Collagen membrane has attracted much attention from researchers due to its excellent properties such as wide source, degradable absorption, and low immunogenicity. However, they are limited by poor mechanical stability and rapid degradation. To enhance their physicochemical properties and biological functions, researchers have developed various strategies, including cross-linking, incorporation of growth factors or drugs, combination with other biomaterials, optimization of composition and structure, and substitution with marine-derived collagen. These advances aim to expand the clinical applications of collagen membranes in oral medicine. With the urgent demand for high-performance biomaterials in oral medicine, summarizing recent progress on collagen membranes provides valuable insights into their mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and limitations, offering reference for optimized design and broader clinical use. Furthermore, further trends may include integrating advanced manufacturing technologies to develop personalized collagen membranes, which could significantly improve therapeutic outcomes in oral diseases.
Collagen/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Membranes, Artificial ; Oral Medicine/methods* ; Tissue Engineering/methods*

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that nucleic acid-based therapies are promising for atherosclerosis. However, nearly all nucleic acid delivery systems developed for atherosclerosis necessitate injection, which results in rapid elimination and poor patient compliance. Consequently, oral delivery strategies capable of targeting atherosclerotic plaques are imperative for nucleic acid therapeutics. Herein we report the development of yeast-derived capsules (YCs) packaging an antisense oligonucleotide (AM33) targeting microRNA-33 (miR-33) for the oral treatment of atherosclerosis. YCs provide stability for AM33, preventing its premature release in the gastrointestinal tract. AM33-containing YCs, defined as YAM33, showed high transfection in macrophages, thus promoting cholesterol efflux and inhibiting foam cell formation by regulating the target genes/proteins of miR-33. Orally delivered YAM33 effectively accumulated within atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE ^-/- mice, primarily by transepithelial absorption via M cells in Peyer's patches and subsequent translocation via macrophages through the lymphatic system. Inhibition of miR-33 by oral YAM33 significantly delayed the progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, oral treatment with YCs co-delivering AM33 and atorvastatin afforded significantly enhanced anti-atherosclerotic effects. Our findings suggest that yeast-based microcapsules represent an effective carrier for oral delivery of nucleic acids, either alone or in combination with existing drugs, offering a promising approach for precision therapy of atherosclerotic diseases.

Objective To provide an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced infections by preparing platelet membrane-modified catalase/silica nanoparticles(PCNP)capable of targeting leukocytes.Methods PCNP and catalase/silica nanoparticles(CNP)were prepared by using platelet membrane,catalase(CAT)and silica,and its biological safety was preliminarily evaluated with cell survival test,hemolysis test and acute toxicity test in mice after tail vein administration;The culture medium,FITC labeled(FITC+)PCNP and FITC labeled(FITC+)CNP were co-incubated with human peripheral blood B lymphocytes(AHH-1)and mouse monocyte macrophages(RAW264.7),respectively.Thus,there were control group,FITC+PCNP group and FITC+CNP group of AHH-1 and RAW264.7 cells.Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the intracellular fluorescence intensity of PCNP to evaluate the leukocytes targeting function.AHH-1 cells were divided into control,irradiation,platelet membrane,CNP(100 μg/mL)and PCNP(100 μg/mL)groups.After corresponding co-incubation,the cell media were exposed to6 Gy Co60 γ irradiation.The generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and cell apoptosis were measured to determine the effect of nanoparticles on reducing radiation injury of leukocytes.Twenty C57BL/6 male mice(weighing 18～20 g)were randomly divided into irradiation group(n=10)and 10 mg/kg PCNP group(n=10).In 2 h after corresponding agents were injected into the mice through tail vein,the mice received whole-body irradiation of 5 Gy Co60 γ ray,and then in 2 h later,they were given intraperitoneal injection of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MDR-AB).The infection inhibitory effect of PCNP after irradiation was evaluated by detecting the bacterial load in main organs.Results The hydration particle of PCNP is 91.3 nm in size,and does not exhibit significant cytotoxicity or hemolytic toxicity at concentrations＜400 μg/mL.Intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg PCNP resulted in normal increase in the body weight but no obvious pathological changes in the major organs such as the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,and kidneys.In AHH-1 and RAW264.7 cells,PCNP showed significant advantages in targeting compared to the FITC+CNP group[(15.45±3.48)%vs(9.33±2.03)%,P＜0.01;(11.25±2.08)%vs(7.06±0.71)%,P＜0.001].PCNP also effectively reduced the generation of ROS[(22.73±3.71)%vs(60.90±9.08)%,P＜0.001]and apoptotic rate[(9.84±0.92)%vs(38.96±3.62)%,P＜0.001]in AHH-1 cells.In in vitro study,bacterial colonization after irradiation showed that there was significantly less MDR-AB colonies in the spleen of mice intervened with PCNP than those of the irradiation group[(17.50±1.38)×104 vs(13.20±2.29)×106 CFU/g,P＜0.001].Conclusion PCNP can effectively inhibit the complications of radiation infection in mice,which is due to its direct protective effect on leukocytes.

This article reported a prenatally diagnosed case of complete ring chromosome 15. A 38-year-old woman who conceived by in vitro fertilization and frozen embryo transfer underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis at 18 +5 weeks of gestation due to advanced maternal age. The result of G-banding karyotyping was mos 46,XX,r(15)[88]/45,X,-15[11]/46,XX,r(15;15)[1]. No numerical abnormalities of chromosomes or definite pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were detected by chromosomal microarray analysis. Amniocentesis was performed again at 31 +6 weeks of gestation. The result of genome copy number variation sequencing indicated no pathogenic CNV and fluorescence in situ hybridization on cultured amniocytes revealed nuc ish(15q)×1[15]/(15q)×3[5]/(15q)×2[80]. Based on all the prenatal diagnosis results, it was suggested that the fetus carried a complete ring chromosome 15. As the peripheral blood chromosomes of the couple were normal and no obvious abnormalities were detected by the prenatal ultrasound either in our hospital or another hospital, the pregnant woman decided to continue the pregnancy after genetic counseling and delivered a baby girl at 41 weeks of gestation. The girl showed no physical abnormalities during a seven-month follow-up.

Objective To observe prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of fetal rhomboencephalosynapsis(RES).Methods Data of 15 singletons with RES were retrospectively analyzed,and the prenatal intracranial and extracranial ultrasonic manifestations were observed.Results All 15 fetuses were found with transverse cerebellar diameter lower than the 3rd percentile of normal value in the same gestational week and bilateral cerebellar hemisphere fusion(15/15,100％).Cerebellar vermis completely loss was observed in 14 fetuses(14/15,93.33％),while partially loss was noticed in 1 fetus(1/15,6.67％).Invisible of the fourth cerebral ventricle was detected in 4 fetuses(4/15,26.67％),while the fourth cerebral ventricular index(4Vi)＜1 was found in 11 fetuses(11/15,73.33％).No"split line"sign between vermis and cerebellar hemisphere was detected.A total of 14(14/15,93.33％)were found with combining intracranial or extracranial malformations,including 13(13/14,92.86％)with other intracranial malformations,10(10/14,71.43％)with extracranial malformations,whereas 1(1/15,6.67％)fetus had no other malformation.Conclusion Prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of fetal RES mainly included small cerebellum transverse diameter,complete or partial loss of vermis,invisible or dysplasia of the fourth cerebral ventricle,fusion of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres,as well as combining with other intracranial and extracranial malformations.

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is an adjunctive technique in orthodontic treatment, based on the principle of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). It aims to shorten orthodontic treatment duration by enhancing osteoclast activity. In recent years, the surgical approach of PAOO has been gradually optimized with the development of techniques such as piezosurgical corticotomy and alveolar micro-osteoperforations. The materials used have also improved, including novel grafting materials such as bioactive glass and new barrier membranes like platelet-rich fibrin. Thanks to these clinical innovations, PAOO is evolving toward a trend of minimal pain, low invasiveness, and high efficacy. However, clinical research on PAOO remains limited, large-sample, multicenter randomized controlled trials are still needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of different surgical techniques and grafting materials in PAOO.
Humans ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; Orthodontics/methods* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Piezosurgery/methods*

Cryoablation (CRA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are two main local treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, which one is more curative and suitable for combining with immunotherapy is still controversial. Herein, CRA induced higher tumoral PD-L1 expression and more T cells infiltration, but less PD-L1^highCD11b⁺ myeloid cells infiltration than MWA in HCC. Furthermore, CRA had better curative effect than MWA for anti-PD-L1 combination therapy in mouse models. Mechanistically, anti-PD-L1 antibody facilitated infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells by enhancing the secretion of CXCL9 from cDC1 cells after CRA therapy. On the other hand, anti-PD-L1 antibody promoted the infiltration of NK cells to eliminate PD-L1^highCD11b⁺ myeloid cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect after CRA therapy. Both aspects relieved the immunosuppressive microenvironment after CRA therapy. Notably, the wild-type PD-L1 Avelumab (Bavencio), compared to the mutant PD-L1 atezolizumab (Tecentriq), was better at inducing the ADCC effect to target PD-L1^highCD11b⁺ myeloid cells. Collectively, our study uncovered the novel insights that CRA showed superior curative effect than MWA in combining with anti-PD-L1 antibody by strengthening CTL/NK cell immune responses, which provided a strong rationale for combining CRA and PD-L1 blockade in the clinical treatment for HCC.

Objective:To investigate the correlations between level of serum heparin binding protein (HBP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:A total of 86 patients with AP admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China from December 2017 to May 2019 were included and divided into mild AP group (MAP) with 36 cases, moderate AP group (MSAP) with 26 cases, and severe AP group (SAP) with 24 cases. There were 25 healthy subjects were chosen as the control group. Serum HBP, PCT, and IL-18 levels were dynamically monitored in all patients at 1, 3 and 7 days after admission. The Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to detect the correlation between the three indicators and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and APACHEII and Ranson score, and analyzed the early diagnostic value of HBP, PCT, and IL-18 in SAP patients.Results:In 86 AP patients, 53 were males and 33 were females, aged (48.3±8.0) years. In 25 healthy subjects, 15 were males and 10 were females, aged (40.5±5.9) years. Serum levels of HBP, PCT and IL-18 in AP patients were significantly higher than those of healthy control group at 1, 3 and 7 days after admission ( P<0.05), and the most significant increase was observed on the 1st day. At the meanwhile, HBP, PCT, and IL-18 were positively correlated with level of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, APACHEII and Ranson scores ( P<0.05). The AUC area of SAP diagnosis by using HBP, PCT or IL-18 alone was respectively 0.825, 0.896, 0.799, the Yoden index was respectively 0.605, 0.628, 0.583, the sensitivity and specificity were 75.3%, 76.2%, 74.8% and 85.2%, 86.6%, 83.5%. The AUC area, Yoden index, sensitivity and specificity of joint detection were 0.923, 0.787, 85.5%, 93.2%, and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were also increased. Conclusion:Monitoring of serum HBP, PCT and IL-18 can predict the severity of AP patients, and it may serve as an early diagnostic marker for AP.

Chordotonal neurons are responsible for sound sensation in Drosophila. However, little is known about how they respond to sound with high sensitivity. Using genetic labeling, we found one of the Drosophila axonemal dynein heavy chains, CG9492 (DNAH5), was specifically expressed in larval chordotonal neurons and showed a distribution restricted to proximal cilia. While DNAH5 mutation did not affect the cilium morphology or the trafficking of Inactive, a candidate auditory transduction channel, larvae with DNAH5 mutation had reduced startle responses to sound at low and medium intensities. Calcium imaging confirmed that DNAH5 functioned autonomously in chordotonal neurons for larval sound sensation. Furthermore, disrupting DNAH5 resulted in a decrease of spike firing responses to low-level sound in chordotonal neurons. Intriguingly, DNAH5 mutant larvae displayed an altered frequency tuning curve of the auditory organs. All together, our findings support a critical role of DNAH5 in tuning the frequency selectivity and the sound sensitivity of larval auditory neurons.

Although the dental lamina of permanent teeth in human being has been developed as early as the embryo stage, the replacement of the deciduous teeth by permanent teeth does not take place untill the age of 6 to 12 years old. The molecular mechanism of the initiation of permanent teeth is still unclear. The rodent species are usually used for the tooth development research in the past. However, this animal model is not suitable for the tooth replacement study because of the absence of tooth replacement in rodents. After 10 years of efforts, our team has established the animal model of miniature pig for tooth replacement research. Using this model, we firstly defined the spatiotemporal pattern of teeth replacement. In the further mechanism research, results showed that the growing rate of the deciduous teeth was faster than that of the surrounding alveolar bone, and biomechanical stress inside mandible was generated due to the fast growth of deciduous teeth. The stress might up-regulate the signal of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)-Wnt pathway in the mesenchyme between the deciduous and permanent teeth, sustain the successional dental lamina at the resting stage and inhibit the development of permanent teeth. A similar expression pattern was also found in the mesenchyme between the deciduous and permanent teeth in human. Our findings demonstrated that the eruption of deciduous tooth released the stress inside mandible, thus induced the "Wnt translocation" from the mesenchyme into the epithelium of permanent counterpart and therefore initiated the development of permanent teeth. The underlying mechanism of the replacement of deciduous teeth by permanent teeth is the regulation of biomechanical stress throughout the initiation process. Based on the findings, we proposed the theory of "biomechanical stress regulation of the tooth replacement" . The replacement pattern and regulatory mechanism provide a scientific foundation for the organ development and regeneration by regulating the biomechanical stress and Wnt pathway in the future.