Circular RNA(circRNA)is a single-stranded RNA with a covalently closed loop structure,which has a more stable structure and lower immunogenicity than linear RNA.Many studies have shown that circRNA has characteristics such as conservation,stability,and tissue specificity,and can act as a microRNA(miRNA)sponge to interact with proteins and translation templates,and regulate biological functions such as gene expression and signal transduction.Based on the characteristics and various bio-logical functions of circRNA,some endogenous circRNA plays an important regulatory role in the occur-rence and development of tumors and has the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.In addition,mRNA drugs have limitations such as instability,easy degradation,low translation efficien-cy,and immunogenicity in practical applications.Engineered translatable exogenous circRNA can solve some of the limitations of linear mRNA application and become a new type of potential efficient drug.In this paper,we introduce the circRNA biogenesis mechanisms,specific biological functions,and the cur-rent status of diagnosis and treatment applications in tumors.This includes the diagnostic application of endogenous circRNA in tumors,the design and synthesis strategies of exogenous circRNA,and the cur-rent progress in the design and application of engineered circRNA vaccines using their stable and efficient protein expression functions in the treatment of tumors.Finally,we discuss the current clinical diagnostic application problems of circRNA,the challenges of exogenous circRNA therapeutic applications,and the prospects of the field.

Circular RNA(circRNA)is a single-stranded RNA with a covalently closed loop structure,which has a more stable structure and lower immunogenicity than linear RNA.Many studies have shown that circRNA has characteristics such as conservation,stability,and tissue specificity,and can act as a microRNA(miRNA)sponge to interact with proteins and translation templates,and regulate biological functions such as gene expression and signal transduction.Based on the characteristics and various bio-logical functions of circRNA,some endogenous circRNA plays an important regulatory role in the occur-rence and development of tumors and has the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.In addition,mRNA drugs have limitations such as instability,easy degradation,low translation efficien-cy,and immunogenicity in practical applications.Engineered translatable exogenous circRNA can solve some of the limitations of linear mRNA application and become a new type of potential efficient drug.In this paper,we introduce the circRNA biogenesis mechanisms,specific biological functions,and the cur-rent status of diagnosis and treatment applications in tumors.This includes the diagnostic application of endogenous circRNA in tumors,the design and synthesis strategies of exogenous circRNA,and the cur-rent progress in the design and application of engineered circRNA vaccines using their stable and efficient protein expression functions in the treatment of tumors.Finally,we discuss the current clinical diagnostic application problems of circRNA,the challenges of exogenous circRNA therapeutic applications,and the prospects of the field.

Objective To explore the independent risk factors of bladder stones(BS)in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),and to construct a predictive model and an easy-to-use website.Methods The clinical data of 460 BPH patients treated during Jan.2022 and Jan.2025 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were retrospectively analyzed.The independent risk factors of BS in the training set were identified with univariate logistic regression and the Boruta algorithm,based on which a nomogram was constructed.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),F1 index,calibration curve and clinical decision curve analysis(DCA).The contribution of different variables to BS was evaluated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)algorithm.A web page was established.Results Among the 460 BPH patients,144(31.3％)had BS,and 6 independent risk factors were identified,including neutrophil level,urine culture results,intravesical prostatic protrusion(IPP),urine nitrite test results,urine leukocytes test results,and urine occult blood results.In the test set,the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.887(95％CI:0.816-0.947),sensitivity 0.705,specificity 0.968,PPV 0.912,NPV 0.876,and F1 score 0.795.Calibration and DCA indicated good discrimination and clinical applicability.SHAP results showed that the risk factors mentioned above were the most important for concurrent BS.The resulting website(https://wutiaowu2.shinyapps.io/bladderrrr/)was publicly accessible.Conclusion The neutrophil level,urine culture results,IPP,urinary nitrite test results,urinary leukocytes test results,and urinary occult blood test results were identified as the independent risk factors of BPH complicated with BS.The model and website developed based on these factors demonstrate high usability and accuracy,possessing significant clinical value.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-10a-5p downregulation on cisplatin(DDP)resistance in bladder cancer T24 cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR quantified the expression of miR-10a-5p in the cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cell line T24/DDP and its parental cell line T24.T24/DDP cells were divided into control,inhibitor NC,miR-10a-5p inhibitor,miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-NC,and miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-Apaf1 groups.Different concentrations of DDP were administered for 24 h.Cell proliferative activity was detected using the MTT assay,and the drug resistance index was calculated.Apop-tosis was analyzed using flow cytometry.The protein expression levels of Apaf1,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3,and cytochrome C(Cyt C)were analyzed using Western blotting.A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the target binding relationship between miR-10a-5p and Apaf1.Results The expression of miR-10a-5p was significantly higher in drug-resistant T24/DDP cells than in parental T24 cells(P<0.05).Compared with the inhibitor NC group,the miR-10a-5p inhibitor group exhibited increased T24/DDP cells sensitivity to DDP,decreased drug resistance index,and elevated apoptosis levels.The protein expression levels of Apaf1,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3,and cytoplasmic Cyt C proteins were upregulated in the miR-10a-5p inhibitor group compared with the inhibitor NC group(all P<0.05).The DDP sensitivity of T24/DDP cells was reduced in the miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-Apaf1 group compared to the miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-NC group,accompanied by an increase in the drug resistance index and a decrease in apoptosis(all P<0.05).The double-lu-ciferase reporter gene assay results confirmed that Apaf1 was a downstream target gene regulated by miR-10a-5p.Conclusion miR-10a-5p knockdown targeting the upregulation of Apaf1reversed DDP resistance in T24/DDP cells.

Objective To explore the problems in quality management of inpatient medical records and analyze the ap-plication effect of the dual-line bidirectional supervision mechanism.Methods Retrospective collection of 500 inpatient medical records from January 2023 to June 2023(before the implementation of the dual-line bidirectional supervision mechanism)and classified as the control group.Also,500 inpatient medical records from January 2024 to June 2024(during the implementation of the dual-line bidirectional supervision mechanism)and classified as the observation group.The main problems and distribution of quality management in the two groups were explored and compared.Results ①Incomplete or omitted information,incorrect selection of admission condition,and coding errors were the three main problems in the inpatient medical records of the two groups,but the proportion of quality management problems in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).②The proportion of Grade A cases in the observation group was 90.20％(451/500),while the proportion in the control group was 85.60％(428/500).③The proportion of basic information defects in the inpatient medical records of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).④The proportion of defects in the inpatient process information,such as reasons for transfer and discharge methods,in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).⑤The proportion of defects in diagnostic names and order,surgeries and related operations,and other treatment information in the inpatient medical records of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).⑥The proportion of defects in cost information,such as total expenses and expenses categories,in the inpatient medical records of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The main problems in quality management of inpatient medical records include incomplete or omitted information,incorrect selection of admission condition,and coding errors.Supervi-sing inpatient medical records with the dual-line bidirectional supervision mechanism can improve the completeness and accuracy of information,enhance the quality of medical record management,optimize DRG grouping results,and has significant practical effects.It is also valuable for promotion.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-10a-5p downregulation on cisplatin(DDP)resistance in bladder cancer T24 cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR quantified the expression of miR-10a-5p in the cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cell line T24/DDP and its parental cell line T24.T24/DDP cells were divided into control,inhibitor NC,miR-10a-5p inhibitor,miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-NC,and miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-Apaf1 groups.Different concentrations of DDP were administered for 24 h.Cell proliferative activity was detected using the MTT assay,and the drug resistance index was calculated.Apop-tosis was analyzed using flow cytometry.The protein expression levels of Apaf1,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3,and cytochrome C(Cyt C)were analyzed using Western blotting.A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the target binding relationship between miR-10a-5p and Apaf1.Results The expression of miR-10a-5p was significantly higher in drug-resistant T24/DDP cells than in parental T24 cells(P<0.05).Compared with the inhibitor NC group,the miR-10a-5p inhibitor group exhibited increased T24/DDP cells sensitivity to DDP,decreased drug resistance index,and elevated apoptosis levels.The protein expression levels of Apaf1,cleaved caspase-9,cleaved caspase-3,and cytoplasmic Cyt C proteins were upregulated in the miR-10a-5p inhibitor group compared with the inhibitor NC group(all P<0.05).The DDP sensitivity of T24/DDP cells was reduced in the miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-Apaf1 group compared to the miR-10a-5p inhibitor+si-NC group,accompanied by an increase in the drug resistance index and a decrease in apoptosis(all P<0.05).The double-lu-ciferase reporter gene assay results confirmed that Apaf1 was a downstream target gene regulated by miR-10a-5p.Conclusion miR-10a-5p knockdown targeting the upregulation of Apaf1reversed DDP resistance in T24/DDP cells.

Objective To explore the independent risk factors of bladder stones(BS)in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),and to construct a predictive model and an easy-to-use website.Methods The clinical data of 460 BPH patients treated during Jan.2022 and Jan.2025 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were retrospectively analyzed.The independent risk factors of BS in the training set were identified with univariate logistic regression and the Boruta algorithm,based on which a nomogram was constructed.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),F1 index,calibration curve and clinical decision curve analysis(DCA).The contribution of different variables to BS was evaluated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)algorithm.A web page was established.Results Among the 460 BPH patients,144(31.3％)had BS,and 6 independent risk factors were identified,including neutrophil level,urine culture results,intravesical prostatic protrusion(IPP),urine nitrite test results,urine leukocytes test results,and urine occult blood results.In the test set,the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.887(95％CI:0.816-0.947),sensitivity 0.705,specificity 0.968,PPV 0.912,NPV 0.876,and F1 score 0.795.Calibration and DCA indicated good discrimination and clinical applicability.SHAP results showed that the risk factors mentioned above were the most important for concurrent BS.The resulting website(https://wutiaowu2.shinyapps.io/bladderrrr/)was publicly accessible.Conclusion The neutrophil level,urine culture results,IPP,urinary nitrite test results,urinary leukocytes test results,and urinary occult blood test results were identified as the independent risk factors of BPH complicated with BS.The model and website developed based on these factors demonstrate high usability and accuracy,possessing significant clinical value.

Objective To investigate the role and related mechanisms of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Methods Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were isolated and cultured for the extraction and identification of exosomes. Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into Control group, RILI group and RILI + exosomes group (EXO group), with 6 rats in each group. Except for Control group, the other groups received a single X-ray dose of 30 Gy to the right lung. Immediately after irradiation, the EXO group was administered 2 × 10⁹ exosomes/kg via tail vein injection. Control group and RILI group were given the same volume of normal saline. Eight weeks post-irradiation, the rats were sacrificed, lung tissue and peripheral venous blood were collected. HE and Masson staining were employed to observe the pathological and fibrotic changes of lung tissue. The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, Cdh1, and Col1a1 in lung tissue. The expression levels of Vimentin and TGF-β1 in lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemical staining. The expression levels of AMPK, p-AMPK, and TGF-β1 in lung tissue were detected by Western blot. Results MSC-derived exosomes were successfully extracted and identified. Compared with RILI group, EXO group showed significantly reduced pathological changes of lung inflammation and collagen deposition. The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-6, INF-γ, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and Col1a1 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of Cdh1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The levels of Vimentin and TGF-β1 in lung tissue were significantly reduced, while p-AMPK level was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusion Exosomes derived from MSCs may alleviate RILI by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by AMPK/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the effect of preoperative visits based on lean management theory in the preoperative psychological state of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.Methods:According to the coin toss method,72 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery admitted to the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Chenzhou First People's Hospital from May 2024 to August 2024 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 36 cases in each group.The control group was given routine preoperative visits,and the observation group was given preoperative visits based on lean management theory on the basis of the control group.The psychological state,information demand level,vital signs and satisfaction of the patients were compared between the two groups 1 day before operation and when entering the room.Results:After intervention,the scores of State Anxiety Scale(S-AI)and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale(APAIS)were decreased in both groups,and the observation group were significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05).The vital signs(heart rate,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure)in observation group were lower than control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,the satisfaction of patients in observation group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of preoperative visit based on lean management theory can help improve the preoperative psychological state of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery,eliminate anxiety,provide patients with more targeted surgical information support for patients,stabilize patients 'vital signs,and improve patients' satisfaction.

Objective:To establish graded forecast models of pollen concentration in spring and summer-autumn in northern China, based on long-term data of pollen and allergic rhinitis (AR) medical visits in 8 cities of northern China.Methods:Pollen concentration and the characteristics of AR patients from 8 cities of northern China, including Beijing, Baotou, Hohhot, Xi′an, Xining, Cangzhou, Liaocheng and Zibo, were analyzed. Spearman′s correlation was used to examine the relationship between pollen concentration and daily AR patient visits. A pollen concentration grading was establish, and a pollen forecast model was created using the eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The model incorporated meteorological factors and the 3-day moving average of pollen concentrations.Results:The spring pollen period started early and lasted long in Beijing and Xi ′an, while the summer-autumn pollen period started earlier and persisted longer in Xining, Baotou and Hohhot. During summer-autumn pollen period, and the spring period in most cities (except Baotou and Cangzhou), average daily patient visits were significantly higher than those in non-pollen periods. A strong correlation was observed between daily AR patient visits and the 3-day moving average of pollen concentrations in both the spring and summer-autumn periods across all cities. Based on the correlation, a pollen concentration grading standard of northern China was established. The accuracy evaluation of pollen concentration prediction model showed that the percentage of forecasts with either completely accurate or within one level difference exceeded 91% in spring and 95% in summer-autumn. The most important predictive variable in the model was the pollen level from previous day, followed by the temperature and humidity.Conclusion:The grading prediction model for pollen concentration provides guidance for AR patients in term of travel, early defense and treatment, as well as the determining medication schedules for clinical drug research and specific immunotherapy.