7±21.2) and (90.8±13.1), respectively. Safety behavior was positively correlated with both professional identity and occupational well-being (correlation coefficients were 0.50 and 0.50, respectively, both P<0.01). Professional identity was positively correlated with occupational well-being (correlation coefficient was 0.51, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the higher the professional identity and occupational well-being of nurses, the higher the level of safety behavior (both P<0.05). The result of mediating effect shows that the total effect of occupational identity on safety behavior was 0.498 [95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.405-0.576], and occupational well-being played a mediating role between professional identity and safety behavior among nurses with the mediation effect of 0.156 (95%CI was 0.112-0.205), accounting for 31.33% of the total effect. Conclusion The safety behavior of nurses is at a moderate level. Both professional identity and occupational well-being can affect the safety behavior of nurses. Professional identity can increase the safety behavior of nurses by affecting occupational well-being.

Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common disease of the digestive system,among which severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)has a high mortality rate.Finding more accurate and convenient methods for early recognition of SAP is one of the major challenges in clinical treatment.Aims:To explore the application value of the controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)of ultrasound elastography in predicting SAP.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 135 AP patients admitted to Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital from February to October 2024.Patients were categorized into non-SAP and SAP groups according to the severity of the disease.Clinical data,local complications,laboratory indicators,and CAP were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for SAP.A SAP prediction model based on CAP was constructed according to the identified risk factors and the minimum Akaike information criterion(AIC).ROC curve and Bootstrap method were used to evaluate the efficacy of the prediction model and conduct internal validation,respectively.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the non-SAP group and SAP group in body mass index(BMI),incidence of hyperlipidemia,etiological composition,incidence of pleural and ascitic fluid,length of hospital stay,incidence of peripancreatic effusion,incidence of pancreatic necrosis,white blood cell count(WBC),D-dimer(D-D)level,blood glucose,triglyceride(TG),C-reactive protein(CRP),neutrophil count,procalcitonin(PCT),interleukin-6(IL-6),free triiodothyronine(FT3),and CAP(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pancreatic necrosis(OR=13.39,95%CI:3.10-57.94,P<0.001)and CAP(OR=1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02,P=0.038)were independent risk factors for SAP.The SAP prediction model based on CAP was formulated as:Logit(P)=-5.884+0.010×CAP+2.839×pancreatic necrosis+0.169×D-D+0.132×blood glucose+0.006×CRP.The model showed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.834 for predicting SAP,which was superior to CAP alone(P<0.05).Internal validation indicated that the prediction model had high stability and accuracy(C-index=0.808).Conclusions:The prediction model constructed based on CAP has good clinical value for predicting SAP,providing a new perspective and tool for early identification and prognostic assessment of AP.

Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common disease of the digestive system,among which severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)has a high mortality rate.Finding more accurate and convenient methods for early recognition of SAP is one of the major challenges in clinical treatment.Aims:To explore the application value of the controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)of ultrasound elastography in predicting SAP.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 135 AP patients admitted to Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital from February to October 2024.Patients were categorized into non-SAP and SAP groups according to the severity of the disease.Clinical data,local complications,laboratory indicators,and CAP were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for SAP.A SAP prediction model based on CAP was constructed according to the identified risk factors and the minimum Akaike information criterion(AIC).ROC curve and Bootstrap method were used to evaluate the efficacy of the prediction model and conduct internal validation,respectively.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the non-SAP group and SAP group in body mass index(BMI),incidence of hyperlipidemia,etiological composition,incidence of pleural and ascitic fluid,length of hospital stay,incidence of peripancreatic effusion,incidence of pancreatic necrosis,white blood cell count(WBC),D-dimer(D-D)level,blood glucose,triglyceride(TG),C-reactive protein(CRP),neutrophil count,procalcitonin(PCT),interleukin-6(IL-6),free triiodothyronine(FT3),and CAP(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pancreatic necrosis(OR=13.39,95%CI:3.10-57.94,P<0.001)and CAP(OR=1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02,P=0.038)were independent risk factors for SAP.The SAP prediction model based on CAP was formulated as:Logit(P)=-5.884+0.010×CAP+2.839×pancreatic necrosis+0.169×D-D+0.132×blood glucose+0.006×CRP.The model showed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.834 for predicting SAP,which was superior to CAP alone(P<0.05).Internal validation indicated that the prediction model had high stability and accuracy(C-index=0.808).Conclusions:The prediction model constructed based on CAP has good clinical value for predicting SAP,providing a new perspective and tool for early identification and prognostic assessment of AP.

Dynamic tracking analysis of monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)biotransformation in vivo is crucial,as certain modifications could inactivate the protein and reduce drug efficacy.However,a particular chal-lenge(i.e.immune recognition deficiencies)in biotransformation studies may arise when modifications occur at the paratope recognized by the antigen.To address this limitation,a multi-epitope affinity technology utilizing the metal organic framework(MOF)@Au@peptide@aptamer composite material was proposed and developed by simultaneously immobilizing complementarity determining region(CDR)mimotope peptide(HH24)and non-CDR mimotope aptamer(CH1S-6T)onto the surface of MOF@Au nanocomposite.Comparative studies demonstrated that MOF@Au@peptide@aptamer exhibited signifi-cantly enhanced enrichment capabilities for trastuzumab variants in comparison to mono-epitope af-finity technology.Moreover,the higher deamidation ratio for LC-Asn-30 and isomerization ratio for HC-Asn-55 can only be monitored by the novel bioanalytical platform based on MOF@Au@peptide@aptamer and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry(LC-QTOF-MS).Therefore,multi-epitope affinity technology could effectively overcome the biases of traditional affinity materials for key sites modification analysis of mAb.Particularly,the novel bioanalytical platform can be suc-cessfully used for the tracking analysis of trastuzumab modifications in different biological fluids.Compared to the spiked phosphate buffer(PB)model,faster modification trends were monitored in the spiked serum and patients'sera due to the catalytic effect of plasma proteins and relevant proteases.Differences in peptide modification levels of trastuzumab in patients'sera were also monitored.In summary,the novel bioanalytical platform based on the multi-epitope affinity technology holds great potentials for in vivo biotransformation analysis of mAb,contributing to improved understanding and paving the way for future research and clinical applications.

Dynamic tracking analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) biotransformation in vivo is crucial, as certain modifications could inactivate the protein and reduce drug efficacy. However, a particular challenge (i.e. immune recognition deficiencies) in biotransformation studies may arise when modifications occur at the paratope recognized by the antigen. To address this limitation, a multi-epitope affinity technology utilizing the metal organic framework (MOF)@Au@peptide@aptamer composite material was proposed and developed by simultaneously immobilizing complementarity determining region (CDR) mimotope peptide (HH24) and non-CDR mimotope aptamer (CH1S-6T) onto the surface of MOF@Au nanocomposite. Comparative studies demonstrated that MOF@Au@peptide@aptamer exhibited significantly enhanced enrichment capabilities for trastuzumab variants in comparison to mono-epitope affinity technology. Moreover, the higher deamidation ratio for LC-Asn-30 and isomerization ratio for HC-Asn-55 can only be monitored by the novel bioanalytical platform based on MOF@Au@peptide@aptamer and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Therefore, multi-epitope affinity technology could effectively overcome the biases of traditional affinity materials for key sites modification analysis of mAb. Particularly, the novel bioanalytical platform can be successfully used for the tracking analysis of trastuzumab modifications in different biological fluids. Compared to the spiked phosphate buffer (PB) model, faster modification trends were monitored in the spiked serum and patients' sera due to the catalytic effect of plasma proteins and relevant proteases. Differences in peptide modification levels of trastuzumab in patients' sera were also monitored. In summary, the novel bioanalytical platform based on the multi-epitope affinity technology holds great potentials for in vivo biotransformation analysis of mAb, contributing to improved understanding and paving the way for future research and clinical applications.

Background:Acute lung injury(ALI)is the most common organ dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Somatostatin analogue octreotide is a common used drug in acute pancreatitis.Aims:To explore the protective mechanism of octreotide on lung injury in SAP mice.Methods:In the first part,the experimental mice were randomly assigned into four groups.SAP model was induced by caerulin and lipopolysaccharide,and the mice were sacrificed 24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours after establishment.HE staining was used to observe the pathological score of pancreas and lung.Serum amylase and lung tissue myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity were detected.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of pyroptosis-related molecules apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase-1,Gasdermin D(GSDMD),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18 and inflammatory factors IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)in lung tissue.Western blotting was used to detect protein expressions of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3),caspase-1,GSDMD and IL-1β in lung tissue.In the second part,mice were randomly divided into control group,SAP group,and octreotide group.HE staining was used to observe the pathological score of pancreas and lung.Serum amylase and lung tissue MPO activity were detected.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of pyroptosis-related molecules caspase-1,ASC,IL-1β,IL-18 and inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,HMGB1.Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD,ASC,IL-1β in lung tissue.Results:In the first part,compared with control group,pathological score of pancreas and lung tissue,serum amylase and MPO activity were significantly increased in SAP group(all P<0.05),mRNA expressions of pyroptosis-related molecules caspase-1,ASC,GSDMD,IL-1β,IL-18 and inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,HMGB1 were significantly increased(all P<0.05),protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD and IL-1β in lung tissue were significantly increased(all P<0.05),especially in 24 hours after establishment group.In the second part,compared with SAP group,pathological score of pancreas and lung tissue,serum amylase were significantly decreased in octreotide group(all P<0.05),mRNA expressions of pyroptosis-related molecules caspase-1,ASC,IL-1β,IL-18 and inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,HMGB1 were significantly decreased in lung tissue in octreotide group(all P<0.05),protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD,ASC and IL-1β in lung tissue were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Cell pyroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of lung injury in SAP mice,and octreotide may attenuate lung injury in SAP mice by inhibiting pyroptosis.

In this paper, the domestic and international demand and development trend of clinical diagnostic radionuclides are analyzed, and the medium and high-energy cyclotrons, adequate and systematic facilities, and preparation techniques required for the production of medical radionuclides based on solid targets are introduced. This paper focuses on the research and development carried out by some important medical institutions and scientific research institutes in China over the years in the aspects of medium and high-energy cyclotrons, beam transmission lines, high-power irradiation target stations and new medical isotope production processes etc. It also looks forward to some new directions for the development of medical radionuclides in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.