The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Immune complex deposition is a critical factor in early renal damage associated with lupus nephritis (LN), and targeting plasma cell aggregation offers a promising therapeutic strategy. Ginsenoside compound K (i.e., 20-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) (CK), a derivative of ginsenoside, has indicated significant potential in alleviating renal damage in lupus-prone mice, potentially by modulating B cell dynamics in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, CK (20 or 40 mg/kg) was orally administered to female MRL/lpr mice for 10 weeks. The effects of CK on B cell subpopulations, renal function, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing was employed to analyze gene expression profile and pseudotime trajectories during B cell-mediated renal injury. Additionally, in vitro B cell assays were conducted to explore the role of the sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)-X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) axis in ER stress. Our findings demonstrated that CK effectively reduced anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels, alleviated systemic inflammation, improved renal function, and facilitated the clearance of deposited immune complexes. CK likely suppressed the unfolded protein response (UPR), delaying the differentiation of renal-activated B cells into plasma cells. It promoted B cell-specific SIRT1 activation and inhibited the splicing of XBP1 into its active form, XBP1s. CK also restored ER morphology by interacting with calmodulin (CALM) to maintain ER calcium storage, reinforcing SIRT1 functional integrity and promoting XBP1 deacetylation, thereby limiting plasma cell differentiation. In conclusion, CK mitigates plasma cell accumulation in the renal microenvironment by preventing SIRT1-mediated XBP1 splicing, offering a potential therapeutic approach for LN.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanisms of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signaling axis on apoptosis and autophagy in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in vitro. METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells were divided into the following groups: OGD/R group and non-OGD/R group, with the OGD/R group subjected to OGD/R modeling and the non-OGD/R group receiving no treatment. Cells were also divided into CXCL12⁺ and CXCL12^- groups; the CXCL12⁺ group received 0.1 mg/L exogenous recombinant CXCL12 (rhCXCL12) at reoxygenation, while the CXCL12^- group did not. Another set of cells was divided into CXCL12+AMD3100 and CXCL12 groups; the CXCL12+AMD3100 group was pretreated with 2.5 mg/L AMD3100, a CXCR4 inhibitor, for 2 hours before OGD/R and received both 2.5 mg/L AMD3100 and 0.1 mg/L rhCXCL12 at reoxygenation, whereas the CXCL12 group received rhCXCL12 only. Additionally, cells were divided into small interfering RNA CXCR4 (siCXCR4) and small interfering RNA negative control (siNC) groups; the siCXCR4 group underwent CXCR4 knockdown before OGD/R modeling and received 0.1 mg/L rhCXCL12 at reoxygenation, while the siNC group, transfected with a negative control, received the same treatment. Protein expression of autophagy-related 16 (ATG16), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), aquaporin-3 (AQP3), and CXCR4 was detected by Western blotting. Apoptosis rate and CXCR4 expression were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with the non-OGD/R group, the OGD/R group showed a significantly increased apoptosis rate and markedly decreased protein expression levels of ATG16, LC3, AQP3, and CXCR4 (all P < 0.05). CXCR4 fluorescent expression was also significantly reduced, suggesting that OGD/R simultaneously affects neuronal apoptosis and autophagy while inhibiting CXCR4 and AQP3 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Compared with the CXCL12^- group, the CXCL12⁺ group exhibited no significant change in apoptosis rate but demonstrated significantly increased protein expression of ATG16, LC3, and AQP3 (ATG16/GAPDH: 1.21±0.10 vs. 1.00±0.00; LC3/β-actin: 1.22±0.10 vs. 1.00±0.00; AQP3/β-actin: 1.26±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.00; all P < 0.05). CXCR4 expression was also significantly enhanced (fluorescence intensity: 1.19±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.05), indicating that CXCL12 may promote autophagy in OGD/R-injured SH-SY5Y cells via the CXCR4/AQP3 pathway. Compared with the CXCL12 group, the CXCL12+AMD3100 group showed no significant difference in apoptosis rate but significantly lower protein levels of ATG16 and LC3 (ATG16/GAPDH: 0.75±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.00; LC3/GAPDH: 0.86±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.00; both P < 0.05), suggesting that CXCL12 induces autophagy in OGD/R SH-SY5Y cells through CXCR4. Compared with the siNC group, the siCXCR4 group showed no significant change in apoptosis rate but significantly reduced protein expression of ATG16, LC3, AQP3, and CXCR4 (ATG16/GAPDH: 0.76±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.00; LC3/GAPDH: 0.79±0.11 vs. 1.00±0.00; AQP3/GAPDH: 0.81±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00; CXCR4/GAPDH: 0.86±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.00; all P < 0.05), indicating that CXCR4 knockdown suppresses OGD/R-induced autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells likely via AQP3. CONCLUSIONS The CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis can regulate OGD/R-induced autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells through AQP3 without affecting apoptosis, indicating a role for this pathway in neuronal autophagy during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Humans ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism* ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Neurons/cytology* ; Oxygen/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Hypoxia ; Benzylamines ; Cyclams

Objective : To investigate the effect of laminarin(LAM) on nonproliferative diabetes retinopathy by high throughput sequencing(RNA-seq). Methods : The diabetes model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ), and the effect of LAM on diabetic mice was observed.C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, Model group, and LAM group, with 8 mice in each group. After 8 weeks of modeling, the LAM group received a 4-week intraperitoneal injection of LAM treatment. Changes in blood glucose and body weight of the three groups of mice were recorded, HE staining was performed to examine retinal lesions, and RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in diabetic retinopathy(DR) under the action of STZ and LAM. Results : STZ successfully established the model of DR, and LAM reduced the blood sugar in diabetic mice to a certain extent and improved the pathological morphology of retinal structural looseness in diabetic mice. After RNA-seq analysis of DEGs, it was found that there were a total of 214 DEGs in the retina of the Model group mice compared to the Control group. Enrichment analysis revealed that DR could exacerbate the lesions through the PI3K Akt signaling pathway. There were a total of 42 DEGs in the retina of the Model group and LAM group mice, and enrichment showed that LAM improved the lesions through the neutrophil extracellular trap pathway. Early growth response factor 1(Egr1), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene(Fos), nuclear receptor subfamily 4A member 1(Nr4a1), and salt-induced kinase 1(Sik1) were regulated by STZ, and LAM significantly regulated their expression, which might be closely related to LAM′s treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion DEGs can exacerbate the severity of diabetic retinopathyviathe PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. LAM can mitigate diabetic retinopathyviathe neutrophil extracellular trap pathway. Egr1, Fos, Nr4a1, and Sik1 are key genes involved in LAM treatment of STZ-induced DR.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance defecography(MRD)in moderate or severe pelvic organ prolapse(POP)complicated with stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods Patients with grade Ⅱ or above POP were prospectively selected,and divided into POP combined with SUI group and isolated POP group.The MRD parameters of pelvic dysfunction between groups were analyzed to clarify the clinical diagnostic value and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MRD in POP combined with SUI.Results This study enrolled 99 POP patients,42 patients in isolated POP group,and 57 patients in POP combined with SUI group.The comparison between groups showed there were significant differences in the function of the urethra and bladder,including the position of the urethro-vesical junction(1.61 cm±1.03 cm vs 2.13 cm±0.71 cm),the position of the posterior bladder wall(4.13 cm±2.46 cm vs 5.23 cm±2.21 cm),the urethra angle(94.22°±35.62°vs 114.28°±35.55°),the length of the closed urethra(2.28 cm±0.90 cm vs 2.15 cm±0.65 cm),and bladder funneling(23.81％vs 45.61％),all the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of multiple parameters MRD in the diagnosis of SUI was 0.73.The AUC in diagnosis of SUI by MRD combined with clinical history was 0.95.Conclusion POP combined with SUI has characteristic MRD signs.MRD technology can assist clinicians and improve the preoperative diagnosis rate of moderate and severe POP combined with SUI.

Literature related to children's adenoid hypertrophy was retrieved to form an expert questionnaire.According to the group standard writing rules of the China Association of Chinese Medicine,the peer consultation,quality evaluation and suitability eval-uation were completed through three rounds of Delphi expert questionnaire surveys and expert discussion meetings,and the Clinical Practice Guidelines for TCM in Children with Adenoidal Hypertrophy was finally formed.The guidelines have been formulated to clarify the scope of application of the guidelines,normative reference documents,terms and definitions,diagnosis,syndrome differentiation,treatment,prevention and care,and to provide an important reference for the clinical practice and diagnosis and treatment norms of tra-ditional Chinese medicine for children with adenoid hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is a progressive chronic disease that leads to nerve pain, sensory dissociation, and dyskinesia. Symptoms often do not improve after surgery. Stem cells have been widely explored for the treatment of nervous system diseases due to their immunoregulatory and neural replacement abilities. METHODS: In this study, we used a rat model of syringomyelia characterized by focal dilatation of the central canal to explore an effective transplantation scheme and evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells and induced neural stem cells for the treatment of syringomyelia. RESULTS: The results showed that cell transplantation could not only promote syrinx shrinkage but also stimulate the proliferation of ependymal cells, and the effect of this result was related to the transplantation location. These reactions appeared only when the cells were transplanted into the cavity. Additionally, we discovered that cell transplantation transformed activated microglia into the M2 phenotype. IGF1-expressing M2 microglia may play a significant role in the repair of nerve pain. CONCLUSION Cell transplantation can promote cavity shrinkage and regulate the local inflammatory environment.Moreover, the proliferation of ependymal cells may indicate the activation of endogenous stem cells, which is important for the regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the quantitative analysis results of different patterns of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with coronavirus infection and its relationship with viral load and pathophysiological status. METHODS: A retrospective clinical cohort study was conducted. Patients with coronavirus infection admitted to Qingdao Municipal Hospital from June 9 to 15, 2023 (all patients underwent chest CT examination within 24 hours after diagnosis) were enrolled. The patients were divided into coronavirus infection non-pneumonia group and coronavirus infection associated pneumonia group according to CT findings. Relevant baseline data, such as demographic characteristics, chest CT characteristics, and laboratory indicators within 12 hours before and after CT examination were collected from each group. Spearman correlation test was used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between CT features and laboratory indicators. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of each laboratory index for pneumonia in patients infected with coronavirus. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between different CT patterns such as ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation and ventilatory oxygenation status. RESULTS: A total of 171 patients were enrolled, including 44 patients in the coronavirus infection non-pneumonia group and 127 patients in the coronavirus infection associated pneumonia group (the incidence of pneumonia was 74.3%). Compared with patients with coronavirus infection alone, patients with coronavirus infection associated pneumonia had significantly lower lymphocyte count (LYM), oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂), total lung capacity, GGO volume and GGO ratio, and significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) level, real volume variation and consolidation ratio, the differences were all statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in the nucleocapin protein (N) gene cycle threshold (Ct) value and open reading frame (ORF) gene Ct value between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that, after adjusting for age, gender, CRP level and other related factors, compared with N gene Ct value, ORF gene Ct value, N gene Ct value+LYM, ORF gene Ct value+LYM, the LYM had the most potential diagnosis power for coronavirus infection associated pneumonia. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of LYM for predicting coronavirus infection was 0.703. When the cut-off value of LYM was 0.7×10⁹/L, the sensitivity was 55.5%, and the specificity was 79.5%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, when adjusted for consolidation ratio, age, gender, Hb and D-dimer levels, the GGO ratio in patients with coronavirus infection associated pneumonia was correlated with PaO₂/FiO₂ (β = -2.18, P < 0.001). When adjusted for GGO ratio, age, sex, Hb and D-dimer levels, the proportion of consolidation in patients with coronavirus infection associated pneumonia was correlated with PaCO₂ (β = 0.36, P = 0.004). When adjusted for GGO ratio, the proportion of consolidation in patients with coronavirus infection associated pneumonia was also associated with NLR (β = 0.79, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS LYM could be a potential marker for predicting coronavirus associated pneumonia, and the correlation seems to be independent of viral load. In addition, in the analysis of imaging features, GGO is associated with hypoxia, while consolidation is associated with PaCO₂ level and inflammation. The increased proportion of consolidation in the whole lung may be detrimental to lung ventilation.
Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/diagnostic imaging* ; Viral Load ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging* ; ROC Curve ; Male ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis*

Objective: To investigate the effects of interleukin ( IL) -10 on the proliferation of HaCaT cells and CaCl2 induced expression of differentiation markers and its possible molecular mechanisms． Methods: HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations of IL-10 (0，3，10，30 ng / ml) for different time (0，24，48，72 h) ，cell proliferation was measured using MTS，and cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry．HaCaT cells were pretreated with IL-10 (final concentration 10 ng / ml) for 1 h，then incubated with or without CaCl2 (final concentration 1. 2 mmol / L) for 24，48，72 h ，Western blot was performed to detect the effect of IL-10 on the expression of HaCaT keratinocyte differentiation markers．After pretreatment of HaCaT cells with PD98059，an inhibitor of mitogen-activated kinase-ERK1 /2，and LY294002，an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase-serine / threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) ，the total RNA and proteins were extracted separately，real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to examine the influence of IL-10 on the expression of differentiation markers (Keratin1，Keratin5，Involucrin) . Results : MTS results revealed that IL-10 (30 ng / ml and lower doses) did not alter the proliferation of HaCaT cells in 72 h．Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that IL-10 had no significant influence on cell cycle progression．The results of Western blot showed that IL-10 upregulated the expression of differentiation markers Involucrin，while there was no significant effect on Keratin1 and Keratin5 ．Mechanism research analysis demonstrated that IL-10 could activate ERK1 /2 and AKT ，increase their phosphorylation levels ; RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that PD98059 and LY294002 partially blocked IL-10 induced Involucrin expression． Conclusion At a particular concentration range，IL-10 has little effect on HaCaT proliferation ，but it partially upregulates the expression of differentiation marker Involucrin via the MAPKs-ERK1 /2 and PI3K-AKT pathways.

Objective:To evaluate the value of radiomics in predicting the efficacy of non-operative treatment of esophageal cancer by meta-analysis.Methods:Search terms included "Esophageal Neoplasms", "Esophageal Neoplasms", "Neoplasm, Esophageal", "Esophagus Neoplasm", "Esophagus Neoplasm", "Neoplasm, Esophagus", "Neoplasms, Esophagus", "Neoplasms, Esophageal", "Cancer of Esophagus", "Cancer of the Esophagus", "Esophagus Cancer", "Cancer, Esophagus", "Cancers, Esophagus", "Esophagus Cancers", "Esophageal Cancer", "Cancer, Esophageal", "Cancers, Esophageal", "Esophageal Cancers" and "radiomics", "radiomics features", "radiomic", "texture", "texture analysis", "textural analysis", "histogram", "machine learning", "artificial intelligence", both in English and corresponding Chinese. The Chinese and English literatures related to radiomics prediction of the efficacy of non-surgical treatment of esophageal cancer published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Medical Online and VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform from the establishment of the database to November 2022 were searched, and screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out. Meta analysis was performed by using Stata 15.1, Meta-disc 1.4 and Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:Seventeen literatures of Chinese and English with 1389 patients with esophageal cancer who received non-surgical treatment were included. There was no significant threshold effect in predicting the effect of non-operative treatment of esophageal cancer by radiomics ( r=0.103, P=0.694), and there was high heterogeneity ( I2>50%). The combined sensitivity of all included literatures was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81-0.89), specificity was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.85), positive likelihood ratio was 4.4 (95% CI: 3.5-5.6), and negative likelihood ratio was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.13-0.24). The diagnostic odds ratio was 25 (95% CI: 16-39) and the AUC was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87-0.92). Conclusions:Radiomics can better predict the efficacy of non-surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, MRI and PET/CT radiomics has higher accuracy in predicting the efficacy of esophageal cancer, and machine learning can also improve the accuracy of prediction. It is helpful to make individualized treatment plan and improve the efficiency of treatment by effectively predicting the curative effect of patients with esophageal cancer before treatment.