Background Swimming is becoming increasingly popular for its combined leisure and fitness benefits. However, polluted swimming pool water may pose various health risks. Previous studies have indicated that health indicators of swimming venues have lower qualification rates compared to other public places, highlighting the urgent need to optimize hygiene management measures. Objective To assess the overall hygiene status and identify the key factors influencing water quality in Shanghai’s swimming venues from 2010 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing water quality management. Methods Water quality was assessed in three stages (2010—2019, 2020—2022, and 2023—2024) based on the monitoring data of Shanghai’s swimming venues (2010—2024). The influences of monitoring stage, region, season, scale, day of week, and per capita attendance on water quality were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results From 2010 to 2024, water quality was monitored in 1478 swimming venues. The compliance rates of turbidity, pH, urea, oxidation-reduction potential, free residual chlorine, combined residual chlorine, total bacteria, coliforms, and heat-resistant coliforms in swimming pool water, and free residual chlorine in the foot disinfection basin water samples were 99.56%, 94.73%, 73.00%, 47.50%, 56.55%, 54.12%, 97.74%, 99.49%, 99.90%, and 69.19%, respectively. The overall water quality compliance rate was 85.28%. The main non-compliant indicators for swimming pool water were urea, ORP, free residual chlorine, and combined residual chlorine, along with free chlorine residual in the foot disinfection basin water samples. Using the period before the implementation of the new national standard as reference, the results of logistic regression revealed that the qualification rates of urea, ORP, and free residual chlorine in the swimming pool water samples, as well as free residual chlorine in foot disinfection basin water samples, were significantly higher during the two phases after launching the new standard (2020–2022 and 2023–2024), and the associated odds ratios (95%CI) were 1.28 (1.00, 1.64) and 1.48 (1.12, 1.95), 13.35 (7.63, 23.37) and 10.78 (7.00, 16.60), 2.54 (1.81, 3.58) and 3.18 (2.41, 4.20), and 3.14 (2.14, 4.60) and 2.83 (1.89, 4.23), respectively. Compared with the reference group, those sampled in urban pools and in non-summer seasons showed higher qualification rates of urea and ORP; in contrast, the pools with high visitor flow showed lower qualification rates of free residual chlorine in both water samples of swimming pools and foot disinfection basins (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of the new national standard has effectively enhanced the management standards and significantly improved overall water quality of swimming venues in Shanghai. However, the compliance rates of free residual chlorine and urea in swimming pool water still need further improvement. The compliance of some indicators is influenced by region, season, scale, and average passenger flow, particularly in small suburban swimming venues. Future efforts should focus on refining water quality management strategies and enhancing public health management.

As the most common phenotype of type 1 neurofibromatosis(NF1),plexiform neurofibromas(pNF)exhibit early asymptomatic presentation but multisite involvement,with a risk of progression.Imaging serves as vital tool for evaluation and management of NF1-associated pNF.The progresses of imaging for evaluating NF1-related pNF were reviewed in this article.

Aim To investigate the effect of N6-methy-ladenosine(m6A)demethylase ALKBH5 on the prolif-eration and migration of cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)in-duced by high glucose.Methods Primary CFs were isolated from neonatal mouse hearts and identified u-sing optical and confocal microscopy.Cell activation was induced using a high-glucose medium(33 mmol·L-1 glucose).An ALKBH5 overexpression model was established by transfecting CFs with an ALKBH5 ex-pression vector in a high-glucose medium.The expres-sion of ALKBH5 in CFs was assessed through immuno-fluorescence staining,Western blot and RT-qPCR.Changes in m6A levels were evaluated using Dot blot a-nalysis.Additionally,Alterations in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and collagenⅠ,a pivotal fibrosis indicator,were measured using Western blot.The proliferation and migration ability of CFs were assessed through EdU staining and Transwell migration assay,respectively.Results Following treatment with high glucose,the expression of ALKBH5 in CFs notably decreased,while m6A level increased.This was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the fi-brosis marker collagen Ⅰ.Additionally,there was a sig-nificant improvement in the ability of proliferation and migration.Overexpression of ALKBH5 resulted in a significant decrease in the expressions of PCNA and collagen Ⅰ,leading to the inhibition of both proliferation and migration in CFs.Conclusion Overexpression of ALKBH5 suppresses the expression of PCNA and colla-gen Ⅰ,consequently reducing the proliferation and mi-gration of CFs,potentially through m6A methylation modification.

Objective:To investigate the differential effects of proton FLASH irradiation and conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation on human normal liver cells WRL68 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2.Methods:Using a 100 MeV high-current proton cyclotron accelerator, WRL68 and HepG2 cells were subjected to CONV (0.8 Gy/min) and FLASH (40 Gy/s) irradiation with 4 Gy protons. After irradiation, changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were detected at different time points. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze alterations in the gene expression profiles of the two cell lines.Results:For WRL68 cells, compared with CONV irradiation, proton FLASH irradiation enhanced cell proliferative activity ( t=10.18-16.67, P<0.05), reduced the apoptotic rate ( t=3.21-8.30, P<0.05), and decreased the proportion of cells arrested in the G 2 phase at the same time points ( t=34.08-65.16, P<0.05). In contrast, for HepG2 cells, proton FLASH irradiation significantly inhibited cell proliferation ( t=2.57-9.39, P<0.05), increased the apoptotic rate ( t=3.25-66.70, P<0.05), and similarly induced cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G 2 phase ( t=10.87-27.47, P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing identified 906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the FLASH group and the CONV group in WRL68 cells, and 1 243 DEGs were detected in HepG2 cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of these DEGs suggested that cellular adhesion and oxygen effect may serve as crucial microscopic mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy. Conclusions:Under proton FLASH irradiation, the radiation-induced damage to human normal liver cells was significantly alleviated, whereas the damage to hepatocellular carcinoma cells was aggravated. The identified DEGs are involved in multiple radiobiological functional pathways.

As the most common phenotype of type 1 neurofibromatosis(NF1),plexiform neurofibromas(pNF)exhibit early asymptomatic presentation but multisite involvement,with a risk of progression.Imaging serves as vital tool for evaluation and management of NF1-associated pNF.The progresses of imaging for evaluating NF1-related pNF were reviewed in this article.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sirtuin 2(SIRT2) on the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)in C57BL/6 mice under angiotensin II(Ang Ⅱ) stimulation. Methods : The hearts were taken from 1 to 2 days C57BL/6 milk mice. After cutting and digesting, CFs were extracted by different adhesion centrifugation. After CFs attachment, the cells were cultured under control medium and Ang Ⅱ(100 nmol/L) medium and treated using OE-SIRT2 plasmid to overexpression the SIRT2 gene. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression of SIRT2 proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), periostin(POSTN)and type Ⅰ collagen procollagen A1(Col1A1), Western blot assay was used to measure the protein expression levels of SIRT2, PCNA, POSTN and Col1A1, CCK-8 assay and EdU assay were used to evaluate CFs proliferation rate, Transwell experiment was used to assess CFs migration activity. Results: Compared with control group, Ang Ⅱ stimulation led to down-regulation of SIRT2 expression in CFs, increased collagen expression, and promoted CFs proliferation and migration. The expression of SIRT2 was up regulated in CFs treated with OE-SIRT2 plasmid under Ang Ⅱ stimulation, Col1A1, POSTN and PCNA expression was down regulated, and CFs proliferation and migration ability decreased. Conclusion Overexpression of SIRT2 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of CFs under Ang Ⅱ stimulation, indicating that SIRT2 may be a key regulatory point in the onset and progression of cardiac fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the differential effects of proton FLASH irradiation and conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation on human normal liver cells WRL68 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2.Methods:Using a 100 MeV high-current proton cyclotron accelerator, WRL68 and HepG2 cells were subjected to CONV (0.8 Gy/min) and FLASH (40 Gy/s) irradiation with 4 Gy protons. After irradiation, changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were detected at different time points. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze alterations in the gene expression profiles of the two cell lines.Results:For WRL68 cells, compared with CONV irradiation, proton FLASH irradiation enhanced cell proliferative activity ( t=10.18-16.67, P<0.05), reduced the apoptotic rate ( t=3.21-8.30, P<0.05), and decreased the proportion of cells arrested in the G 2 phase at the same time points ( t=34.08-65.16, P<0.05). In contrast, for HepG2 cells, proton FLASH irradiation significantly inhibited cell proliferation ( t=2.57-9.39, P<0.05), increased the apoptotic rate ( t=3.25-66.70, P<0.05), and similarly induced cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G 2 phase ( t=10.87-27.47, P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing identified 906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the FLASH group and the CONV group in WRL68 cells, and 1 243 DEGs were detected in HepG2 cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of these DEGs suggested that cellular adhesion and oxygen effect may serve as crucial microscopic mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy. Conclusions:Under proton FLASH irradiation, the radiation-induced damage to human normal liver cells was significantly alleviated, whereas the damage to hepatocellular carcinoma cells was aggravated. The identified DEGs are involved in multiple radiobiological functional pathways.

Objective To predict the potential suitability distribution of Vitex negundo in China;To analyze the key environmental factors influencing its suitability distribution.Methods Based on the geographic distribution data of Vitex negundo from 196 sites across China and 55 environmental variables,the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)model and ArcGIS 10.2 were employed to predict the potential distribution of suitable habitats for Vitex negundo in China.Results The constructed MaxEnt prediction model demonstrated high reliability.The primary environmental factors influencing the suitable distribution of Vitex negundo included the average temperature from June to October,precipitation in April and November,the mean temperature of the warmest season,soil type,and vegetation type.The predicted suitable habitats for Vitex negundo would be widely distributed,primarily concentrated in Jiangxi,central and southern Anhui,northwestern Zhejiang,eastern and northeastern Hunan,as well as eastern and southeastern Hubei.Conclusion The predicted potential distribution of Vitex negundo in China can provide a valuable reference for the conservation and sustainable utilization of this medicinal resource.