OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of transurethral steam thermal ablation of the prostate as an ultra-minimally invasive treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We treated 18 BPH patients by transurethral steam thermal ablation of the prostate in our hospital, and followed them up for 6－12 months after operation. We obtained the IPSS, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), IIEF-5 scores, Male Sexual Health Questionnaire-Ejaculatory Dysfunction-Short Form (MSHQ-EjD-SF) scores and quality of life (QOL) scores from the patients and compared them before and after surgery. RESULTS: Operations were successfully completed in all the cases, with no intraoperative complications, and all the patients were discharged on the second day after surgery. At the 6-month follow-up after surgery, the Qmax increased from (10.08 ± 2.06) ml/s before surgery to (7.51 ± 3.21) ml/s, the IPSS decreased from 23.72 ± 1.87 to 8.06 ± 1.39, and the QOL score decreased from 5.11 ± 0.58 before surgery to 1.28 ± 0.46. The differences in these indicators were statistically significant (P<0.05). And these is no significant difference in the MSHQ-EjD-SF and IIEF-5 score(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Transurethral steam thermal ablation of the prostate is a safe, effective and almost non-invasive surgical strategy for the treatment of BPH, with a good prospect of clinical application.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Steam ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate/methods* ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transurethral water vapor thermal therapy (WVTT) using the Rezūm system for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the real world. METHODS: A total of 181 patients with BPH were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2022 to December 2023, of whom 173 patients were treated with WVTT using the Rezūm system, while 8 patients were treated with WVTT combined with TURP. They were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively to assess changes in the IPSS, QoL, Qmax, IIEF-5, and the occurrence of any complications. Results： All 181 surgeries in this group were successfully completed. The operation time of the Rezūm system was (4.6 ± 1.4) minutes. The postoperative indwelling catheterization time was (8.0 ± 2.1) days. With a follow-up of at least 6 months, there was a significant decrease in PV, IPSS and QoL, and a remarkable increase had been found in Qmax as well (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IIEF-5 before and after the operation (P>0.05). In this groups of patients, postoperative complications mainly included 95 cases (52.5%) of gross hematuria, 6 cases (3.3%) of retrograde ejaculation, 5 cases (2.8%) of urethral stricture, 4 cases (2.2%) of prostatitis, and 10 cases (5.5%) of urinary tract infection. Four cases (2.2%) underwent surgical retreatment for BPH after surgery. CONCLUSION In the real world, the use of Rezūm thermal steam ablation system for the treatment of BPH has satisfactory short-term effect, short surgical time, and significant improvement in IPSS, QoL, Qmax, which does not adversely affect sexual function.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/therapy* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Steam ; Treatment Outcome ; Quality of Life ; Aged ; Middle Aged

To address the limitations of traditional minimally invasive thermal ablation technology such as poor conformability, carbonization and electromagnetic radiation, this paper proposes a steam thermal ablation technology that uses saturated steam internal energy to replace the traditional electromagnetic radiation energy. Through the steam thermal ablation system and the steam thermal ablation needle designed based on simulation, the ex vivo pig liver experiments were carried out. The results have the characteristics of the maximum ablation axis ratio (short diameter / long diameter) and non-carbonization with the same type of thermal ablation technology. Based on the near-infrared light, in this paper the curative effect of the reduced scattering coefficient of the steam thermal ablation results was evaluated. The reduced scattering coefficients of the coagulation area all exceeded 16, reaching the completely damaged state, which verified that the steam thermal ablation can effectively inactivate the tumor cells.
Steam ; Animals ; Swine ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery* ; Ablation Techniques/methods* ; Liver/surgery* ; Equipment Design

This study compared the changes in chemical components during the processing of different types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) in "Jianchang" faction, i.e., dried ginger-steamed ALRP pieces(Yin-FP), sand-fried ALRP pieces(Yang-FP), and rice swill water-bleached ALRP pieces(DFP), and provided a scientific basis for the mechanism in toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement from a compositional perspective. Samples were collected during the processing of the three types of ALRP pieces, yielding raw ALRP pieces, water-bleached Yin-FP, ginger juice-moistened Yin-FP, steamed Yin-FP, water-bleached Yang-FP, sand-fried Yang-FP, water-bleached DFP, rice swill water-bleached DFP, and roasted DFP. Aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, aconine, mesaconine, hypaconine, salsolinol, fuziline, and higenamine in the extracts were determined by UPLC-MS/MS, and then content analysis and cluster heatmap analysis were performed on 11 sets of samples. During the processing of the three types of ALRP pieces, bleaching significantly reduced the content of 12 alkaloids; steaming, stir-frying, and roasting significantly reduced the content of diester-type alkaloids(aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine) and significantly increased the content of monoester-type alkaloids(benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, and benzoylhypaconine) and aminoalcohol-type alkaloids(aconine, mesaconine, and hypaconine). During the processing of Yin-FP, the diester-type alkaloids continuously decreased, while the monoester-type and aminoalcohol-type alkaloids showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. During the processing of Yin-FP, Yang-FP, and DFP, the diester-type alkaloids continuously decreased, while the monoester-type and aminoalcohol-type alkaloids showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. Steamed Yin-FP showed a higher increase in content than fried Yang-FP and roasted DFP. Comprehensive analysis of content differences in toxic and therapeutic components in three ALRP pieces suggests that the distinctive processing methods in "Jianchang" faction can indeed achieve detoxification and efficacy enhancement on ALRP. This study provides references for understanding the mechanisms of action of the three processing methods.
Aconitine/analysis* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Zingiber officinale ; Oryza ; Sand ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Alkaloids/analysis* ; Steam

Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Steam

Agarwood is a traditional and precious medicinal material and natural spice in China and other southeast Asian countries.As the head of all spices,agarwood has many pharmacological activities such as analgesia,antidiarrheal,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Due to its high price and scarce resources,there were just a few previous studies on it,mainly focusing on the chemical compositions of the agarwood essential oil and solvent extract mixture. The components of agarwood oils obtained by supercritical extraction and steam distillation were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer( GC-MS),and then the agarwood oils compositions and contents were compared between the traditional extraction method and the recently emerging supercritical extraction method. Antioxidant experiments of scavenging DPPH,ABTS,hydroxyl radical,total reducing power and MIC experiments of five kinds of tester strains such as staphylococcus aureus were combined to illustrate the differences between these two kinds of agarwood oils in terms of antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities. The results showed that the main components of agarwood oil were sesquiterpenoids( 68. 68%) in steam distillation extraction method,but sesquiterpenoids( 23. 78%) and chromones( 29. 42%) in supercritical extraction method. Fourteen common components included benzyl acetone,α-santalol,γ-eudesmol,agarospirol and guaiol etc. The antioxidant activity and inhibitory MIC of agarwood oils in supercritical extraction method were better than those in steam distillation method,and the inhibitory effect of agarwood oil on the growth of bacillus subtilis was found for the first time.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; China ; Distillation/methods* ; Oils, Volatile/pharmacology* ; Plant Oils/pharmacology* ; Steam ; Thymelaeaceae/chemistry* ; Wood/chemistry*

Based on the ancient method of nine-steaming and nine-sun-curing,the chemical composition changes and quality profiles in different processes of Polygoni Multiflori Radix were studied. Their contents of stilbene glycoside,anthraquinones and polysaccharides were determined by nine-steaming and nine-sun-curing with black bean juice and pharmacopoeia method. HPLC chemical fingerprints were established,and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA) was performed on different processed products using SIMCA 14. 1 software to evaluate the quality difference between samples. The results of content determination show that,with the increase of the number of processing and steaming times,the stilbene glycoside and the combined anthraquinone showed a decreasing trend,and the free anthraquinone,total anthraquinone and polysaccharide showed an upward trend in the different preparations of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Pharmacopoeia. Six-steamed and six-sun-cured products can be used as the finishing point for the classic steaming. Fingerprint results showed that there were significant differences in chemical composition in Polygoni Multiflori Radix at different processing processes. It can be identified stilbene glycoside( peak 13),emodin( peak 21),and physcion( peak 24). By comparing the relative peak areas of the 26 chromatographic peaks in the sample after normalization( the reference is peak 7),it was found that the relative peak areas of 12 peaks in the processed products were higher than the raw products,13 peaks were reduced; according to statistical analysis of OPLS-DA,Polygoni Multiflori Radix at different processing degrees was further divided into three categories,sample S1 was class I,S2-S5 were class Ⅱ,and S6-S11 were class Ⅲ． And 8 peaks with the VIP value higher than 1. 0 were peak 13,21,4,3,11,14,5,and 24 in order. The eight chemical components were the main components to distinguish the difference between Polygoni Multiflori Radix in the process of nine-steaming and nine-sun-curing,suggesting that it was rational to use stilbene glycoside,emodin and emodin methyl ether as quality control indicators of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. The method established in this experiment conformed to the methodological verification requirements,established a method of multi-component content determination combined with fingerprint,and clarified that six-steaming and six-sun-curing was used as an improved classical processing technology,and more clearly defined the whole dynamic change of chemical composition in Polygoni Multiflori Radix by nine-steaming and ninesun-curing process. It provides a basis for the chemical quality evaluation model about different processed products of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.
Anthraquinones/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Glycosides/analysis* ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Phytochemicals/analysis* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Polygonum/chemistry* ; Polysaccharides/analysis* ; Steam ; Stilbenes/analysis* ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods*

steam (14%). Seven infants of eight steam burn patients injured by pressure cooker. Superficial second degree was the most common depth of injury (72%) followed by first degree (17%) and deep second degree (8%). Average age per injury type was calculated by independent T-test. Average ages of patients with contact and steam burns were significantly lower (7.06 months; P=0.19) and higher (9.25 months; P=0.005), respectively, than for other burn types.CONCLUSION: Given that infants cannot control their body movements, talk, or manage by themselves, they are entirely dependent on the proper care of adults. Consequently, in addition to the prevention of burns, special care should be taken for the pressure cooker.]]>
Adult ; Burns ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Steam

BACKGROUND: Dry sauna has been very popular as an alternative therapy for promoting health among people who want to improve their health condition without relying on pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dry sauna therapy improved quality of life and reduced pain in participants with low back pain.METHODS: Study participants comprised a total of 37 consecutive patients who were over 20 years of age with low back pain. Dry sauna therapy was performed twice per day for 5 consecutive days over the course of 1 week, thus comprising a total of 10 sessions each of 15 min of exposure to a 90℃ dry sauna.RESULTS: The verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were significantly reduced after dry sauna therapy (P < 0.001 for both). VNRS pain scores had a median (range) of 5 (2–8) before dry sauna therapy and 3 (0–8) after dry sauna therapy. ODI scores had a median (range) of 12 (2–24) before dry sauna therapy and 8 (1–17) after dry sauna therapy. The proportion of participants who reported successful treatment (excellent + good) was 70%. No adverse effects were observed related to dry sauna therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that dry sauna therapy may be useful to improve quality of life and reduce pain in patients with low back pain. Therefore, pain physicians can recommend dry sauna therapy as an alternative and complimentary therapy for patients with low back pain.
Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Quality of Life ; Steam Bath

Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and Cuscuta japonica Choisy are parasitic plants. C. chinensis seeds were traditionally used for treatment of kidney and liver deficiencies. C. japonica seeds were used as tonic medicine to improve liver function and strengthen kidneys, treatment of high blood pressure, chronic diarrhea, and sore eyes. Cuscutae Semen are seeds of only C. chinensis in Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (K.H.P.). The developed HPLC-PDA method easily, accurately, and sensitively quantified using eight marker compounds [hyperoside (1), astragalin, (2), quercetin (3), kaempferol (4), chlorogenic acid (5), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7), and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8)]. In addition, the method may be used to distinguish seeds between C. chinensis Lam. and C. japonica Choisy. Furthermore, the result from the current study was applied to clarify samples between steam processed and unprocessed samples of C. chinensis by pattern analysis.
Chlorogenic Acid ; Cuscuta ; Diarrhea ; Flavonoids ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Liver ; Methods ; Quality Control ; Quercetin ; Semen ; Steam