Background: : Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents an escalating global health concern. Medical students, as future prescribers and stewards of antimicrobials, play a critical role in combating AMR. However, inappropriate antibiotic use, such as unnecessary continuation of prophylaxis for common colds, persists among practitioners. Resistant infections can prolong treatment duration and increase mortality risk, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Objective: : To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of sixth year medical students regarding antibiotic use before and after exposure to the Lao adult and pediatric Antimicrobial Prescribing guidelines. Methodology: : A before and after study was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered via face-to-face interviews to test student knowledge. Students were exposed to prescribing guidelines by the percentage of students with high or low knowledge scores before and after the intervention were compared. Results: : A total of 134 students participated; 52.2% were female, with a mean age of 20.78 years. Most students (82.8%) had completed high school, and 61.2% resided in Vientiane capital. Pre-intervention assessment revealed that 72.4% of students demonstrated low knowledge of adult antimicrobial prescribing, which improved post intervention, with 65.7% achieving a high knowledge level. Similarly, for pediatrics antimicrobial prescribing, 73.1% exhibited low knowledge pre-intervention, improving to 56.7% with high knowledge post-intervention. Conclusion: The introduction of the Lao antimicrobial prescribing guidelines significantly enhanced sixth year medical students’ knowledge of antimicrobial use. Following over one month of guideline exposure and hospital-based training, most students demonstrated improved knowledge to apply appropriate prescribing practices.

Rationale and Background: : Maternal anxiety is sometimes considered a normal response to stress or danger and part of the usual human experience. However, it might become a medical condition if happened exaggerated. Anxiety during pregnancy is the most common of psychological problems and estimated to affect between 15 and 23% of women and is associated with increased risk for a range of negative maternal and child outcomes. Objectives: : Describe the difference between high risk pregnant and low risk pregnant related to Anxiety during pregnancy at Mother and children hospital Vientiane capital a Lao PDR. Methodology: : This study was cross-sectional, descriptive study among the pregnant women both in high-risk and low-risk pregnancy conducted from June to December 2023 of the 351 sample size. Data were collected by using questionnaire interviewed face to face for social demographic, obstetric information also medical history and PASS self-rated questionnaire for investigating anxiety symptoms. The data were entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: : Of 351 pregnant women, low-risk pregnancy was 57.6% and 42,4% was high-risk pregnancy, these high-risk pregnancy complications for 149 samples shown 21.5% were Advanced maternal age, followed by 17.6% for Anemia and Gestational diabetes mellitus, 14.1% were maternal overweight, 9.4% was previous caesarean, and 12.8% for others. The total PASS score among participants ranged from 0-93 and the mean was 16.3 (SD 11.3) with median 14. There were 109 pregnant women (31.1%) whose PASS score was 21 or higher, and they were defined as they have anxiety symptoms during pregnancy in this study, the incidence of high-risk (n=46, 30.9%) with mild to moderate symptoms (n=41, 27.5%) and Severe symptoms (n=5, 3.4%), also Low-risk group (n=63, 31.1%) with mild to moderate symptoms (n=59, 29.1%) and Severe symptoms (n=4, 2%). Conclusion: the study concludes that the incidence of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy was 31.1% among pregnant women in the Mother and children hospital in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR and associated with social demographic information, Obstetric profile and Medical history. However this study found negative finding that there were no different of anxiety levels comparative of two groups even Low-risk pregnancies has fewer complications and good quality maternal health status.

Background and Rationale: : Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a gram-negative bacterium infecting over half of the global population (approximately 4.4 billion people in 2015) and represents the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection worldwide. Hp is classified as a human carcinogen, responsible for about 5.5% of all malignancies and 80–90% of the global gastric cancer (GC) burden, which ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Objectives: : This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection through stool antigen detection in symptomatic Lao patients attending the Department of Gastroenterology at Setthathilath Hospital, Vientiane capital, Lao PDR Methodology: : A prospective descriptive study was conducted, collecting data via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Patients received standard triple therapy consisting of Esomeprazole, Amoxycillin and Clarythomycin. Results: : The study enrolled 110 participants, predominantly female (56.4%) with ages ranging from 24 to 77 years and the majority (53.6%) aged between 36 and 55 years. Common clinical symptoms included epigastric pain (67.3%), fever (59.1%), melena (49.1%), bleeding per rectum (32.7%) and vomiting (31.8%). At the six month follow up, 52 patients (47.3%) were lost to follow up. Among the 58 patients who attended follow up, 87.9% tested negative for H. pylori stool antigen. Conclusion: Antibiotic therapy demonstrated high effectiveness in eradicating H.pylori infection among patients in Vientiane, with only seven individuals remaining positive at 6 months, likely due to treatment non-adherence.

Background:: Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by defective skin barrier function. Laos is a low resource setting located in South East Asia region which very few studies related to skin health have been conducted. Objectives: : This study aimed to clinical Screening and Treatment of Eczema: A Prospective Study among Children under 5 Years Old Presenting to Children’s Hospital, Setthathilath Hospital and Mahosot Hospital, Lao PDR Methodology: : This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design study, conducted from May to November 2023. In all, 478 children attended OPD with a skin complaint. Children visited the Outpatient department in Children’s Hospital, Setthathilath Hospital, Mahosot Hospital, of whom 208 children diagnosed with eczema were included in study. Results: : Among 208 children, 130 (62.5%) had flexor involvement and 78 (37.5%) had extensor involvement. The main drugs used for treatment were emollient cream and topical corticosteroids in 157 (75.48%) From a clinical point of view, these findings are often a source of parental anxiety and medical concern for in experienced clinicians. Conclusion: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) in Lao children is often a source of parental anxiety and presents management challenges for in experienced clinicians, correct diagnosis and parental counselling may relieve anxiety. General paediatricians should be able to reassure parents of children with eczema and manage skin lesions using emollients and topical corticosteroids.

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) also known as myeloid sarcoma, chloroma, myeloblastoma, or extramedullary myeloid tumor is a neoplasm composed of immature myeloid cells. The common sites of involvement include bone, central nervous system, soft tissue, lymph nodes, and skin. The involvement of GS in breast tissue is very rare. The incidence of breast GS is 2/1,000,000 in adults. Those affected range in age from 16 to 72 years, with the mean age of 31 years. Primary, isolated, or non-leukemic GS of the breast is defined when bone marrow biopsy confirms the absence of other hematologic malignancy. We here report a case of granulocytic sarcoma of the left breast in a 33 year-old woman who presented with a breast mass. She was initially diagnosed as having diffuse lymphoma, large cell type on Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) histopathology. The tumor cells were, however, strongly positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO), CD117, CD34, and CD43 but negative for CD45, CD20, CD3, or cytokeratin. Although further clinical information, such as complete blood count or aspiration biopsy of bone marrow tissue, was absent, we finally diagnosed this case as GS by additional immunohistochemical study. What happened to the patient?