Background:: Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by defective skin barrier function. Laos is a low resource setting located in South East Asia region which very few studies related to skin health have been conducted. Objectives: : This study aimed to clinical Screening and Treatment of Eczema: A Prospective Study among Children under 5 Years Old Presenting to Children’s Hospital, Setthathilath Hospital and Mahosot Hospital, Lao PDR Methodology: : This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design study, conducted from May to November 2023. In all, 478 children attended OPD with a skin complaint. Children visited the Outpatient department in Children’s Hospital, Setthathilath Hospital, Mahosot Hospital, of whom 208 children diagnosed with eczema were included in study. Results: : Among 208 children, 130 (62.5%) had flexor involvement and 78 (37.5%) had extensor involvement. The main drugs used for treatment were emollient cream and topical corticosteroids in 157 (75.48%) From a clinical point of view, these findings are often a source of parental anxiety and medical concern for in experienced clinicians. Conclusion: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) in Lao children is often a source of parental anxiety and presents management challenges for in experienced clinicians, correct diagnosis and parental counselling may relieve anxiety. General paediatricians should be able to reassure parents of children with eczema and manage skin lesions using emollients and topical corticosteroids.

Background: : Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children. The incidence of cancer in children under the age of 15 year varies worldwide. Despite significant advances in the treatment and early detection, cancer is the second major cause of child mortality in developed world. In some developed countries such as Australia, Ireland, Switzerland and the United States, the incidence of childhood cancer has been estimated at 140 - 160 per 1 million children. Objectives: : To determine the outcomes of induction treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at Children Hospital, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Methodology:: A prospective descriptive study at Hematology - Oncology department, Children hospital, in Vientiane Capital, Laos.From December 2021 to November 2022. The include criteria was the newly acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received chemotherapy treatment during induction phase. The descriptive statistic was analyzed with SPSS version 26 and reported by table, chart with frequency Results: : A total participants 36 newly acute lymphoblastic leukemia including the male was higher the female, the clinical profile showed fever and pale were most common, during the induction were including the complication of specific treatment and supportive treatment. Seven (19.4%) patients died due to infection the pathogen of hemoculture were acetobacter, klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa and ESBL, bleeding and tumor lysis syndrome during the course of induction therapy. After induction therapy twenty-two (61.1%) patients went into the complete remission (<5%blast cells in bone marrow), five patients (13.9%) was not in remission (>5%blast cells in the bone marrow).Seven (19.4%) patients died and 2 patients were refuse of treatment including the problem of financial and family. Conclusion: The rate of complete remission of induction therapy and death during induction therapy of the outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia was high, the male of remission is higher than female and the most classification of risk group was high risk group. The feature of clinical acute lymphoblastic leukemia paediatric was fever and pallor. The majority cause of death is infection.

Background: : Hypertension (HTN) is becoming an increasingly recognized health problem and a major problem in low-and middle-income countries. The obesity epidemic has seen increasing diagnoses of hypertension in children, who are more likely to go on to have hypertension as adults. For all patients, the goal of identifying and treating hypertension is to prevent end-organ damage and reduce mortality. Methods: : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 inpatients aged 1-15 years who were screened for hypertension during their admission from July 1st, 2021 to Jan 31st, 2022. The study used a multistage sampling method and face-to-face interviews with children and caregivers. The questionnaire was developed and pre-tested before data collection commenced. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. Results: : Among 309 children screened for hypertension during admission, the prevalence of hypertension was 12.6 %. Hypertension was most frequently identified among 6 to 10-year-olds (39.0%). High blood pressure was more frequent in males (56.1 %) than females (43.9 %). The factors associated with high blood pressure included overweight/obesity (P<.001) and underlying renal disease (P< 0.05). The most common cause was secondary hypertension 84.6% (Sepsis-induced AKI 36.4%, Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis 21.2%, SLE with nephritis 12.1%). The most common symptoms were headache (65.8% in HTN stage II, 29.0% in HTN stage I), nausea (64.7% in HTN stage II, 32.4% in HTN stage I) and vomiting (58.6% in HTN stage II and 38.0% in HTN stage I). Seizures and coma only occurred in HTN stage II. For the treatment of hypertension, calcium channel blockers were used in the majority (56.4%). The mortality rate in our study was 10.3%. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of hypertension among admitted children in our study, with the highest number aged 6 to 10 years and associations with overweight/obesity and underlying renal disease. Most cases were secondary HTN and mortality among this specific population was high and warrants exploration of underlying reasons. In addition, understanding how to use the identification of HTN during admission to provide preventative interventions would seem critical.